A macro scale survey was performed to investigate the content of soil available nitrogen (N) and its spatial distribution in the main vegetable production areas of the Pearl River Delta.Preliminary enrichment-deficien...A macro scale survey was performed to investigate the content of soil available nitrogen (N) and its spatial distribution in the main vegetable production areas of the Pearl River Delta.Preliminary enrichment-deficient index of available N was then developed,which was a base for increasing fertilizer application efficiency and vegetable yield as well as for constructing soil testing and fertilizing formula.In general,most of the vegetable growth areas in Pearl River Delta were N-deficient or medium-N-deficient.There was 30%-62% increase in yield of Chinese cabbage on the N-deficient soil after application of N; when soil available N content was less than 145 mg/kg,the yield increased with application of N fertilizer at a rate of 60-70 kg/hm2.展开更多
Regional guidelines for soil heavy metals,in conjunction with specific crops,are proposed to better assess soil environmental quality.In this study,large amounts of soils with different levels of Pb/Cd/As pollution we...Regional guidelines for soil heavy metals,in conjunction with specific crops,are proposed to better assess soil environmental quality.In this study,large amounts of soils with different levels of Pb/Cd/As pollution were collected in Guangdong Province,China,to carry out a pot experiment,which was closer to the actual situation and properties of the heavy metal contaminated soils.Taking the widely planted vegetable pakchoi as the research object,we analyzed the correlations between the Pb/Cd/As concentrations in pakchoi and the total or available soil Pb/Cd/As concentrations and established their optimal regression equations.And then,the total and available soil Pb/Cd/As thresholds for pakchoi were calculated according to the allowable Pb/Cd/As limits in pakchoi and were compared with the current soil assessment standards.Furthermore,a lot of paired vegetable-soil samples in field were collected and their pollution situations were assessed by both the current limit thresholds and the calculated thresholds.Obviously,it was more consistent to assess the Cd and As pollution situation of the vegetable and soil samples with the calculated soil thresholds than the current soil assessment thresholds.It further proved that it was necessary to explore the soil heavy metal thresholds for safety of vegetable in specific regions,which would be more scientific and practical to guide safety production of local agricultural products and effective utilization of soil resources.展开更多
To assess phosphorus(P)status of forest soil under naturally restored vegetation,P fractions in the 10-cm soil layer were quantified at different successional stages on the clear-cut site of mixed broadleaved and Kore...To assess phosphorus(P)status of forest soil under naturally restored vegetation,P fractions in the 10-cm soil layer were quantified at different successional stages on the clear-cut site of mixed broadleaved and Korean pine forest.Four communities of shrub,softwood broad-leaved forest,softwood and hardwood broad-leaved forest,and hardwood broad-leaved forest represented different successional stages.A soil sample from a primary broad-leaved and Korean pine stand was the control.A sequential P fractionation scheme extracted empirically defined pools of P and path analysis used to partition the direct and indirect contribution of soil P fractions to available P.The results show that available P increased significantly with long-term succession,while both sodium bicarbonate-extractable P(NaHCO_(3)-P)and sodium hydroxide-extractable P(NaOHP)fractions were reduced in early successional stages and increased in late stages.Compared to the primary forest,concentrations of P fractions in the four stages significantly decreased except for HCl-P,indicating that soil P supplements over the long-term did not return to primary forest levels.The results of related analysis also showed that NaHCO_(3)-P_(i)levels were significantly related to available phosphorus.According to the path analysis coefficient,NaHCO_(3)-P_(i)exhibited the highest effect on available P among eight P fractions;the indirect effects of other P fractions via NaHCO_(3)-P_(i)were larger than those with other P fractions.Overall,this study suggests that soil P bioavailability gradually improved during natural vegetation restoration on clear-cut sites mainly through the increase of NaHCO_(3)-P,where phosphorous is immediately available,and subsequently available phosphorus Na OH-P.展开更多
Soil water deficit is increasingly threatening the sustainable vegetation restoration and ecological construction on the Loess Plateau of China due to the climate warming and human activities.To determine the response...Soil water deficit is increasingly threatening the sustainable vegetation restoration and ecological construction on the Loess Plateau of China due to the climate warming and human activities.To determine the response thresholds of Amygdalus pedunculata(AP)and Salix psammophila(SP)to soil water availability under different textural soils,we measured the changes in net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci),leaf water potential(ψw),water use efficiency(WUE)and daily transpiration rate(Td)of the two plant species during soil water content(SWC)decreased from 100%field capacity(FC)to 20%FC in the sandy and loamy soils on the Loess Plateau in the growing season from June to August in 2018.Results showed that Pn,Gs,WUE and Td of AP and SP remained relatively constant at the beginning of soil water deficit but decreased rapidly as plant available soil water content(PASWC)fell below the threshold values in both the sandy and loamy soils.The PASWC thresholds corresponding to Pn,Gs and Ci of AP in the loamy soil(0.61,0.62 and 0.70,respectively)were lower than those in the sandy soil(0.70,0.63 and 0.75,respectively),whereas the PASWC thresholds corresponding to Pn,Gs and Ci of SP in the loamy soil(0.63,0.68 and 0.78,respectively)were higher than those in the sandy soil(0.58,0.62 and 0.66,respectively).In addition,the PASWC thresholds in relation to Td and WUE of AP(0.60 and 0.58,respectively)and SP(0.62 and 0.60,respectively)in the loamy soil were higher than the corresponding PASWC thresholds of AP(0.58 and 0.52,respectively)and SP(0.55 and 0.56,respectively)in the sandy soil.Furthermore,the PASWC thresholds for the instantaneous gas exchange parameters(e.g.,Pn and Gs)at the transient scale were higher than the thresholds for the parameters(e.g.,Td)at the daily scale.Our study demonstrates that different plant species and/or different physiological parameters exhibit different thresholds of PASWC and that the thresholds are affected by soil texture.The result can provide guidance for the rational allocation and sustainable management of reforestation species under different soil conditions in the loess regions.展开更多
山东省是中国蔬菜的主要产区,常年蔬菜种植面积占全国的10%以上,设施蔬菜的面积占全国的近50%。1994-1997年山东设施蔬菜年平均施肥量达到N1351 kg hm^-2、P2O51701kg hm^-2和K20539.6kg hm^-2,在这段时间内施肥量逐年增加,2004...山东省是中国蔬菜的主要产区,常年蔬菜种植面积占全国的10%以上,设施蔬菜的面积占全国的近50%。1994-1997年山东设施蔬菜年平均施肥量达到N1351 kg hm^-2、P2O51701kg hm^-2和K20539.6kg hm^-2,在这段时间内施肥量逐年增加,2004年的施肥量与1997年相比氮肥和磷肥的用量有所减少,钾肥的用量有所增加,有机养分占总养分的比例明显增加。设施蔬菜土壤养分表观平衡为氮磷钾均盈余,且盈余量较大。设施蔬菜在大量施肥的情况下,肥料的利用率较低,1997年寿光设施蔬菜氮肥的表观利用率为21.33%,磷肥的表观利用率只有2.82%,钾肥的利用率较高达到61.34%。大棚蔬菜土壤pH值与露地相比有降低的趋势,土壤有机质含量高于露地土壤。山东省不同地区大棚土壤中碱解氮含量差异较大,以地处鲁西的德州最低,寿光的最高,平均达到205.4mgkg^-1。不同地区大棚土壤中有效磷含量差异很大,寿光设施蔬菜土壤中有效磷含量最高,平均为225.2mgkg^-1,土壤有效磷具有明显的积累效应,设施种植时间与土壤有效磷含量之间存在极显著的正相关性(r=0.550**,n=35)。土壤母质类型对土壤速效钾具有一定的影响,寿光设施蔬菜土壤中速效钾含量最高,平均为369.7mgkg^-1。土壤速效钾也具有明显的积累效应,设施种植时间与土壤速效钾含量之间具有极显著的正相关性(r=0.502**,n=35)。设施表层土壤中水溶性钙的含量平均为337.9mgkg^-1,土壤水溶性镁的含量平均为67.8mgkg^-1,明显高于露地土壤。设施蔬菜土壤中微量元素含量均高于露地土壤。展开更多
基金supported by the Special Financial Support Program on Agriculture Research of Public Welfare Industry (Grant No. nyhyzx07-007-6)Special Fund for the Guangdong Modern Agriculture Industrial System Construction(Guangdong Agriculture 2009-380)+2 种基金Guangdong Agriculture Brainstorm Project ( Grant No. 2008B021000045, 2009B 020202003)the National Science and Technology Support Program (Grant No.2007BAD89B14)Agriculture Brainstorm Project of Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong province(Grant No.2010-Z-82-1)
文摘A macro scale survey was performed to investigate the content of soil available nitrogen (N) and its spatial distribution in the main vegetable production areas of the Pearl River Delta.Preliminary enrichment-deficient index of available N was then developed,which was a base for increasing fertilizer application efficiency and vegetable yield as well as for constructing soil testing and fertilizing formula.In general,most of the vegetable growth areas in Pearl River Delta were N-deficient or medium-N-deficient.There was 30%-62% increase in yield of Chinese cabbage on the N-deficient soil after application of N; when soil available N content was less than 145 mg/kg,the yield increased with application of N fertilizer at a rate of 60-70 kg/hm2.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong,China (2015A030313571)the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Projects,China (2014A020208069 and 2013B020204001)the the Guangdong Provincial Agricultural Standardization Research Project for 2016,China (YCN[2016]310)
文摘Regional guidelines for soil heavy metals,in conjunction with specific crops,are proposed to better assess soil environmental quality.In this study,large amounts of soils with different levels of Pb/Cd/As pollution were collected in Guangdong Province,China,to carry out a pot experiment,which was closer to the actual situation and properties of the heavy metal contaminated soils.Taking the widely planted vegetable pakchoi as the research object,we analyzed the correlations between the Pb/Cd/As concentrations in pakchoi and the total or available soil Pb/Cd/As concentrations and established their optimal regression equations.And then,the total and available soil Pb/Cd/As thresholds for pakchoi were calculated according to the allowable Pb/Cd/As limits in pakchoi and were compared with the current soil assessment standards.Furthermore,a lot of paired vegetable-soil samples in field were collected and their pollution situations were assessed by both the current limit thresholds and the calculated thresholds.Obviously,it was more consistent to assess the Cd and As pollution situation of the vegetable and soil samples with the calculated soil thresholds than the current soil assessment thresholds.It further proved that it was necessary to explore the soil heavy metal thresholds for safety of vegetable in specific regions,which would be more scientific and practical to guide safety production of local agricultural products and effective utilization of soil resources.
基金supported by the National Forestry Industry Public Welfare Projects(grant number 201404202)。
文摘To assess phosphorus(P)status of forest soil under naturally restored vegetation,P fractions in the 10-cm soil layer were quantified at different successional stages on the clear-cut site of mixed broadleaved and Korean pine forest.Four communities of shrub,softwood broad-leaved forest,softwood and hardwood broad-leaved forest,and hardwood broad-leaved forest represented different successional stages.A soil sample from a primary broad-leaved and Korean pine stand was the control.A sequential P fractionation scheme extracted empirically defined pools of P and path analysis used to partition the direct and indirect contribution of soil P fractions to available P.The results show that available P increased significantly with long-term succession,while both sodium bicarbonate-extractable P(NaHCO_(3)-P)and sodium hydroxide-extractable P(NaOHP)fractions were reduced in early successional stages and increased in late stages.Compared to the primary forest,concentrations of P fractions in the four stages significantly decreased except for HCl-P,indicating that soil P supplements over the long-term did not return to primary forest levels.The results of related analysis also showed that NaHCO_(3)-P_(i)levels were significantly related to available phosphorus.According to the path analysis coefficient,NaHCO_(3)-P_(i)exhibited the highest effect on available P among eight P fractions;the indirect effects of other P fractions via NaHCO_(3)-P_(i)were larger than those with other P fractions.Overall,this study suggests that soil P bioavailability gradually improved during natural vegetation restoration on clear-cut sites mainly through the increase of NaHCO_(3)-P,where phosphorous is immediately available,and subsequently available phosphorus Na OH-P.
基金This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41601221)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016YFC0501605)+2 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2019052)the Bingwei Outstanding Young Talent Project from the Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences(2017RC203)the Scientific Research Program from the State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources(A314021402-2010)。
文摘Soil water deficit is increasingly threatening the sustainable vegetation restoration and ecological construction on the Loess Plateau of China due to the climate warming and human activities.To determine the response thresholds of Amygdalus pedunculata(AP)and Salix psammophila(SP)to soil water availability under different textural soils,we measured the changes in net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci),leaf water potential(ψw),water use efficiency(WUE)and daily transpiration rate(Td)of the two plant species during soil water content(SWC)decreased from 100%field capacity(FC)to 20%FC in the sandy and loamy soils on the Loess Plateau in the growing season from June to August in 2018.Results showed that Pn,Gs,WUE and Td of AP and SP remained relatively constant at the beginning of soil water deficit but decreased rapidly as plant available soil water content(PASWC)fell below the threshold values in both the sandy and loamy soils.The PASWC thresholds corresponding to Pn,Gs and Ci of AP in the loamy soil(0.61,0.62 and 0.70,respectively)were lower than those in the sandy soil(0.70,0.63 and 0.75,respectively),whereas the PASWC thresholds corresponding to Pn,Gs and Ci of SP in the loamy soil(0.63,0.68 and 0.78,respectively)were higher than those in the sandy soil(0.58,0.62 and 0.66,respectively).In addition,the PASWC thresholds in relation to Td and WUE of AP(0.60 and 0.58,respectively)and SP(0.62 and 0.60,respectively)in the loamy soil were higher than the corresponding PASWC thresholds of AP(0.58 and 0.52,respectively)and SP(0.55 and 0.56,respectively)in the sandy soil.Furthermore,the PASWC thresholds for the instantaneous gas exchange parameters(e.g.,Pn and Gs)at the transient scale were higher than the thresholds for the parameters(e.g.,Td)at the daily scale.Our study demonstrates that different plant species and/or different physiological parameters exhibit different thresholds of PASWC and that the thresholds are affected by soil texture.The result can provide guidance for the rational allocation and sustainable management of reforestation species under different soil conditions in the loess regions.
文摘山东省是中国蔬菜的主要产区,常年蔬菜种植面积占全国的10%以上,设施蔬菜的面积占全国的近50%。1994-1997年山东设施蔬菜年平均施肥量达到N1351 kg hm^-2、P2O51701kg hm^-2和K20539.6kg hm^-2,在这段时间内施肥量逐年增加,2004年的施肥量与1997年相比氮肥和磷肥的用量有所减少,钾肥的用量有所增加,有机养分占总养分的比例明显增加。设施蔬菜土壤养分表观平衡为氮磷钾均盈余,且盈余量较大。设施蔬菜在大量施肥的情况下,肥料的利用率较低,1997年寿光设施蔬菜氮肥的表观利用率为21.33%,磷肥的表观利用率只有2.82%,钾肥的利用率较高达到61.34%。大棚蔬菜土壤pH值与露地相比有降低的趋势,土壤有机质含量高于露地土壤。山东省不同地区大棚土壤中碱解氮含量差异较大,以地处鲁西的德州最低,寿光的最高,平均达到205.4mgkg^-1。不同地区大棚土壤中有效磷含量差异很大,寿光设施蔬菜土壤中有效磷含量最高,平均为225.2mgkg^-1,土壤有效磷具有明显的积累效应,设施种植时间与土壤有效磷含量之间存在极显著的正相关性(r=0.550**,n=35)。土壤母质类型对土壤速效钾具有一定的影响,寿光设施蔬菜土壤中速效钾含量最高,平均为369.7mgkg^-1。土壤速效钾也具有明显的积累效应,设施种植时间与土壤速效钾含量之间具有极显著的正相关性(r=0.502**,n=35)。设施表层土壤中水溶性钙的含量平均为337.9mgkg^-1,土壤水溶性镁的含量平均为67.8mgkg^-1,明显高于露地土壤。设施蔬菜土壤中微量元素含量均高于露地土壤。