GbLMI1 over-expression improves cotton aboveground vegetative growth

Leaves are the main organ for photosynthesis and organic synthesis in cotton.Leaf shape has important effects on photosynthetic efficiency and canopy formation,thereby affecting cotton yield.Previous studies have shown that LMI1(LATE MERISTEM IDENTITY1)is the main gene regulating leaf shape.In this study,the LMI1 gene was inserted into the 35S promoter expression vector,and cotton plants overexpressing LMI1(OE)were obtained through genetic transformation.Statistical analysis of the biological traits of the T_(1) and T_(2) populations showed that compared to the wild type(WT),OE plants had significantly larger leaves,thicker stems and significantly greater dry weight.Furthermore,plant sections of the main vein and petiole showed that the numbers of cells in those tissues of OE plants were significantly greater.In addition,RNA-seq analysis revealed the differential expression of genes related to gibberellin synthesis and NAC gene family(genes containing the NAC domain)between the OE and WT plants,suggesting that LMI1 is involved in secondary wall formation and cell proliferation,which promotes stem thickening.Moreover,Gene Ontology(GO)analysis revealed enrichment in the terms of calcium ion binding,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis showed enrichment in the terms of fatty acid degradation,phosphatidylinositol signal transduction system,and c AMP(cyclic adenosine monophosphate)signal pathway.These results suggested that LMI1 OE plants are responsive to gibberellin hormone signals,and have altered messenger signals(c AMP,Ca^(2+))which amplify this function,to promote stronger aboveground vegetative growth.This study found the LMI1 greatly increased the vegetative growth in cotton,which is the basic requirement for higher yield.

Evaluation of Compatibilizers for Improving Compatibility between Waste Vegetable Oil and Aged Asphalt

Modifying agents 2,2-Bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane(2BPE)and dibutyl phthalate(DBP)were selected to enhance the compatibility.By using molecular simulation software(Materials Studio,MS),nine systems were constructed,including molecular models of aged asphalt and WVO monomers with 2BPE and/or DBP.The solubility parameters,Flory-Huggins parameters,and interaction energies of these systems were calculated to determine the impact of 2BPE and DBP on the compatibility of WVO and aged asphalt.Results showed that the addition of 2BPE and DBP reduced the difference in the solubility parameters between WVO and aged asphalt,thus improving the compatibility between WVO and aged asphalt.Additionally,using a combination of 2BPE and DBP in both aged asphalt and rejuvenator was found to be more effective than using either 2BPE or DBP alone.Finally,it was determined that evaluating the compatibility of WVO and aged asphalt using Van der Waals potential and non-bonding energy as evaluation indicators was more accurate than using electrostatic potential energy.

Hypoglycemic Effect of Radix Et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae,Guixi Green Tea and Their Compatibility on Mice

[Objectives]To explore the hypoglycemic effect of Radix Et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae,Guixi green tea and their compatibility on mice,so as to provide more options for the adjuvant treatment of diabetes and improve the comprehensive utilization value of Guixi green tea.[Methods]After being fed adaptively for 7 d,60 SPF-grade male mice were intraperitoneally injected with alloxouracil(180 mg/kg)to induce hyperglycemia model,from which 35 mice with a successful model were selected.They were randomly divided into 5 groups(Danshen group,green tea group,compatible group,positive control group and blank control group),with 7 animals in each group.The mice in all groups were administered according to the dose of 200 mg/kg once a day for 15 d.After the last administration,their body weight was measured on the 15 th day after fasting for 12 h,and their fasting blood glucose was measured by tail clipping.[Results]After modeling,the mice in each group showed typical hyperglycemia symptoms,namely obvious polydipsia,polyphagia,polyuria and weight loss.Compared with the blank control group,Danshen group and green tea group had obvious hypoglycemic effect(P<0.05),and compatible group had significant hypoglycemic effect(P<0.01).Compared with the blank control group,the weight loss of diabetic mice could also be inhibited in green tea group and compatible group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Danshen,Guixi green tea and their compatibility had the effect of lowering blood sugar,among which the compatible group had the most obvious effect.

Effects of Radix Puerariae, Radix Rehmanniae and Their Compatibility on Blood Glucose and Blood Lipids in Mice

[Objectives]To explore the effects of the compatibility of Radix Puerariae and Radix Rehmanniae on blood glucose and blood lipids in diabetic mouses.[Methods]Diabetic mouse model was established.The body weight and fasting blood glucose of mice were measured after 7 and 14 d of administration,and the biochemical indicators of blood lipids(TC,HDL-C,and LDL-C)were detected after 14 d of administration.[Results]Compared with the Radix Puerariae group and Radix Rehmanniae group,the compatibility group(1:2)had the best hypoglycemic effect(P<0.05),and TC and LDL-C in the compatibility group(2:1)significantly decreased(P<0.05),while HDL-C in the compatibility group(1:1)significantly increased(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Radix Puerariae,Radix Rehmanniae and their combination can reduce the blood glucose of diabetic mice.The compatibility group(1:2)had a significant hypoglycemic effect(P<0.05),and LDL-C in the compatibility group(2:1)significantly declined,while HDL-C in the compatibility group(1:1)rose significantly.

Vegetative Compatibility and Asexual Recombination in Magnaporthe grisea from Jiangsu Province, China

Vegetative compatibility among isolates of different races in Magnaporthe grisea collected from Jiangsu Province and asexual recombination among compatible isolates by anastomosis were tested. Twenty isolates involving seven races from diseased rice plants were paired on polished rice rose bengal medium and incubated at 25℃ in darkness for 18 days. Among 173 pairings tested, solid hyphal fusion lines formed by anastomosis between 124 pairings, indicated that these isolates were vegetative compatible with each other. The result showed that most M. grisea isolates were vegetative compatible. Furthermore, 17 vegetative compatible pairings between monoconidial isolates with MBCsIPTr marker and isolates with MBCrIPTs marker were selected to detect the asexual recombination between the compatible isolates of different races. The asexual recombinants with MBCrIPTr marker were detected in single hyphal fragment progenies in thirteen of the seventeen pairings. The percentage of recombinants was about 0. 6 -11.3%. Results showed that vegetative compatibility was prevailing among isolates of M. grisea in Jiangsu Province in vitro. These results also suggested that asexual recombination may be an important mechanism for M. grisea to maintain genetic diversity in nature.

FvWRKY50 is an important gene that regulates both vegetative growth and reproductive growth in strawberry

The WRKY transcription factors play important roles in plant growth and resistance,but only a few members have been identified in strawberry.Here we identified a WRKY transcription factor,FvWRKY50,in diploid strawberry which played essential roles in strawberry vegetative growth,and reproductive growth.Knocking out FvWRKY50 by genome editing accelerated flowering time and leaf senescence but delayed anthocyanin accumulation in fruit.Further analysis showed that FvWRKY50 acted as a transcriptional repressor to negatively regulate the expression of flowering-and leaf senescence-related genes,including FvFT2,FvCO,FvFT3,and FvSAUR36.Notably,FvWRKY50 directly upregulated the expression of FvCHI and FvDFR by binding their promoter under normal conditions,but at low temperature FvWRKY50 was phosphorylated by FvMAPK3 and then induced protein degradation by ubiquitination,delaying anthocyanin accumulation.In addition,the homozygous mutant of FvWRKY50 was smaller while the biallelic mutant showed normal size.These new findings provide important clues for us to further reveal the regulatory mechanisms of strawberry growth and fruit ripening.

Rapid evolution of T2/S-RNase genes in Fragaria linked to multiple transitions from self-incompatibility to self-compatibility

The T2/RNase gene family is widespread in eukaryotes,and particular members of this family play critical roles in the gametophytic self-incompatibility(GSI) system in plants.Wild diploid strawberry(Fragaria)species have diversified their sexual systems via self-incompatible and self-compatible traits,yet how these traits evolved in Fragaria remains elusive.By integrating the published and de novo assembled genomes and the newly generated RNA-seq data,members of the RNase T2 gene family were systematically identified in six Fragaria species,including three self-incompatible species(Fragaria nipponica,Fragaria nubicola,and Fragaria viridis) and three self-compatible species(Fragaria nilgerrensis,Fragaria vesca,and Fragaria iinumae).In total,115 RNase T2 genes were identified in the six Fragaria genomes and can be classified into three classes(Ⅰ-Ⅲ) according to phylogenetic analysis.The identified RNase T2 genes could be divided into 22 homologous gene sets according to amino acid sequence similarity and phylogenetic and syntenic relationships.We found that extensive gene loss and pseudogenization coupled with small-scale duplications mainly accounted for variations in the RNase T2 gene numbers in Fragaria.Multiple copies of homologous genes were mainly generated from tandem and segmental duplication events.Furthermore,we newly identified five S-RNase genes in three self-incompatible Fragaria genomes,including two in F.nipponica,two in F.viridis,and one in F.nubicola,which fit for typical features of a pistil determinant,including highly pistil-specific expression,highly polymorphic proteins and alkaline isoelectric point(pI),while no S-RNase genes were found in all three selfcompatible Fragaria species.Surprisingly,these T2/S-RNase genes contain at least one large intron(>10 kb).This study revealed that the rapid evolution of T2/S-RNase genes within the Fragaria genus could be associated with its sexual mode,and repeated evolution of the self-compatible traits in Fragaria was convergent via losses of S-RNase.

Epidemiological Investigation of Brucellosis Spondylitis and Optimal Selection of Clinical Drug Compatibility, Treatment Course and Treatment Plan

Background: Brucellosis is a zoonotic endemic disease, the main source of infection is infected cattle, sheep, pigs and their products. In recent years, the global incidence of brucellosis spondylitis has increased year by year, and it has spread from pastoral areas to semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas, agricultural areas and cities. It has changed from a mainly occupational disease to a mainly food-borne disease, and it is also a zoonotic specific spinal infectious disease that WHO and governments around the world pay great attention to. Due to the low cure rate and high recurrence rate of traditional drug therapy regimen. Therefore, to carry out epidemiological investigation and Related research on clinical drug therapy of brucellosis spondylitis has practical significance for improving diagnosis rate, cure rate and reducing recurrence rate. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Brucellosis spondylitis and explore the choice of drugs and the best drug treatment plan, so as to provide scientific basis for improving the prevention and control of the disease and treatment effect. Methods: Clinical epidemiodogical materials were collected from 113 patients with brucellar spondylitis. All these patients were divided into 5 different groups according to 5 kinds of drugs adopted respectively, and then the patients were given different course of treatment. Results: In the 113 patients, brucellar spondylitis morbility of female patients were higher than that of male ones, and the morbility of Bashang were higher than that of Baxia. These patients were infected mainly through browsing and breeding beasts. Lumbars were the major focus of infection. It was very comnlon that two adjacent lumbars were involved in concurrently. L4 was the most common infection location and its demolishment was most serious. The curative effect of group treated with doxycycline was better than that of group treated without doxycycline. If the course of treatment Was increased, the curative effect Was not increased obviously. Conclusions: There are characteristic features in clinical epidemiology of brucell spondylitis. Doxycycline + Rifampicin + Sulfamethoxazole was used as the preferred antibiotic. Using antibiotics adequately and jointly by two courses of treatment for a long time is the most reasonable way to treat the disease and prevent the disease from recurrence.

Enhancing the compatibility of the amyloid-dye hybrid nanostructure for improved photo-biocatalysis

Artificial photosynthesis is significant for renewable energy generation,sustainable development,and environmental protection.Dye-protein hybrids are promising for developing photosynthesis mimics(e.g.,photo-biocatalysis),but their performances are far lower than the plant photosystems,partially because of the incompatibility between dye and the protein matrix that limits excited state electron transfer of the included dyes.Here,using ThT-insulin amyloid assembly as a model system,we proposed that increasing the dye-protein compatibility could lead to the improved photo-biocatalytic performance.A ThT derivative,ThTPD,was designed with the same electron acceptor but extended π-conjugated donor structure.When integrated into the insulin amyloid,the extended π-conjugated donor structure allowed increased binding affinity and energy with the amyloid matrix,thus better electron transport to the mediator to drive the photocatalytic reaction.Meanwhile,compared with ThT, ThTPD exhibited improved light absorption and longer excited state lifetime.The photo-biocatalytic performance of ThTPD-insulin amyloid was greatly improved as compared with that of ThT in reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH) regeneration.When integrating with NADH-dependent L-glutamate reductase,the efficiency of the ThTPD-insulin amyloid hybrid was 2.8-fold higher than that of ThT in glutamate generation,showing promising feature in biocatalytic solar-to-chemical conversion.

Seed Germination and Vegetative Propagation of Promising Decorative Lonicera tatarica L. (Caprifoliaceae Juss.), Introduced into the Tashkent Botanical Garden (Uzbekistan)

Seed germination (in laboratory and field conditions) and vegetative reproduction (by cuttings) of a promising decorative species—Lonicera tatarica L. (Caprifoliaceae Juss.) was studied for the first time in the conditions of introduction of the Tashkent Botanical Garden of Uzbekistan. Thus, the optimal temperature for germination of L. tatarica seeds in laboratory conditions is +20°C + 22°C, at which germination was 73%. The germination rate of seeds sown in autumn in the field was 62%, and the germination rate of seeds sown in spring was 71%. It was noted that in greenhouse conditions at an air temperature of 20°C - 22°C and a relative humidity of 49% - 53%, the rootability of cuttings was 75%. It was revealed that the studied species adapted well to the conditions of introduction. Taking into account the effectiveness of vegetative reproduction of L. tatarica, it can be recommended for improving the aesthetic condition and landscaping of cities, landscaping and landscape design.

Exploring the compatibility theory of traditional Chinese medicine formulae:the disassembled prescriptions study

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has become very popular in the treatment of complex diseases worldwide in recent decades.Despite the promising performance of TCM,how herbs work synergistically in a formula and their therapeutic targets remain ambiguous.This largely limits the correct use and modernization of TCM formulas clinically.The study of disassembled prescriptions is important for investigating the compatibility theory of Chinese medicines.By dissecting the mechanisms of TCM formulae,the compatibility principles of some well-known formulae,such as Realgar-Indigo naturalis,have been elucidated to a certain extent.In this review,several common methods of disassembled prescription studies are summarized,including those of single herb or mineral,sub-prescription,active ingredients or effective parts,large formulae,and systems pharmacology studies,as well as the methods of grouping based on the properties or efficacy of Chinese medicines,in order to provide evidence for formulae study.Moreover,some challenges to be addressed in disassembled prescriptions studies have been identified in this review.

Compatibility Rules of Prescriptions of Tibetan Medicine Polygonatum cirrhifolium Based on Data Mining

[Objectives]To study the prescription compatibility rules of the Tibetan medicine Polygonatum cirrhifolium(Polygonati Rhizoma,Huangjing)based on data mining,so as to provide data support for clinical application and new drug development.[Methods]Prescriptions containing Tibetan medicine Huangjing were collected from Tibetan Medicine Prescriptions Encyclopedia and Tibetan Medicine Classic Literature Collection.The Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Computing System(TCMICS 3.0)and R version 4.1.3 were used to mine and analyze the compatibility rules of prescriptions containing Tibetan medicinal material Huangjing,the rules of medication for high-frequency diseases,and the association rules of various medicinal materials.[Results]A total of 124 prescriptions were collected from the classic literature of Tibetan medicine,and the frequency statistical analysis showed that drugs compatible with Huangjing(≥15)included Tianmendong(Root of Cochinchinese Asparagus)(80),Mirabilis himalaica(Edgew.)Heimerl(Himalayan purple jasmine)(72),Jili(Tribuli Fructus)(70),Tibetan Aoruqin(Vicatia coniifolia)(58),Baidoukou(Round Cardamom Fruit)(47),Hezi(Chebulae Fructus)(45),Shouzhangshen(Rhizome of Conic Gymnadenia)(28),Yuganzi(Phyllanthi Fructus)(26),Pomegranate(25),Maohezi(Terminaliae Belliricae Fructus)(24),Zicaorong(Lacca)(23),Rougui(Cinnamomi Cortex)(15).The main diseases were yellow water disease(20),gynecological diseases(19),kidney cold disease(17),and other Tibetan medicine diseases.Association rule analysis showed that the drug combinations with the highest frequency were Huangjing—Tianmendong,Huangjing—Himalayan purple jasmine,and Huangjing—Jili.[Conclusions]The frequency of combined use of Tibetan medicine Huangjing with dry yellow water,tonifying kidney and diuresis,nourishing health,and treating gynecological diseases is relatively high.

2023年蔬菜市场形势分析和2024年展望

蔬菜是重要“菜篮子”农产品之一。2023年,蔬菜市场价格总体基本符合常年季节性波动规律,偏高位运行,夏季菜价跌幅不明显。受多次寒潮和补偿性上涨因素影响,预计冬春菜价上行较往年明显,春节后可能保持高位运行一段时间。考虑到2023年菜价整体偏高,在田面积同比增加,大白菜、萝卜等耐贮蔬菜供大于求,北方设施蔬菜和“南菜北运”蔬菜上市稳健,部分产区寒潮受灾但恢复供应的可能性大,预计2024年春季蔬菜供应总体有保障。总体看,在蔬菜供给总量宽松、结构调优的背景下,建议加快发展特色蔬菜,优化布局设施蔬菜,推进绿色转型,稳定供应链,升级产业链,充分发挥蔬菜产业促进乡村振兴的重要作用。

Compatibility Rules of Prescriptions of Tibetan Medicinal Material Mirabilis himalaica(Edgew.)Heimerl Based on Data Mining

[Objectives]To study the prescription compatibility rules of the Tibetan medicinal material Mirabilis himalaica(Edgew.)Heimerl(Himalayan purple jasmine)based on data mining,and to provide reference for clinical application and new drug development.[Methods]The literature data were collected and the prescriptions containing Himalayan purple jasmine were sorted and classified by Microsoft Excel 2019 software.The Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Computing System(TCMICS 3.0)was used to statistically analyze the high-frequency drugs and core drug combinations,the frequency of disease treatment,and the rules of"tastes transforming flavors"of drugs.The FP-tree algorithm was used to analyze the association rules among various Tibetan medicinal materials in the prescriptions,and different supports were set to analyze the compatibility rules of the prescriptions.[Results]There were a total of 129 prescriptions containing Himalayan purple jasmine,297 medicinal materials used in combination with it,and 34 Tibetan medicinal materials with a frequency of≥15.The medicinal flavors were mostly sweet,bitter,and pungent.Among the three flavors,bitterness and sweetness were the majority.At the same time,the medicinal properties were blunt,soft,cool,and warm.A total of 130 kinds of diseases were involved,among which 8 kinds of diseases such as gynecology,kidney cold and yellow water disease had a high frequency.Through association rule analysis,33 commonly used core drug combinations were obtained.The support,confidence,and frequency of the five drug combinations[Jili(Tribuli Fructus),Huangjing(Polygonati Rhizoma),Tianmendong(Root of Cochinchinese Asparagus),and Tibetan Aoruqin(Vicatia coniifolia)]→Himalayan purple jasmine were the basic prescription of Tibetan medicine Wudagen Powder.The drug combinations with higher confidence included Bibo(Piperis Longi Fructus)→Himalayan purple jasmine,Pomegranate(Punica granatum→Himalayan purple jasmine,Baidoukou(Round Cardamom Fruit)→Himalayan purple jasmine,Hezi(Chebulae Fructus)→Himalayan purple jasmine.Jili(Tribuli Fructus)→Himalayan purple jasmine,Huangjing(Polygonati Rhizoma)→Himalayan purple jasmine and Tianmendong(Root of Cochinchinese Asparagus)→Himalayan purple jasmine had highest frequency.[Conclusions]Through the TCMICS,this paper analyzed the compatibility rules of commonly used drugs containing Himalayan purple jasmine and the characteristics of the main diseases.It can be seen that Himalayan purple jasmine is sweet in taste and warm in nature.It assists sovereign drugs in the form of ministerial drugs,which enhances the effect of regulating"long"and nourishing,and plays the role of regulating"long",dispelling cold,and reconciling various drugs,which embodies the compatibility rules of sovereign and ministerial drugs of Tibetan medicines.The main diseases of Himalayan purple jasmine are related to"long"regulation,and it is mostly used in the treatment of gynecological diseases after being combined with other drugs to form a prescription.Most drugs in the prescriptions are sweet,which is the therapeutic principle of regulating"long"and nourishing,and verifies the scientific and rational principle of clinical use of Tibetan medicine.In the prescription,the medicinal properties include both warm and cool,and the medicinal taste is sweet and bitter,which is in line with the compatibility theory of"tastes transforming flavors"in traditional Tibetan medicine prescriptions.

Compatibility mechanism of Chinese medicine formula:state of the art and perspectives

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been practiced in China and surrounding countries for thousands of years and has gradually attracted the attention of Western countries.After reasonable compatibility,TCMs could play the key role of enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity,which has significant therapeutic advantages in the treatment of complex diseases in clinical practice.While the TCM compatibility is not the simple addition of drugs.Under the appropriate dosage ratio,multiple TCMs can play a synergistic role to realize the overall regulation of TCM treatment.Therefore,it is of critical essential to study the compatibility of TCM formula to promote TCM modernization,new drug development and clinical application.Recently,under the guidance of TCM theory,many researches on the composition,pharmacodynamic activity and pharmacokinetic properties of TCM formula have emerged by integrating new technologies and new methods,revealing the scientific connotation of the compatibility of TCM formula from different perspectives and levels.This paper introduces the research progress of compatibility rules from different levels of compatibility,compatibility for synergistic enhancement and detoxification,and application of cutting-edge technology,with representative cases,in order to provide ideas and references for further study on TCM compatibility.

Classification of vegetative types in Changbai Mountain based on optical and microwave remote sensing data

Highly accurate vegetative type distribution information is of great significance for forestry resource monitoring and management.In order to improve the classification accuracy of forest types,Sentinel-1 and 2 data of Changbai Mountain protection development zone were selected,and combined with DEM to construct a multi-featured random forest type classification model incorporating fusing intensity,texture,spectral,vegetation index and topography information and using random forest Gini index(GI)for optimization.The overall accuracy of classification was 94.60%and the Kappa coefficient was 0.933.Comparing the classification results before and after feature optimization,it shows that feature optimization has a greater impact on the classification accuracy.Comparing the classification results of random forest,maximum likelihood method and CART decision tree under the same conditions,it shows that the random forest has a higher performance and can be applied to forestry research work such as forest resource survey and monitoring.

中国传统发酵蔬菜中微生物多样性及其对品质形成影响研究进展

中国传统发酵蔬菜是以新鲜蔬菜为原料,通过微生物代谢和一系列化学反应而制成的发酵制品。在发酵过程中,微生物群落结构复杂,不同阶段的优势微生物发挥的作用不同,对发酵蔬菜品质、风味及安全性都有很大的影响。基于此,本文综述了中国传统发酵蔬菜中微生物多样性对发酵蔬菜品质、风味及安全性的影响,以及影响微生物多样性的非生物因素,旨在为提升发酵蔬菜品质及安全性提供理论依据。

设施蔬菜产业发展(五) 我国老旧蔬菜设施现状、问题及改造提升对策建议

目前我国正在加快建设现代设施农业,推进老旧蔬菜设施改造升级,促进设施蔬菜产业的高质量发展。但是对老旧设施的现状和存在问题缺乏系统梳理,对如何破解改造工作面临的困难和提升改造对策缺乏系统研究。通过调研我国主要设施蔬菜产区,总结老旧设施现状及存在的主要问题,分析推进改造提升的主要制约因素,并提出明确工作重点、优化设施结构、完善工作机制、增强条件保障等方面的对策建议。

东山湾海马齿嫩茎和嫩叶的营养成分分析与评价

[目的]分析福建省东山湾鱼类网箱养殖区的海马齿(Sesuvium portulacastrum)可食用部位的营养成分与品质.[方法]采用国标法检测海马齿嫩茎、嫩叶和嫩茎叶的主要营养成分、维生素含量和氨基酸组成,采用氨基酸评分(AAS)、氨基酸比值系数分(SRCAA)和必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)进行氨基酸评价.[结果]海马齿嫩茎叶的水分、蛋白质、可溶性糖、粗灰分和粗纤维质量分数分别为90.87%,8.75%,3.29%,2.72%和1.18%,嫩茎的粗灰分和粗纤维质量分数显著高于嫩叶(P<0.05),而嫩叶的水分和蛋白质质量分数显著高于嫩茎(P<0.05).海马齿嫩茎叶的维生素A、维生素B_(2)、维生素C和β-胡萝卜素质量分数分别为0.028,0.049,10.992和1.090 mg/100 g,其在嫩叶中的质量分数分别是嫩茎中的3.27,2.31,2.05和7.14倍.海马齿嫩茎和嫩叶均能测出17种氨基酸,以谷氨酸质量分数最高,而胱氨酸质量分数最低;嫩茎叶的总氨基酸质量分数为1.241%,必需氨基酸、药用氨基酸和甜味氨基酸分别占氨基酸总质量的35%,63%和31%;除脯氨酸、胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸外,嫩叶的14种氨基酸质量分数均显著高于嫩茎(P<0.05).氨基酸评价结果显示,海马齿各部位氨基酸种类齐全,比例分配良好,蛋白质营养价值高,嫩茎的SRCAA和EAAI均高于嫩叶.[结论]经比较,海马齿的营养价值不亚于商业化海水蔬菜北美海蓬子(Salicornia bigelovii)以及福建省常见食用海藻兼鲍饵料如龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)和海带(Laminaria japonica),其含有更多的蛋白质和粗纤维,且SRCAA和EAAI评分更高,可为海马齿作为新型海水蔬菜、鲍饵料开发利用以及“鱼菜共生”养殖模式的推广提供参考.

蒲公英、忍冬藤抗菌活性组分及配伍研究

为了探寻蒲公英和忍冬藤高效抗菌活性组分及其配伍活性,试验以蒲公英和忍冬藤为研究对象,通过70%乙醇提取、大孔树脂D101柱层析和抗菌活性跟踪相结合的方式优选各自的高效抗菌活性组分,并对这些组分进行总黄酮、有机酸和多酚含量分析和活性配伍研究。结果表明蒲公英和忍冬藤的高效抗菌活性组分分离工艺为:先用70%乙醇回流提取,浓缩后用大孔树脂D101柱层析,70%或50%乙醇洗脱部位即为它们的高效抗菌活性组分。这些组分对9种供试病原菌都具有较强的广谱抗菌性,蒲公英的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)分别约为1.95 mg/mL和15.63 mg/mL,忍冬藤的MIC和MBC分别约为1.95 mg/mL和31.25 mg/mL。且含量分析显示,蒲公英高效抗菌活性组分黄酮和多酚含量相对较高,忍冬藤高效抗菌活性组分多酚含量相对较高。配伍研究发现,当蒲公英高效抗菌活性部位与少量忍冬藤水洗脱部位(16∶1~4∶1)或其高效抗菌部位(16∶1~1∶1)配伍使用时,对部分供试菌的抗菌活性存在一定的相加作用。说明所得的蒲公英和忍冬藤高效抗菌活性组分提取分离工艺简单、易得,广谱抗菌作用强,合适的配伍使用可以实现更好的抗菌作用。