Computerized tomography-guided therapeutic percutaneous puncture catheter drainage-combined with somatostatin for severe acute pancreatitis: An analysis of efficacy and safety

BACKGROUND Severe acute pancreatitis(SAP),a condition with rapid onset,critical condition and unsatisfactory prognosis,poses a certain threat to human health,warranting optimization of relevant treatment plans to improve treatment efficacy.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of computerized tomography-guided the-rapeutic percutaneous puncture catheter drainage(CT-TPPCD)combined with somatostatin(SS)in the treatment of SAP.METHODS Forty-two SAP patients admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from June 2020 to June 2023 were selected.On the basis of routine treatment,20 patients received SS therapy(control group)and 22 patients were given CT-TPPCD plus SS intervention(research group).The efficacy,safety(pancreatic fistula,intra-abdominal hemorrhage,sepsis,and organ dysfunction syndrome),abdominal bloating and pain relief time,bowel recovery time,hospital stay,inflammatory indicators(C-reactive protein,interleukin-6,and pro-calcitonin),and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II score of both groups were evaluated for comparison.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the research group had a markedly higher total effective rate,faster abdominal bloating and pain relief and bowel recovery,INTRODUCTION Pancreatitis,an inflammatory disease occurring in the pancreatic tissue,is classified as either acute or chronic and is associated with high morbidity and mortality,imposing a socioeconomic burden[1,2].The pathogenesis of this disease involves early protease activation,activation of nuclear factor kappa-B-related inflammatory reactions,and infiltration of immune cells[3].Severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)is a serious condition involving systemic injury and subsequent possible organ failure,accounting for 20%of all acute pancreatitis cases[4].SAP is also characterized by rapid onset,critical illness and unsatisfactory prognosis and is correlated with serious adverse events such as systemic inflammatory response syn-drome and acute lung injury,threatening the health of patients[5,6].Therefore,timely and effective therapeutic inter-ventions are of great significance for improving patient prognosis and ensuring therapeutic effects.Somatostatin(SS),a peptide hormone that can be secreted by endocrine cells and the central nervous system,is in-volved in the regulatory mechanism of glucagon and insulin synthesis in the pancreas[7].It has complex and pleiotropic effects on the gastrointestinal tract,which can inhibit the release of gastrointestinal hormones and negatively modulate the exocrine function of the stomach,pancreas and bile,while exerting a certain influence on the absorption of the di-gestive system[8,9].SS has shown certain clinical effectiveness when applied to SAP patients and can regulate the severity of SAP and immune inflammatory responses,and this regulation is related to its influence on leukocyte apoptosis and adhesion[10,11].Computerized tomography-guided therapeutic percutaneous puncture catheter drainage(CT-TPPCD)is a surgical procedure to collect lesion fluid and pus samples from necrotic lesions and perform puncture and drainage by means of CT image examination and precise positioning[12].In the research of Liu et al[13],CT-TPPCD applied to pa-tients undergoing pancreatic surgery contributes to not only good curative effects but also a low surgical risk.Baudin et al[14]also reported that CT-TPPCD has a clinical success rate of 64.6%in patients with acute infectious necrotizing pan-creatitis,with nonfatal surgery-related complications found in only two cases,suggesting that this procedure is clinically effective and safe in the treatment of the disease.In light of the limited studies on the efficacy and safety of SS plus CT-TPPCD in SAP treatment,this study performed a relevant analysis to improve clinical outcomes in SAP patients.

Effectiveness of Histopathological Examination of Ultrasound-guided Puncture Biopsy Samples for Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of histopathological examination of ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy samples in extrapulmonary tuberculosis(EPTB).Methods This study was conducted at the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center.A total of 115patients underwent ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy,followed by MGIT 960 culture(culture),smear,Gene Xpert MTB/RIF(Xpert),and histopathological examination.These assays were performed to evaluate their effectiveness in diagnosing EPTB in comparison to two different diagnostic criteria:liquid culture and composite reference standard(CRS).Results When CRS was used as the reference standard,the sensitivity and specificity of culture,smear,Xpert,and histopathological examination were(44.83%,89.29%),(51.72%,89.29%),(70.11%,96.43%),and(85.06%,82.14%),respectively.Based on liquid culture tests,the sensitivity and specificity of smear,Xpert,and pathological examination were(66.67%,72.60%),(83.33%,63.01%),and(92.86%,45.21%),respectively.Histopathological examination showed the highest sensitivity but lowest specificity.Further,we found that the combination of Xpert and histopathological examination showed a sensitivity of 90.80%and a specificity of 89.29%.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided puncture sampling is safe and effective for the diagnosis of EPTB.Compared with culture,smear,and Xpert,histopathological examination showed higher sensitivity but lower specificity.The combination of histopathology with Xpert showed the best performance characteristics.

Metal reflector-enhanced thermoacoustic imaging as a guidance for puncture biopsy

Puncture biopsy is an important clinical technique to obtain diseased tissue for pathological diagnosis,where imaging guidance is critical.In this paper,we describe a metal reflector-enhanced microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging(TAI)approach capable of guiding puncture biopsy for detection of breast cancer and joint diseases.Numerical experimentations simulating puncture guidance in breast cancer and knee gout models werefirst conducted using(CST STUDIO SUITE)(CST)software,and then ex-vivo experiments were performed followed by qualitative observations and semi-quantitative analysis.The results of both the simulations and ex-vivo experiments showed that our reflector-enhanced TAI could image the puncture needle in high resolution with a large depth of>12 cm.

Attitudes and Practices of Lumbar Puncture among Students, Interns, and Residents of the Pediatric Department of the Mohammed VI University Hospital Center of Oujda, Morocco

Introduction: Even though lumbar puncture (LP) represents an important tool in the diagnosis of certain neurological diseases, this procedure is little practiced by our students. We aimed to evaluate the attitudes and practices of students, interns, and residents about LP, and to assess their feelings about how this procedure is taught. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 160 participants, using an anonymous questionnaire, to evaluate the attitudes and practices of students, interns and residents in the pediatrics department concerning lumbar puncture. Results: Half of the participants had never performed LP, usually because of the risk involved or lack of confidence, while 20% had performed it more than 4 times. None of the participants had learned to perform the procedure through simulation sessions, while (42%) had learned it under the supervision of a senior physician and had not been able to perform it successfully the first time. Most participants inform the patient about the procedure before performing it. Only 44% of participants acknowledged that LP can be performed under local anesthetic. The sitting position (60%) was by far the most commonly used. Most LPs were performed for diagnostic purposes. Most participants stated that the pediatric ward and the pediatric emergency department are among the departments that perform LP most frequently, and that they would be interested in taking part in simulated lumbar puncture sessions in children in the future. Conclusion: The results of our study show that LP is perceived by students as a risky procedure that is difficult to perform. Teachers should reconsider how this technical procedure is taught, by integrating simulation on mannequins into student training.

Application of prostate resectoscope in the treatment of massive rectal bleeding after transrectal prostate puncture

BACKGROUND Ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy is a reliable diagnostic procedure for prostate cancer diagnosis with minimal procedure-related trauma.However,complications,such as massive rectal bleeding may occur after the puncture.We hypothesized that using a transrectal resectoscope could help treat massive rectal bleeding after transrectal prostate punctures.AIM To identify a simple and effective treatment for massive rectal bleeding after transrectal prostate punctures.METHODS Patients requiring treatment for massive rectal bleeding after transrectal prostate punctures were included.A SIMAI resectoscope was inserted through the anus.Direct electrocoagulation was performed for superficial bleeding points.Part of the rectal mucosa or surface muscle layer was removed to expose deep bleeding points,followed by electrocoagulation.An electric cutting ring was used to compress and stop the bleeding for jet-like points before electrocoagulation.The fluid color in the drainage tube was monitored postoperatively for continuous bleeding.RESULTS Eight patients were included from 2012 to 2022.None of the patients with massive rectal bleeding after the transrectal prostate punctures improved with conventional conservative and blood transfusion treatments.Two patients had an inferior artery embolism,and digital subtraction angiography was ineffective.All patients received emergency transanal prostate resection,which immediately stopped the bleeding.Four days after the procedure,the patients had recovered and were discharged.CONCLUSION Using a transanal prostate resection instrument is a simple,safe,and effective method for treating massive rectal bleeding after transrectal prostate punctures.

Percutaneous antegrade management of large proximal ureteral stones using non-papillary puncture

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility and the safety of medial non-papillary percutaneous nephrolithotomy(npPCNL)for the management of large proximal ureteral stones.Methods:We evaluated prospectively collected data of 37 patients with large proximal ureteral stones more than 1.5 cm in diameter treated by prone npPCNL.Depending on stone size,in-toto stone removal or lithotripsy using the Lithoclast®Trilogy(EMS Medical,Nyon,Switzerland)was performed.Perioperative parameters including operative time(from start of puncture to the skin suturing),stone extraction time(from the first insertion of the nephroscope to the extraction of all stone fragments),and the stone-free rate were evaluated.Results:Twenty-one males and 16 females underwent npPCNL for the management of large upper ureteral calculi.The median age and stone size of treated patients were 58(interquartile range[IQR]:51-69)years and 19.3(IQR:18.0-22.0)mm,respectively.The median operative time and stone extraction time were 25(IQR:21-29)min and 8(IQR:7-10)min,respectively.One case(2.7%)of postoperative bleeding and two cases(5.4%)of prolonged fever were managed conservatively.The stone-free rate at a 1-month follow-up was 94.6%.Conclusion:The npPCNL provides a straight route to the ureteropelvic junction and proximal ureter.Approaching from a dilated portion of the ureter under low irrigation pressure with larger diameter instruments results in effective and safe stone extraction within a few minutes.

Application of the “Three Threes” Method in Clinical Teaching of Internal Jugular Vein Puncture

Objective: To clarify the role of the “Three Threes” method in clinical teaching of internal jugular vein puncture and explore improvements in teaching methods. Methods: A doctor was assigned to the induction room of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) for two months. The time required for catheterization, the first puncture success rate, and occurrence of puncture-related complications were compared before and after learning the “Three Threes” method. Results: Using the “Three Threes” method reduced the catheterization time by 43%, increased the first puncture success rate by 17%, and led to fewer puncture-related complications. Conclusion: The application of the “Three Threes” method not only improves the success rate of internal jugular vein puncture but also reduces complications, making it easier for students to master the technique.

Punctured(2,1,N)系列卷积码的编码及其Viterbi译码的软件实现

给出了由 (2 ,1,N)系列卷积码作为母码产生的punctured卷积码的编码及其Viterbi译码的软件实现方法 ,从而为各种不同码率的卷积码的编、译码给出了一种通用的实现方法 。

移动信道下采用Punctured卷积码实现不等错误保护的研究

本文以移动信道的四状态Markov模型为基础 ,将Punctured卷积码 (PuncturedConvolutionalCodes;PCC)用于快衰落移动信道下的图像传输系统中 ,提出了通过对码率、母码约束长度和交织度这三种不同自由度的调整 ,实现图像传输的不等错误保护 (UnequalErrorProtection ;UEP)方案 .计算机模拟结果表明 ,所提出的方案具有明显的不等错误保护能力 ,可以满足在具有不等错误保护要求的移动环境下对传输图像质量的要求 .

Punctured Woven卷积码的设计与仿真

编织(Woven)码是一类包容性极强的新型纠错码,由于其自身的组合性导致它的编码效率不高、译码延迟大及硬件复杂性高,这些缺点制约了编织卷积码(WCCs)的应用。为了推动WCCs在实际通信系统中的应用,提高其编码效率,该文采用了删余技术,提出将其内外成员码分别进行删余。对删余WCCs在加性的变斯噪声(AWGN)信道上进行了设计与仿真,证实了删余后的外经结构WCCs在相同的码率和相同的外编码器个数情况下有比非删余的WCCs更优的误码率(BER)性能,且大大降低了其编译码的复杂性,提高了其编码效率。

Serial lumbar puncture reduces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infection during removal of hemorrhagic CSF in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage after endovascular coiling

The present study aimed to compare the complications and clinical outcomes of serial lumbar puncture（LP） and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid（CSF） drainage（LD） of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and provide more evidence to guide clinical management.In this retrospective study,41 and 39 aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients were enrolled in the LP and LD group,respectively.Clinical outcomes,including CSF infection,intracerebral hemorrhage,vasospasm,hydrocephalus,death,length of stay,duration of drainage and the Glasgow Outcome Scale score were compared between the two groups.By comparing with the LP group,the LD group showed a significantly higher rate of CSF infection（P= 0.029） and shorter duration of drainage（P〈 0.001）.Both groups displayed similar rates of vasospasm,hydrocephalus,intracerebral hemorrhage,the Glasgow Outcome Scale score one month after endovascular coiling and length of stay（P〉 0.05,respectively）.In conclusion,both LD and serial LP are effective methods in the treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage; besides,serial LP can reduce the incidence of CSF infection in draining hemorrhagic CSF in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage after endovascular coiling.

基于Punctured卷积码的UEP方案在FMT系统中的应用

论文将信道编码与多载波调制——滤波多音(FMT,filtered multitone)调制技术相结合,并应用到图像的传输中,通过采用调整Punctured卷积码不同的码率实现图像传输的不等错误保护(UnequalErrorProtection),增加了系统的可靠性,又提高系统传输效率,满足在具有不等错误保护要求的无线环境下对传输图像质量的要求。

Cost-effectiveness analysis of early veno-venous hemofiltration for severe acute pancreatitis in China

AIM： To determine the most cost-effective hemofiltration modality for early management of severe acute pancreatitis （SAP） in China. METHODS： We carried out a search of Pub-Medline and Chinese Biomedical Disk database. Controlled clinical trials on Chinese population were included in the analysis. The four decision branches that were analyzed were： continuous or long-term veno-venous hemofiltration （CVVH/LVVH）, short-term veno-venous hemofiltration （SVVH）, SVVH plus peritoneal dialysis （PD）, and non-hemofiltration control group. The effectiveness of the technique was determined by survival rate, complications prevention and surgery preservation. The total cost of hospitalization was also assessed. RESULTS： The SVVH only technique was the least costly modality, $5809 （44449 RMB）, and was selected as the baseline treatment modality. SVVH only arm achieved the lowest C/E ratio in terms of overall survival, complications prevention and surgery preservation. In incremental cost-effectiveness analysis, the CWH/ LVVH only and the control arms were inferior to other techniques. Sensitivity analysis showed SVVH only and SVVH plus PD arms overlapped in C/survival ratio. CONCLUSION： The role of early veno-venous hemofiltration as an alternative therapy for SAP remains controversial. However, we propose that early use of short-term high-volume veno-venous hemofiltration would have a beneficial impact on the management of SAP.

CHARACTERISTIC FUNCTION AND DEFICIENCY OF MEROMORPHIC FUNCTIONS IN THE PUNCTURED PLANE

In this article, some facts of the value distribution theory for meromorphic func- tions with maximal deficiency sum in the plane will be considered in the punctured plane, and also the relationship between the deficiency of meromorphic function in the punctured plane and that of their derivatives is studied.

Triple Puncture for Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia:A Randomized Clinical Trial

To evaluate the effect of triple puncture on primary trigeminal neuralgia (pTN),64 patients with pTN were randomly assigned to two groups:treatment group and control group.The participants in the treatment group received triple puncture treatment of 6 times per week for 4 weeks,and those in control group were given carbamazepine (300-600 mg per day) for at least 1 month.Before and after treatment,the primary outcomes including the total efficiency rate and the VAS pain scores,and the secondary outcomes including the frequency of pain attack and adverse events were observed.Sixty-two participants finished the study (33 in treatment group and 29 in control group individually).After treatment,the symptoms (mainly pain) of the two groups were alleviated.The total efficiency rate in the treatment group and control group was 90.9% and 75.9% respectively.The VAS pain scores and frequency of pain attack were significantly reduced in the treatment group as compared with the control group (P<0.05).The incidence of adverse events in the treatment group and control group was 9.1% and 24.1% respectively.It can be inferred that triple puncture can effectively improve the quality of life of patients with pTN and has less side effects.

A new veno-venous bypass type for ex-vivo liver resection in dogs

Ex-vivo liver resection is a procedure in which the liver is completely removed, perfused and after bench surgery, the liver is autotransplanted to the original site. Ex vivo liver resection is an important treatment for unresectable liver tumors. This surgical procedure requires long operation time, during which blood flow must be carefully maintained to avoid venous congestion. An effective veno-venous bypass (VVB) may meet this requirement. The present study was to test our new designed VVB device which comprised one heparinized polyvinylchloride tube and three magnetic rings The efficacy of this device was tested in five dogs. A VVB was established in 6-10 minutes. There was no leakage during the procedure. Hemodynamics was stable at anhepatic phase, which indicated that the bypass was successful. This newly-developed VVB device maintained circulation stability during ex-vivo liver resection in our dog model and thus, this VVB device significantly shortened the operation time.

Evaluation of orthotopic liver transplantation with no veno-venous bypass

Objective: To assess the feasibility and outcome of orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT) with no veno-venous bypass(v-v bypass) in adult patients. Methods: Between 1999 and 2001, 43 adult patients underwent OLT with v-v bypass, 33 with no v-v bypass. The operation time, anhepatic time, amount of blood loss, amount of blood transfusion, ICU stay days of the two groups were compared; renal function and gastrointestinal function in the two groups were examined. Results: There was no significant difference in mean serum creatinine on day 3 and gas discharge time in patients with v-v bypass or not. With no v-v bypass , the average operation time was 5.7±1.3 hours, anhepatic time was 64±13 minutes, median amount of blood loss in operation was 4000±820 mL, median amount of blood transfused intraoperatively was 4650±910 mL, median ICU stay was 5.7 days; all those were lower or shorter than those with v-v bypass; and these differences between the two groups had statistical significances. Conclusion: OLT with no v-v bypass is safe and can be performed in the majority of adult patients. The practice of liver transplantation with no v-v bypass is associated with shorter total operation time, shorter anhepatic time, lower blood product usage, and shorter ICU stay compared with standard technique of OLT with routine use of v-v bypass.

A REPORT OF 300 CASES OF MIGRAINE TREATED WITH ACUPUNCTURE PLUS BLOOD-LETTING PUNCTURING AND CUPPING

Acupuncture combined with blood-letting puncturing and cupping Is quite effectivein treatment of migraine.The total effective rate of 300 cases is 95.7％.Combined treatment ofacupuncture and cupping can supplement each other in strengthening the therapeutic effect and is agood way for relieving headache.

Prospective evaluation of point-of-care ultrasound for pre-procedure identification of landmarks versus traditional palpation for lumbar puncture

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to determine if point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS) pre-procedure identification of landmarks can decrease failure rate, reduce procedural time, and decrease the number of needle redirections and reinsertions when performing a lumbar puncture(LP).METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized controlled trial comparing POCUS preprocedure identifi cation of landmarks versus traditional palpation for LP in a cohort of patients in the emergency department and intensive care unit.RESULTS: A total of 158 patients were enrolled. No signifi cant difference was found in time to completion, needle re-direction, or needle re-insertion when using POCUS when compared to the traditional method of palpation.CONCLUSION: Consistent with fi ndings of previous studies, our data indicate that there was no observed benefi t of using POCUS to identify pre-procedure landmarks when performing an LP.

Observation and measurement of applied anatomical features for thoracic intervertebral foramen puncture on computed tomography images

BACKGROUND Thoracic intervertebral foramen puncture is the key step for interventional therapy on the thoracic nerve roots or dorsal root ganglia.The anatomical features of the thoracic spine are complex,and puncture injury to the pleura,blood vessels,spinal cord,and other tissues may cause serious complications.The spatial anatomical characteristics and related parameters for thoracic intervertebral foramen puncture remain poorly understood.AIM To observe and summarize the spatially applied anatomical characteristics for intervertebral foramen puncture on different vertebral segments.METHODS A total of 88 patients(41 males and 47 females)who underwent thoracic minimally invasive interventional treatment at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2019 to June 2020 were included.Computed tomography images of 167 thoracic vertebral segments scanned in the prone position were collected.The width of the intertransverse space(D_(P)),the height of the rib neck/head above the lower transverse process(D_(R)),the width of the lateral border of the articular process/lamina(W_(P)),and the width of the posterior border of the vertebral body(W_(V))were measured.At the upper 1/3 of the intervertebral foramina,the horizontal inclination angle(α)from the lateral border of the articular process/lamina to the posterolateral border of the vertebral body was measured.The ratios D_(R)/D_(P) and W_(P)/W_(V) were calculated.The intervertebral foramen parameters were compared between segments.RESULTS No rib head/neck occlusion(D_(R)/D_(P)>0)was found in the intertransverse spaces of T1-2 and T12-L1.The incidence of occlusion for the upper thoracic segments(T1-5,n=138),middle thoracic segments(T5-9,n=116),and lower thoracic segments(T9-L1,n=80)were 76.81%,100%,and 82.50%,respectively.The incidence of occlusion for the middle thoracic segments was significantly higher than that for the upper and lower thoracic segments(P<0.05).The incidence of>1/2 occlusion(D_(R)/D_(P)>1/2)for the upper,middle,and lower thoracic segments was 7.97%,74.14%,and 32.50%,respectively.The incidence of>1/2 occlusion for the middle thoracic segments was significantly higher than that for the upper and lower thoracic segments(P<0.05).W_(P) was longer than W_(V) on T1-2 to T9-10 and shorter than W_(V) on T10-11 to T12-L1.The horizontal puncture angle(α)into the external opening of the intervertebral foramina was positively correlated with the segments of the thoracic vertebrae from the cephalic to caudal portion(left:r=0.772,P<0.01;right:r=0.771,P<0.01),and the horizontal inclination angle for T11-12 and T12-L1 was 90°.CONCLUSION It is necessary to identify the spatial impact of the rib head/neck on the puncture path of the intervertebral foramina and design appropriate puncture angles for different segments.