Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Level in Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma and Clinical Significance

Circulating vascular endothelial growth factor-C （VEGF-C） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） levels in patients with colorectal carcinoma were determined in order to assess their clinical significance as a diagnostic tool for monitoring lymph node metastasis. In 66 patients with colorectal carcinoma and 30 healthy controls, circulating VEGF-C and VEGF levels were assessed by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Serum VEGF-C and VEGF levels were higher in patients with colorectal carcinoma than in healthy controls. Patients with lymph node metastasis had higher serum VEGF-C and VEGF levels than those without lymph node metastasis. The levels of VEGF-C and VEGF were higher in the invasion group than in the non-invasion group. Serum VEGF-C levels reached a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 76 % with a cutoff value of 1438.0 pg/mL, whereas VEGF levels reached 72 % sensitivity and 74 % specificity at 240.2 pg/ mL. If 66 patients were divided into 4 groups according to the combined determination of VEGF-C and VEGF levels, the positive predictive value was 85.3 %, the negative predictive value was 94.6 %, and accuracy was 93.7 %. It was suggested that circulating VEGF-C levels might provide additional information for distinguishing the absence from presence of lymph node metastasis in patients with colorectal carcinoma. The combined determination of VEGF-C and VEGF levels could be used as an important index for preoperatively clinical stage of colorectal carcinoma.

Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C and Its Correlation with Lymph Node Metastasis in Colorectal Carcinoma

Summary: To study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) in colorectal carcinoma and its relationship with lymph node metastasis, the expression of VEGF-C protein in colorectal carcinoma tissues obtained from 94 patients who underwent radical resection was immunohistochemically detected. Meanwhile, the expression of VEGF-C mRNA in 4 colorectal carcinoma cell lines was examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).VEGF-C protein was found to be expressed in 53.2 % of patients. The expression was more frequently detected in tumors with lymph node metastasis than in those without metastasis (P<0.01), and there was significant correlation between its expression and lymphatic invasion, TNM stage (P<0.01). However, no significant correlation was found between its expression and the age, gender, tumor location, depth of invasion and vascular invasion. 2 of the 4 colorectal carcinoma cell lines, including LoVo and LoVo-5FU, expressed VEGF-C mRNA. The expression of VEGF-C is closely related to lymph node metastasis, and it might take part in the tumor lymphangiogenesis.

Increased expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),VEGF-C and VEGF receptor-3 in prostate cancer tissue are associated with tumor progression

Aim： To investigate the differences in microvessel densities （MVD） and the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）, VEGF-C and VEGF receptor-3 （VEGFR-3） between prostate cancer （PCa） tissues and adjacent benign tissues, and to explore the correlations among MVD, Jewett-Whitmore staging, Gleason scores and expressions of VEGF, VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in the progression of PCa. Methods： An immunohistochemical approach was adopted to detect the expressions of CD34, VEGF, VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in both cancer areas and peripheral benign areas of 71 primary prostatic adenocarcinoma specimens. A statistic analysis was then performed according to the experimental and clinic data. Results： Significantly upregulated expressions of VEGF, VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 were all found in malignant epithelium/cancer cells compared with adjacent benign epithelium （P 〈 0.01）. Patients in stage D had a significantly higher score than patients in stage A, B or C when comparing the expression of VEGF-C or VEGFR-3 in the tumor area （P 〈 0.01）. In addition, significant correlations were observed between Jewett-Whitmore staging and VEGF-C （rs = 0.738, P 〈 0.01）, clinical staging and VEGFR-3 （rs = 0.410, P 〈 0.01）, VEGF-C and Gleason scores （rs = 0.401, P 〈 0.01）, VEGFR-3 and Gleason scores （rs = 0.581, P 〈 0.001） and MVD and VEGF （rs = 0.492, P 〈 0.001）. Conclusion： Increased expressions of VEGF and VEGF-C were closely associ- ated with progression of PCa. The main contribution of increased VEGF expression for PCa progression was to upregulate MVD, which maintained the growth advantage of tumor tissue. However, the chief role of increased expressions of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 was to enhance lymphangiogenesis and provide a main pathway for cancer cells to disseminate. （Asian J Androl 2006 Mar; 8： 169-175）

Effect of Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C on Lymphangiogenesis and Angiogenesis of Pancreatic Cancer

In order to investigate the effect of antisense oligonucleotide （ASODN） of vascular endothelial growth factor C （VEGF-C） on lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis of pancreatic cancer, antisense and scamble-sense oligonucleotide of VEGF-C were constructed, and the model of nude mice with orthotopically xenografied human pancreatic cancer cells （Panc-1） was established. Thirty nude mice were randomly divided into 3 groups： PBS control group （group A）, scramble-sense control group （group B） and antisense group （group C）. All nude mice were treated once every 2 days as 3 times per week, for 3 weeks （oligonucleotide 10 mg/kg every time）. After treatments were completed, ELISA method was used to examine the concentration of VEGF-C in plasma and immunohistochemical method to examine microvessel density （MVD）, lymphtic vessel density （LVD） of pancreatic cancer. The results showed that the expression of VEGF-C was inhibited significantly in group C. The concentrations were 237.5±41.5, 221.5±52.3 and 108.6±14.9 pg/mL in groups A, B and C respectively （P〈0.01）. LVD in groups A, B and C was 13.8±2.1, 12.4±1.9 and 4.2±1.6 respectively （P〈0.01）. MVD in groups A, B and C was 27.5±8.7, 25.9±4.2 and 19.4±5.6 respectively with no significant difference among the groups （P〉0.05）. It was suggested that VEGF-C ASODN decreased the expression levels of VEGF-C in nude mice with orthotopically xenografted human pancreatic cancer, and it could inhibit lymphangiogenesis, but had no significant effect on angiogenesis.

Interleukin-1α, 6 regulate the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor A, C in pancreatic cancer

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, namely VEGF-A) is an angiogenic polypeptide and VEGF-C is a lymphangiogenic polypeptide that has been implicated in cancer growth, invasion and metastasis. Several cytokines and growth factors play an important part in cancer progression. These cytokines and growth factors are the principal mediators of cancer cells-stromal cell interaction , which is critical for invasion of cancer cells to the surrounding tissues and metastatic dissemination to distant organs. In this study, we studied VEGF-A, C expression in cultured human pancreatic cancer cell lines and whether the presence of VEGF-A, C in the cell lines is regulated by cytokines interleukin-lct (EL-1α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). METHODS: We used Northern blot and Western blot methods to analyze expression of the gene and protein of VEGF-A, C in all 6 tested cell lines (ASPC-1, CAPAN-1, MIA-PaCa-2, PANC-1, COLO-357 and T3M4) respectively. To analyze what is the regulator for this VEGF-A, C expression in pancreatic cancer,we used the reverse transcription -polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method to analyze VEGF-A, C expression in cultured human pancreatic cancer cell lines (CAPAN-1 and COLO-357) under the stimulation with IL-1α (10μg/L) or IL-6 (100 μg/L). RESULTS:Northern blot analysis revealed the presence of the 4.1-kb VEGF-A mRNA transcript and 2.4-kb VEGF-C mRNA transcript in all 6 tested cell lines. Immunoblotting with highly specific anti-VEGF-A, anti-VEGF-C antibody revealed the presence of a molecular weight of 43-kDa VEGF-A protein and 55-kDa VEGF-C protein in all the cell lines. RT-PCR analysis revealed the levels of the VEGF-A and VEGF-C gene were 1-2 fold and a 1-fold increase in the COLO-357 cell line by stimulation with IL-la, however, no effect was found in the CAPAN-1 cell line. The levels of the VEGF-A and VEGF-C gene were 2-5 fold and a 1-fold increase in the CAPAN-1 cell line by stimulation with IL-6, but, no effect was found in the COLO-357 cell line. CONCLUSION:These findings suggested that the expression of VEGF-A, C and their regulation by IL-1α, IL-6 in pancreatic cancer contributes to the lymphatic and distant metastasis and the disease progression.

Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 in Ovarian Epithelial Tumors

Objective： To explore the role of vascular endothelial growth factor-C （VEGF-C） in the process of angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in epithelial ovarian tumors. Methods： In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining for VEGF-C were performed in 30 epithelial ovarian carcinomas, 9 borderline tumors and 26 benign tumors. Endothelial cells were immunostained with anti-VEGFR-3 pAb and anti-CD31 mAb, and VEGFR-3 positive vessels and microvessel density （MVD） were assessed by image analysis. Results： VEGF-C mRNA and protein expression were detected in cytoplasm of carcinoma cells. VEGF-C mRNA and protein expression in ovarian epithelial carcinomas were significantly higher than those in borderline tumors and benign tumors （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. In ovarian epithelial carcinomas, VEGF-C protein expression, VEGFR-3 positive vessels and MVD were significantly higher in the cases of clinical stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ and with lymph node metastasis than those of clinical stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ and without lymph node metastasis respectively （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. VEGFR-3 positive vessels and MVD were significantly higher in VEGF-C protein positive tumors than negative tumors （P〈0.05）. VEGFR-3 positive vessels was significantly correlated with MVD（P〈0.01）. Conclusion： VEGF-C might play a role in lymphatic metastasis via lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in epithelial ovarian tumors, and VBEGF-C could be used as a biologic marker of metastasis in ovarian epithelial tumors.

Correlation between the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor c and C-erbB-2 in human breast cancer

Objective: We aimed to study the transcription level of VEGF-C in human breast cancer tissue, and explore the correlations with the expression of C-erbB-2. Methods: The expression of VEGF-C mRNA in 51 cases of human breast cancer was assessed by hybridization in situ. The expressions of C-erbB-2 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: The positive rate of VEGF-C mRNA was 54.9% in 51 cases of breast cancer. The transcription level had correlation with tumor size and status of lymph nodes(P < 0.05). The expression of VEGF-C mRNA had a positive correlation with the expression of C-erbB-2(P < 0.05). Conclusion: The up-expression of VEGF-C has a significant correlation with the malignancy level and clinical stage of breast cancer. The combined detection of VEGF-C, C-erbB-2 may help to estimate the prognosis of patients with breast cancer and study on thetherapeutic implications.

Expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor in cirrhotic tissues and their relations to proto-oncogene c-fos, c-myc

Objective: To investigate the significance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the pathogene- sis of liver cirrhosis and the correlation between VEGF and proto-oncogene c-fos and c-myc in cir- rhotic liver. Methods: The proteins of VEGF, c-fos, and c-myc were identified immunohistochemically in each tissue section of 53 cases of liver cirrhosis. The correlations between VEGF, c-fos and c-myc were analyzed. The levels of VEGF protein in different Child gradings were also compared. Results: The proteins of VEGF were more highly ex- pressed in Child A and B patients than in Child C patients and controls. The expressions of both c-fos and c-myc were not statistically significant between VEGF positive and negative patients. Conclusions: The protein level of VEGF can reflect the compensation status of cirrhosis patients and may act as an anti-cirrhotic factor. The proto-oncogene c- fos, c-myc and VEGF may have different mecha- nisms in the course of cirrhosis or hepatic tumorigen- esis.

Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C and Its Clinical Significance in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE To examine the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C （VEGF-C） in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC）, and to clarify its role in lymphatic metastasis in ESCC patients.METHODS Esophageal carcinoma EC9706 cells and samples from 49 patients with primary ESCC were investigated by using S-P immunohistochemistry （IHC）, the semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and in situ hybridization （ISH） methods for VEGF-C expression. RESULTS VEGF-C positive expression was found in EC9706 cells through IHC, ISH and RT-PCR. Positive IHC for VEGF-C was observed in 36 of 49 cases of ESCC. There was a significant difference between the expression of VEGF-C in a lymph-node-positive group compared to a node-negative group （χ^2=4.7, P〈0.05）. Positive ISH for VEGF-C mRNA was observed in 23 of 49 cases of ESCC. There was a significant difference between the expression of VEGF-C in the lymph-node-positive group and node-negative group （χ^2=31.3, P〈0.01）. The expression of VEGF-C was significantly higher in the lymph-node-positive group compared to the node-negative group. Of 49 ESCC tissues, RT-PCR for VEGF-C mRNA was observed positively in 29 cases. There was a significant difference between the expression of VEGF-C in the lymph-node-positive group and node-negative group （χ^2=23.3, P〈0.01）. The expression of VEGF-C was significantly higher in the lymphnode-positive group compared to the node-negative group. Expressions of VEGF-C were not significantly associated with age, gender, and pathological grade. There was a relationship between VEGF-C mRNA expressions by RT-PCR and ISH （χ^2=18.5, P〈0.01） in ESCC cases, but with no significant difference between the two methods. CONCLUSION VEGF-C expression may induce lymphangiogenesis in human ESCC. There was a close correlation between VEGF-C expression and lymph node metastasis. VEGF-C can serve as a useful prognostic factor for ESCC patients.

Construction of human VEGF165 gene eukaryotic expression plasmid and its effect on proliferation of vascular endothelial cells

After organ transplantation, rapid repair of injured vascular endothelial cell (VEC) is a key to prevent graft chronic dysfunction besides control of immunological rejection. Many studies have confirmed that vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) could accelerate the repair of VEC injury, decrease thrombosis and thrombotic occlusion, and inhibit hyperplasia of the intima. This study was designed to construct eukaryotic expression plasmid pBudCE4.1/VEGF165, and observe its effect on the prolife ration of VEC. METHODS:The VEGF165 gene cloned from human heart tissue by RT-PCR was cloned into eukaryotic expression plasmid pBudCE4.1. The recombinant expression plasmid pBudCE4.1/VEGF165 was identified by restriction enzyme (Hind III and BamH I) digestion analysis, and was sequenced. The pBudCE4.1/VEGF165 was introduced into VEC through lipofection transfection. The VEGF165 mRNA expression by Northern blot and VEGF165 protein expression was detected by immunocytochemical staining. The effect of expression protein on VEC proliferation was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS:The RT-PCR product of the VEGF165 gene was about 576bp. Sequencing analysis revealed that the sequence of the amplified VEGF165 gene was identical with that in GenBank. Restrictive enzyme digestion analysis showed that recombinant expression plasmid pBudCE4.1/ tVEGF165 had been constructed successfully. The expression of VEGF165 at mRNA and protein levels in the transformed VSMCs had been demonstrated by Northern blot and immunocytochemical staining respectively. The expressed product of VEGF165 could notably accelerate the proliferation of VECs. CONCLUSIONS:pBudCE4.1/VEGF165 is successfully cons- tructed and is expressed in VECs. Expressed VEGF165 can accelerate the VEC proliferation. The present study has laid a foundation for potential use of VEGF165 gene transfection to prevent and treat vascular stenosis in the transplanted organ.

乳腺癌组织内VEGF-C、HIF-1α表达与血管生成的相关性研究

目的:探讨乳腺癌患者组织内血管内皮生长因子-C(VEGF-C)、缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)表达与血管生成的关系。方法:选取2022年1月—2023年12月泰安市中心医院收治的198例乳腺癌女性患者,并选取同期经病理学检查为乳腺纤维瘤患者50例为对照。采用免疫组化S-P法检测乳腺癌和乳腺纤维瘤组织中VEGF-C、HIF-1α表达及微血管密度(MVD)数,分析VEGF-C、HIF-1α表达与临床病理特征及MVD的关系。结果:乳腺癌患者乳腺组织中VEGF-C、HIF-1α阳性表达率及MVD数均高于乳腺纤维瘤患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。VEGF-C阳性与阴性表达者年龄、肿瘤直径、组织学分级、ER表达、PR表达等临床病理特征比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);VEGF-C阳性表达者有淋巴结转移、TNM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、分子分型(Luminal B、HER-2阳性、基底细胞)的患者占比及MVD均高于VEGF-C阴性表达者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HIF-1α阳性与阴性表达者年龄、肿瘤直径、ER表达、PR表达、分子分型等临床病理特征比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);HIF-1α阳性表达者组织学分级为Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、有淋巴结转移、TNM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期的患者占比及MVD均高于HIF-1α阴性表达者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:乳腺癌患者组织内VEGF-C、HIF-1α阳性表达率明显升高,并且还与肿瘤血管生成存在显著相关性。

降钙素、血管内皮生长因子C在甲状腺髓样癌患者中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨降钙素(Ctn)、血管内皮生长因子C(VEGFC)在甲状腺髓样癌(MTC)患者中的表达及临床意义。方法选取82例MTC患者和71例健康体检者,分别作为观察组和对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测Ctn和VEGFC水平。比较两组受试者及不同TNM分期MTC患者的Ctn、VEGFC水平。对MTC患者随访1年,根据随访情况分为预后良好组和预后不良组。比较预后良好组和预后不良组MTC患者的临床特征,采用Logistic回归模型分析MTC患者预后的影响因素。结果观察组患者Ctn、VEGFC水平均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。Ⅲ~Ⅳ期MTC患者Ctn、VEGFC水平均明显高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。预后良好组和预后不良组患者的TNM分期、淋巴结转移情况、Ctn水平、VEGFC水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,TNM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、淋巴结转移、Ctn水平升高、VEGFC水平升高均是MTC患者预后不良的独立危险因素(P﹤0.05)。结论Ctn、VEGFC在MTC患者中表达均升高,且其表达水平与MTC的发生发展及预后密切相关。

The lymphatic system:a therapeutic target for central nervous system disorders

The lymphatic vasculature forms an organized network that covers the whole body and is involved in fluid homeostasis,metabolite clearance,and immune surveillance.The recent identification of functional lymphatic vessels in the meninges of the brain and the spinal cord has provided novel insights into neurophysiology.They emerge as major pathways for fluid exchange.The abundance of immune cells in lymphatic vessels and meninges also suggests that lymphatic vessels are actively involved in neuroimmunity.The lymphatic system,through its role in the clearance of neurotoxic proteins,autoimmune cell infiltration,and the transmission of pro-inflammatory signals,participates in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurological disorders,including neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases and traumatic injury.Vascular endothelial growth factor C is the master regulator of lymphangiogenesis,a process that is critical for the maintenance of central nervous system homeostasis.In this review,we summarize current knowledge and recent advances relating to the anatomical features and immunological functions of the lymphatic system of the central nervous system and highlight its potential as a therapeutic target for neurological disorders and central nervous system repair.

巨噬细胞特异性启动子SP146-C1增强血管内皮生长因子C在动脉粥样硬化小鼠中的表达

背景:携带巨噬细胞特异性启动子SP146-C1(Synthetic promoter 146-C1)及外源性基因血管内皮生长因子C(vascular endothelial growth factor C,VEGFC)的重组9型腺相关病毒(recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9,rAAV9)在动脉粥样硬化组织中的表达效率还不确定。目的:探究rAAV9-SP146-C1-VEGFC在动脉粥样硬化小鼠中的表达效率及对淋巴管生成的影响。方法:取30只ApoE^(-/-)小鼠给予高脂饮食喂养12周构建动脉粥样硬化模型,随机数字表法分为转染7,14,21,28,35 d组各5只,尾静脉注射5.0×10^(11) vg rAAV9-SP146-C1-VEGFC,对照组5只小鼠尾静脉注射等量对照病毒rAAV9-SP146-C1-Scramble。分别于转染后7,14,21,28,35 d时麻醉后处死,留取血清、股骨、胫骨、心脏及主动脉组织,对照组于7 d时同法取材。各组小鼠的股骨和胫骨用于提取骨髓原代巨噬细胞,RT-qPCR检测骨髓原代巨噬细胞及主动脉中VEGFC、血管内皮细胞生长因子受体3、平足蛋白、淋巴管内皮透明质酸受体1的基因表达;Western blot检测骨髓原代巨噬细胞及主动脉中VEGFC的蛋白表达水平,ELISA检测小鼠血清中VEGFC水平,免疫荧光检测主动脉窦中VEGFC的表达,主动脉周围及心肌中淋巴管内皮透明质酸受体1的表达。结果与结论:①与对照组比较,转染7 d组小鼠血清VEGFC水平增加,主动脉及骨髓巨噬细胞中VEGFC、血管内皮细胞生长因子受体3、平足蛋白、淋巴管内皮透明质酸受体1的mRNA表达增高,骨髓巨噬细胞中VEGFC蛋白表达增高,主动脉窦斑块的VEGFC荧光强度增高(P<0.05,P<0.01);②转染rAAV9-SP146-C1-VEGFC的各组小鼠血清VEGFC水平随时间延长逐渐增加,在28 d时开始减少;主动脉及骨髓巨噬细胞中VEGFC、血管内皮细胞生长因子受体3、平足蛋白、淋巴管内皮透明质酸受体1的mRNA水平、骨髓巨噬细胞中VEGFC蛋白水平、主动脉窦斑块的VEGFC荧光强度、主动脉窦周围及心肌的淋巴管内皮透明质酸受体1荧光强度随着时间延长逐渐增加,其中主动脉淋巴管内皮透明质酸受体1的mRNA水平、主动脉窦周围及心肌的淋巴管内皮透明质酸受体1荧光强度在28 d时表达量最高(P<0.05),其余均在21 d时表达最高,28 d后逐渐减少(P<0.05)。结果表明,rAAV9-SP146-C1-VEGFC可有效转染动脉粥样硬化模型小鼠骨髓巨噬细胞,并促进淋巴管增生。

血清VEGF、CysC、RBP与慢性肾小球肾炎病理及预后的相关性分析

目的探讨血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(CysC)、视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)与慢性肾小球肾炎(CGN)病理及预后的相关性。方法选取2020年6月至2022年8月诊治的102例CGN患者作为研究对象(观察组),根据病理类型将观察组再分为系膜增生性肾炎(MSPGN)组(n=35)、系膜毛细血管性肾小球肾炎(MPGN)组(n=23)、膜性肾病(MN)组(n=27)、局灶节段性肾小球硬化(FSGS)组(n=17)。选取同期健康体检者(n=51)作为对照组。对比各组血清VEGF、CysC、RBP变化,采用Pearson法分析VEGF、CysC、RBP与病理积分的相关性。对所有患者随访12个月,根据其不同预后分为进展组(n=28)和无进展/缓解组(n=74)。采用多因素Cox风险回归分析VEGF、CysC、RBP对CGN患者预后的影响;采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析VEGF、CysC、RBP及3项联合预测CGN患者预后的曲线下面积(AUC)、灵敏度及特异度。结果观察组血清VEGF、CysC、RBP水平均高于对照组(P<0.05),且FSGS组VEGF、CysC水平高于其他3组(P<0.05),RBP水平高于MSPGN组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,VEGF、CysC、RBP水平与病理积分呈正相关(P<0.05)。进展组VEGF、CysC、RBP均高于无进展/缓解组(P<0.05)。多因素Cox风险回归分析显示,VEGF、CysC、RBP水平升高是影响CGN患者预后的危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,VEGF、CysC、RBP及3项联合预测CGN患者预后的AUC值分别为0.828、0.844、0.760、0.940(P<0.05);灵敏度分别为75.00%、71.40%、57.10%、89.30%;特异度分别为93.20%、93.20%、95.90%、89.20%。结论CGN患者血清VEGF、CysC、RBP水平升高,且与病理积分呈正相关,是影响患者预后的危险因素。

Epithelial membrane protein 1 negatively regulates cell growth and metastasis in colorectal carcinoma

AIM: To determine the expression and function of epithelial membrane protein 1 (EMP1) in colorectal carcinoma.

血管内皮生长因子调节蛋白激酶C表达对子宫内膜异位症间质细胞侵袭性的影响

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)调节蛋白激酶C(PKC)表达对子宫内膜异位症(EMs)间质细胞侵袭性的影响。方法收集因卵巢EMs行手术并经术后病理证实为EMs的20例患者在位及异位内膜组织,分为EMs在位内膜组及EMs异位内膜组,收集同期因其他卵巢良性肿瘤行手术的10例患者子宫内膜作为对照组,应用免疫组织化学染色法及Western blot法检测各组子宫内膜中VEGF及PKC蛋白表达情况;分离培养EMs在位内膜间质细胞与非EMs子宫内膜间质细胞,应用细胞免疫鉴定法鉴定间质细胞,应用免疫荧光染色法及Western blot法检测各组间质细胞中VEGF和PKC蛋白表达及定位情况;采用VEGF-siRNA转染EMs子宫内膜间质细胞,采用Western blot法检测沉默VEGF后EMs间质细胞的VEGF、PKC蛋白表达变化,采用Transwell法检测其侵袭性的变化。结果与对照组相比,EMs在位内膜组及EMs异位内膜组VEGF、PKC蛋白表达均升高,且EMs异位内膜组中的表达水平高于EMs在位内膜组(P均<0.01)。EMs子宫内膜间质细胞中VEGF蛋白、PKC蛋白荧光染色均能看到绿色荧光,VEGF蛋白在子宫内膜间质细胞质和细胞核中均有表达,而PKC蛋白主要表达在子宫内膜间质细胞质中。Western blot结果显示,与对照组相比,EMs组VEGF及PKC蛋白表达均升高(P均<0.001);培养72 h后siRNA转染效率最高;与si R-NC组比较,VEGF-siRNA转染后EMs间质细胞中VEGF、PKC蛋白表达水平均降低(P均<0.001);Transwell结果显示,与siR-NC组及空白对照组比较,VEGF-siRNA转染后,EMs间质细胞的侵袭细胞数减少(P均<0.001)。结论VEGF可能通过调节PKC蛋白表达,继而改变细胞侵袭活性,诱导EMs的发生和发展。

甲状腺乳头状癌患者Survivin和VEGF-C表达水平及在淋巴转移中的协同作用

目的 探讨甲状腺乳头状癌患者Survivin和血管内皮生长因子-C(vascular endothelial growth factor-c, VEGF-C)表达水平及其在淋巴转移中的协同作用。方法 前瞻性纳入2019年1月到2020年12月甲状腺乳头状癌患者86例为研究对象,入院时测量所有受试者Survivin和VEGF-C表达水平,采用Pearson相关系数分析Survivin和VEGF-C表达水平的相关性,后随访1年,根据患者是否发生淋巴转移分为转移组和非转移组;使用Logistic回归方程分析Survivin和VEGF-C表达水平对甲状腺乳头状癌患者淋巴转移的影响,绘制ROC曲线分析其预测效能。结果 86例甲状腺乳头状癌患者随访1年后,共7例失访,其中29例患者出现淋巴转移,为转移组,50例患者未出现淋巴转移,为未转移组。Survivin和VEGF-C表达水平转移组高于未转移组,Pearson相关系数分析显示Survivin与VEGF-C表达水平呈正相关(r=0.418,P<0.05);Logistic回归方程分析显示Survivin(OR=1.952)、VEGF-C(OR=1.790)高表达均为甲状腺乳头状癌患者淋巴转移的危险因素,ROC曲线分析显示Survivin和VEGF-C的曲线下面积分别为0.878、0.776。结论 甲状腺乳头状癌患者Survivin和VEGF-C表达水平呈正相关,且在促进甲状腺乳头状癌淋巴转移中起协同作用。

RAD51C表达下调对小鼠卵巢癌体内成瘤和VEGF、NRP-2表达的调控

目的探讨RAD51旁系同源基因C(RAD51C)表达下调对小鼠卵巢癌体内成瘤和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、神经纤毛蛋白-2(NRP-2)表达调控的影响。方法使用A2780卵巢癌细胞,通过培养检测细胞中RAD51C的表达,构建3种RAD51C干扰载体(SiRNA-47、SiRNA-183和SiRNA-285),并包装成慢病毒,转染细胞,逆转录实时定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-qPCR)验证转染效果,进行稳筛,构建稳转细胞株。使用Balb/c雌性裸鼠建立细胞系来源的异体移植肿瘤模型(CDX)模型,将18只建模成功的裸鼠分为3组:A2780细胞组(Control组)、A2780细胞+空载体对照组(NC组)、A2780细胞+RAD51C干扰组(Si-RAD51C组),每组各6只。Control组注射生理盐水,NC组注射空载慢病毒50μL,Si-RAD51C组注射RAD51C干扰慢病毒50μL。观察各组成瘤情况,取肿瘤组织,采用蛋白质印迹法(WB)、免疫组织化学检测RAD51C、VEGF、NRP-2蛋白表达情况。结果RT-qPCR验证RAD51C干扰慢病毒转染效果以SiRAN-285最明显(P<0.05)。Si-RAD51C组与Control组、NC组比较瘤体的体积最小、重量也最轻,且RAD51C、NRP-2及VEGF蛋白的表达显著降低(P<0.05)。结论RAD51C干扰慢病毒可抑制小鼠A2780卵巢癌细胞肿瘤的形成,且对RAD51C、NRP-2及VEGF蛋白的表达均有抑制作用。