Empirical decay relationship between ionic conductivity and porosity of garnet type inorganic solid-state electrolytes

Ionic conductivity is one of the crucial parameters for inorganic solid-state electrolytes.To explore the relationship between porosity and ionic conductivity,a series of Li_(6.4)Ga_(0.2)La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12) garnet type solid-state electrolytes with different porosities were prepared via solid-state reaction.Based on the quantified data,an empirical decay relationship was summarized and discussed by means of mathematical model and dimensional analysis method.It suggests that open porosity causes ionic conductivity to decrease exponentially.The pre-exponential factor obeys the Arrhenius Law quite well with the activation energy of 0.23 eV,and the decay constant is averaged to be 2.62%.While the closed porosity causes ionic conductivity to decrease linearly.The slope and intercept of this linear pattern also obey the Arrhenius Law and the activation energies are 0.24 and 0.27 eV,respectively.Moreover,the total porosity is linearly dependent on the open porosity,and different sintering conditions will lead to different linear patterns with different slopes and intercepts.

Relationships between moment magnitude and fault parameters:theoretical and semi-empirical relationships

Fault parameters are important in earthquake hazard analysis.In this paper,theoretical relationships between moment magnitude and fault parameters including subsurface rupture length,downdip rupture width,rupture area,and average slip over the fault surface are deduced based on seismological theory.These theoretical relationships are further simplified by applying similarity conditions and an unique form is established.Then,combining the simplified theoretical relationships between moment magnitude and fault parameters with seismic source data selected in this study,a practical semi-empirical relationship is established.The seismic source data selected is also to used to derive empirical relationships between moment magnitude and fault parameters by the ordinary least square regression method.Comparisons between semi-empirical relationships and empirical relationships show that the former depict distribution trends of data better than the latter.It is also observed that downdip rupture widths of strike slip faults are saturated when moment magnitude is more than 7.0,but downdip rupture widths of dip slip faults are not saturated in the molnent magnitude rangcs of this study.

Multi-scale spatial relationships between soil total nitrogen and influencing factors in a basin landscape based on multivariate empirical mode decomposition

The relationships between soil total nitrogen(STN)and influencing factors are scale-dependent.The objective of this study was to identify the multi-scale spatial relationships of STN with selected environmental factors(elevation,slope and topographic wetness index),intrinsic soil factors(soil bulk density,sand content,silt content,and clay content)and combined environmental factors(including the first two principal components(PC1 and PC2)of the Vis-NIR soil spectra)along three sampling transects located at the upstream,midstream and downstream of Taiyuan Basin on the Chinese Loess Plateau.We separated the multivariate data series of STN and influencing factors at each transect into six intrinsic mode functions(IMFs)and one residue by multivariate empirical mode decomposition(MEMD).Meanwhile,we obtained the predicted equations of STN based on MEMD by stepwise multiple linear regression(SMLR).The results indicated that the dominant scales of explained variance in STN were at scale 995 m for transect 1,at scales 956 and 8852 m for transect 2,and at scales 972,5716 and 12,317 m for transect 3.Multi-scale correlation coefficients between STN and influencing factors were less significant in transect 3 than in transects 1 and 2.The goodness of fit root mean square error(RMSE),normalized root mean square error(NRMSE),and coefficient of determination(R2)indicated that the prediction of STN at the sampling scale by summing all of the predicted IMFs and residue was more accurate than that by SMLR directly.Therefore,the multi-scale method of MEMD has a good potential in characterizing the multi-scale spatial relationships between STN and influencing factors at the basin landscape scale.

The Hierarchy Model of Seismicity:Its Empirical Relationships and Fractal Natures

Starting from a simple hierarchy model of seismicity,some empirical relationships of seismicity and the fractal natures of its time and space and of the source size of earthquakes have been derived in this paper.From the results,some conclusions can be drawn as follows.First,the coefficient b in the Gutenberg-Richter relationship is equal to 2bt where bt is the coefficient in the empirical relationship between the magnitude and average epicentral distance,and b is also equal to the coefficient bi in the empirical relationship between the magnitude and average time interval.Second,the fractal dimension values of the average epicentral distance,the average time interval,and the source size are 2,1,and 26,respectively.

An Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting Mentoring Relationship between Supervisor and Postgraduate

The mentoring relationship between supervisor and postgraduate is crucially important to ensure the quality of education for postgraduates.In this paper,factors affecting the mentoring relationship were investigated by a binary logit model using data collected from 345 postgraduates.In addition,marginal effects were introduced to quantify the effects of factors on mentoring relationship.A total of 11 factors were found to be significant,and four of them could increase the risk of supervisor-postgraduate conflict,while the remaining seven factors could decrease the risk of supervisor-postgraduate conflict.Findings from this study can help better understand the mechanism of supervisor-postgraduate conflicts and develop effective countermeasures.

Empirical Analysis of Object-Oriented Design Metrics for Predicting Unit Testing Effort of Classes

In this paper, we investigate empirically the relationship between object-oriented design metrics and testability of classes. We address testability from the point of view of unit testing effort. We collected data from three open source Java software systems for which JUnit test cases exist. To capture the testing effort of classes, we used metrics to quantify the corresponding JUnit test cases. Classes were classified, according to the required unit testing effort, in two categories: high and low. In order to evaluate the relationship between object-oriented design metrics and unit testing effort of classes, we used logistic regression methods. We used the univariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate the individual effect of each metric on the unit testing effort of classes. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the combined effect of the metrics. The performance of the prediction models was evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis. The results indicate that: 1) complexity, size, cohesion and (to some extent) coupling were found significant predictors of the unit testing effort of classes and 2) multivariate regression models based on object-oriented design metrics are able to accurately predict the unit testing effort of classes.

考虑截面规则性的柱状节理岩体变形及强度特性研究

柱状节理岩体的复杂结构使其现场力学参数的确定存在困难,可靠地估计柱状节理岩体强度及变形特性对工程安全至关重要。结合Voronoi图形及3D打印技术制作不规则柱状节理岩体光敏树脂模具,并制备了具有不同倾角的规则及不规则柱状节理岩体试样。基于开展的单轴压缩试验结果,分析不同截面柱状节理岩体的变形及强度特性差异。根据试样最终破坏形态,揭示柱状节理岩体破坏模式及机制。结合已有研究结果,描述节理面材料对柱状节理岩体破坏形态及强度的影响。基于传统节理系数方法,提出了更能反映柱状节理岩体柱体结构特征的修正节理系数方法。采用修正节理系数法建立规则及不规则柱状节理岩体试验结果与现场变形及强度参数间的经验关系,将所提出计算公式应用于白鹤滩水电站工程,预测结果与现场实测值及RMR法(RMR为岩石质量评分指标)、Q法(Q为岩体质量指标)的预测值进行比较。结果表明,对于现场变形和强度参数,所提出的修正节理系数法的预测结果与现场实测结果较为吻合。

全球M W≥7.0强震震级与断层滑动尺度的关系

分类统计USGS 1990~2023年期间全球范围内195次M W≥7.0强震的有限断层模型,采用最小二乘拟合方法得到矩震级M W与断层破裂长度RL(rupture length)、宽度RW(rupture width)和主破裂面积RA(rupture area)之间新的经验关系式。以走滑、逆冲和正断型地震为例,利用新的经验关系式分别给出不同断层类型的几何参数,在此基础上计算同震库仑应力变化。结果显示,计算得到的应力增强和减弱的区域分布与利用实际震源破裂模型计算的结果基本一致,证明了新关系式的有效性。

医务人员视角下医患心理契约对医患关系影响研究

目的:基于医务人员视角,探究医患心理契约对医患关系的影响。方法:采用修订的医患心理契约量表和医患关系量表(DDPRQ-10)进行问卷调查,运用描述性统计分析、相关分析和多元线性回归分析等对有效样本量进行分析。结果:相关分析显示,医患心理契约和医患关系存在显著相关关系,医患心理契约各维度和医患关系也存在显著相关关系;回归结果显示,发展责任维度对医患关系的影响差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:建议提升公众健康素养、提升诊疗质量和落地叙事医学实践,增强医患间的心理契约,从而改善医患关系。

东北地区新民夏季雨滴谱特征

以辽宁省新民气候基准站的降水现象仪观测数据为基础,研究我国东北地区新民夏季不同雨强及不同降雨类型的雨滴谱特征,并与其他地区进行对比。结果表明:新民雨强越大谱宽越宽,雨强大于20 mm·h^(-1)的雨滴谱谱宽接近8 mm,降雨以小雨滴为主,但中等雨滴对雨量的贡献最大。对流云降雨为典型的大陆型对流,以雨滴的直径较大而数浓度较低为特点,质量加权平均直径Dm的平均值为2.14 mm,标准化截距lgN_(w)的平均值为3.40。拟合的μ-Λ关系与其他地区采用PARSIVEL雨滴谱仪数据拟合的μ-Λ经验关系接近,而与采用二维视频雨滴谱仪(2DVD)数据拟合的μ-Λ关系差异较大。与华东、华北地区相比,东北地区新民D_(m)(lgN_(w))的平均值更大(小),拟合的对流云降雨Z-R关系的指数更大。

聚合物pVT关系状态方程

聚合物的比体积(V)随压力(p)和温度(T)的变化过程主要通过聚合物的压力-比体积-温度(pVT)关系状态方程(EOS)进行描述。聚合物pVT关系状态方程可用作计算一定温度和压力条件下,聚合物的比体积,是研究聚合物相态演变及物质掺混分离规律的重要依据,也是高分子物理和聚合物加工模拟计算必不可少的模型之一。采用理论/半理论和经验方法建立了不同类型及特点的聚合物pVT关系状态方程,根据应用的不同需求而存在显著差别。随着高分子领域数字化智能化的发展,研究并建立了具有适用性和高预测精度的聚合物pVT关系状态方程,对新聚合物材料的开发和新型聚合物加工方法的建立具有重要意义。

低温风洞管翅式换热器上水室排空残留水层干燥速率试验研究

为解决低温风洞内管翅式换热器自重排水后上水室残留5 mm水层在风洞低温工况下的冻结问题,在管内、管外热风温度均为40~70℃、入口风速为2.78~10.56 m/s的条件下,对椭圆管和铝扁管两种管翅式换热器自重排水后上水室残留水层进行干燥试验研究,对比分析了管内热风与管外热风干燥方法对两种换热器干燥速率的影响。结果表明:铝扁管换热器干燥速率更快,管外热风干燥方法干燥速率更快,换热器干燥时间随着入口风速的增加而缩短,入口风速10.56 m/s相比2.78 m/s,干燥时间节约50.75%。通过试验数据拟合干燥速率经验关系式,其拟合结果与试验测量值平均误差小于6.1%,对低温风洞内管翅式换热器热风干燥速率有较好的预测能力。

4世纪中后期基督教会的发展与晚期罗马帝国政教关系

4世纪中后期,基督教会与罗马帝国皇帝的关系形成新的平衡,教会与皇帝之间形成了依赖彼此、相互支持,又各自相对独立的新关系。皇帝支持教会扩大影响力、维护教会的既得利益,在与多神教的争斗中与基督徒站在同一阵营,而教会则在风云变幻的局势中支持皇帝,当皇位不稳固或战争爆发时教会利用宗教影响为皇帝助力。这种相互依存又彼此独立的关系,是罗马历史发展趋势与政治局势相互影响的产物,具有较强的生命力,对后世欧洲政教关系的发展产生了深远影响。

基于产状Fisher分布的岩石节理最小样本容量确定方法

节理产状是影响岩体结构及其工程性质的关键参数之一,因此准确计算节理的平均产状是岩体工程性质研究的基础。由于节理产状的离散性,合理确定节理的最小样本容量对于计算节理组的平均产状具有重要意义。基于Fisher分布,阐释了节理产状随机数的生成方法,提出一种考虑“超越上半球投影产状”(OEBEUHP)的平均产状计算方法。随机生成不同数量、不同κ值的Fisher分布产状来研究节理样本容量对平均产状准确性的影响,在保证准确率不低于0.95的情况下,建立了最小样本容量与Fisher分布常数κ值的经验关系。研究结果表明:节理样本容量对平均产状的统计准确性影响显著,样本容量越大,平均产状的统计准确率越高;最小样本容量与κ值呈明显的反比例关系,反比例系数为1 007.23。通过对三峡地下厂房上游边墙和乌东德水电站平洞PD5-2节理的统计分析,验证了该经验关系的适用性,能够有效指导节理产状的采样工作。

Under the Brand Based on the Relationship between the Fracture and Adjourned Perspective Pehchaolin Brand Recovery

This paper is mainly based on the relationship between the fractures and adjourned the brand perspective, it chooses classic domestics Pehchaolin skin care brand for study. On the basis of the relevant theoretical literature review on the use of empirical analysis methods for the recovery of Pehchaolin brands were analyzed to construct the Pehchaolin brand adjourned intention factors model and validate the model based on the data. Finally, based on the above analysis, some of China＇ s old brand development makes appropriate recommendations and marketing strategies.

生态环境与乡村居民生活关系的实证研究:2002—2021

选取5个一级指标和14个二级指标对2002—2021年中国乡村生态环境进行因子分析,结果显示:从2002年到2011年,乡村生态环境较差,从2012年到2021年,乡村生态环境逐渐改善。格兰杰因果关系检验结果显示,现阶段乡村居民生活水平是乡村生态环境的单向格兰杰原因,当前阶段中国经济发展能促进乡村生态环境改善,这符合经济发展过程中人与自然的关系。

古地震事件震级或强度大小限定的讨论

震级是表征地震能量大小的重要参数,但在古地震研究中,由于难以精确给定与地震矩紧密相关的破裂参数,故而无法直接计算事件的震级大小。研究者通常假定事件序列为震级相似的特征地震,或基于震级已知的历史地震地表破裂参数获取经验关系来进行震级估算。但已有研究表明特征地震的假设过于简化,而利用经验关系估算震级的方法也受限于各种误差,因此亟需探索新方法以提升古地震事件震级或规模大小评估的合理性。近年来,三维组合探槽的成功应用表明探槽内蕴含着丰富的事件变形信息,进而证实了在探槽内评估事件规模大小的可行性。基于此,文章以阿尔金断裂铜矿探槽为例,利用探槽揭示的事件变形强度,包括垂向位移量、变形带宽度和裂缝总拉张量,来评估事件序列的规模。数据分析结果表明,事件变形强度参数与震级相对大小具有一定的正相关性,且各参数之间也呈现部分相关性。因此,探槽中事件变形强度信息可以判断事件震级的相对大小,充分挖掘探槽内的事件变形信息可为合理评估古地震事件的震级提供借鉴和参考,在古地震研究中应加以重视。

中国城镇居民消费结构与体育产业结构协调度研究

居民消费结构与体育产业结构的协调是我国体育产业构建双循环格局、深化供给侧结构性改革的关键着力点。运用和谐理论,通过协调度的分析方法,对我国城镇居民消费结构与体育产业结构协调度进行实证分析。研究表明:我国城镇居民消费结构与体育产业结构总体上存在一种动态协调关系;我国城镇居民消费结构中各类消费支出同体育产业内部3个细分产业之间的相互作用呈增强态势,但是未形成长期均衡协调关系;我国城镇居民消费结构中的各类消费支出与体育产业内部3个细分产业存在最优均衡协调比例;我国城镇居民消费结构与体育产业结构的协调度在2006—2020年整体走势呈波动性下降趋势,其中:在2013—2016年处于基本协调状态,协调度在2016—2020年持续下降,其余年份均处于协调状态。协调度在2016—2020年持续下降,说明需要向纵深推进体育产业供给侧结构性改革,提高体育产品及服务的供给能力,以适应居民消费结构升级。据此提出我国体育产业结构优化策略:1)以体育服务消费为突破口,推动体育服务提质升级;2)以体育消费新平台和新场景为载体,推动体育场地及设施转型发展;3)以智能体育用品制造、体育产品与服务数字化消费为抓手,推动体育用品制造业转型升级。

国家公园视觉景观评估实证研究趋势、进展和应用

保护与共享背景下,开展视觉景观评估有助于理解国家公园中复杂动态的人地关系,对于区域可持续发展至关重要。为了解国内外视觉景观评估研究现状,利用系统性综述法提取63篇高质量文献关键信息,通过初步统计、信息分类和皮尔逊相关分析,提供关于国家公园视觉景观评估实证研究的最佳证据,并对景观关系、评估体系和支持决策提出建议。结果表明:(1)该领域整体发展较慢但呈上升趋势,中国建立国家公园体制对该领域研究贡献突出;(2)研究动机来自人地矛盾问题、人地和谐需求和人地协调战略;(3)主题概念多元化但在美学维度上存在风景与生态的区别,并依托美学延伸至整个景观领域;(4)方法学趋于智能化和数字化,但有待突破技术限制;(5)国家公园保护、规划和管理应分别重视公众感知、专家知识和综合方法的应用。

“双碳”目标下中国对外贸易绿色低碳发展路径及政策优化研究

随着全球气候变化的威胁日益严峻,中国在实现“双碳”目标过程中,对外贸易的绿色低碳发展成为焦点。以“双碳”目标下中国对外贸易绿色低碳发展路径及政策优化为核心,梳理相关概念,对全球绿色低碳技术发展形势进行分析,论证中国出口贸易与碳排放关系实证,提出了一系列的对策。首先,需要合理控制化石能源消费,加速推进清洁能源转型,以减少碳排放并构建清洁、低碳、安全、高效的能源体系。其次,财税、金融和投资政策体系的完善对于促进绿色低碳发展至关重要。在此基础上,应建立绿色低碳贸易标准,逐步健全碳排放权交易市场,以确保绿色低碳产品的市场准入和贸易流动。此外,推进绿色低碳产品进出口货物目录的优化,调整进出口贸易结构和目标市场也是关键。通过市场调研和推广,扩大适合的目标市场,并鼓励企业进行绿色低碳技术合作和创新,提升产品的竞争力。为助力外贸转型升级,应打造绿色贸易发展平台,为企业提供全方位的支持和服务。同时,积极参与国际治理,加强国际合作,争取在国际气候治理中的话语权。