Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a complication in as many as 28% of patients who receive mechanical ventilation. Studies have consistently shown that a delay in diagnosis and treatment increases the mortality...Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a complication in as many as 28% of patients who receive mechanical ventilation. Studies have consistently shown that a delay in diagnosis and treatment increases the mortality risk. The aim of this work was to clarify the role of the serum procalcitonin (PCT) in the diagnosis and the prognosis of ventilator associated pneumonia. Methods: Forty two VAP patients, 20 non VAP-ICU (on mechanical ventilation) admitted patients and 20 healthy control subjects of similar age and sex were included in the study. PCT levels in serum samples were measured in all subjects. Results: There was a highly statistically significant difference (p value 0.001) between VAP patients on one side and non VAP-ICU patients and healthy control subjects on the other side regarding the mean values of PCT. Also, the mean values of PCT were statistically significantly higher (p 0.001) among died VAP group than the survivor VAP group. There was a statistically positive correlation (p = 0.449), CRIP (R = 0.403) and SOFA (R = 0.437)) and initial PCT serum levels. Conclusions: This study found that the increased PCT serum level is an important diagnostic tool for VAP and the PCT serum levels can predict the outcome of VAP patients. We recommend other larger studies to augment our findings.展开更多
We assessed incidence and outcomes of patients with ventilator-associated respiratory infections (VARI) due to tracheobronchitis (VAT) and pneumonia (VAP), including length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and ventil...We assessed incidence and outcomes of patients with ventilator-associated respiratory infections (VARI) due to tracheobronchitis (VAT) and pneumonia (VAP), including length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and ventilator days. We also examined pathogens, rate of progression from VAT to VAP, and impact of antibiotic therapy for VAT. Data analysis included 234 patients, 100 patients (43%) had at least moderate (+++) bacterial growth in their semi-quantitative endotracheal aspirate (SQ-ETA) cultures. VAT and VAP were each diagnosed in 34 (15%) patients. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen isolated and had the highest rate of progression from VAT to VAP. Seven (21%) of the 34 patients were diagnosed with VAT that later progressed to VAP in averaged 3 days. Patients diagnosed with VAT had significantly more ventilator days (9 vs 6, p p < 0.001) and hospital days (22 vs 17, p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the clinical outcomes of the 25 VAT patients with timely, appropriate antibiotics compared to the 9 VAT patients who did not receive timely appropriate antibiotics. VAT was a risk factor for increased ventilator days, longer length of ICU and hospital stay. The time window from VAT to VAP allowed physicians to identify the pathogens and sensitivity profile needed to treat VAT with appropriate antibiotics. Data from well-designed studies were needed to assess the impact of early, appropriate antibiotic therapy for VAT, the choice of antibiotics, as well as the duration and route of administration.展开更多
Patients undergoing major oncological surgery for head and neck cancer （SHNC） have a particularly high risk of nosocomial infections. We aimed to identify risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia （VAP） in ...Patients undergoing major oncological surgery for head and neck cancer （SHNC） have a particularly high risk of nosocomial infections. We aimed to identify risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia （VAP） in patients undergoing SHNC. The study included 465 patients who underwent SHNC between June 2011 and June 2014. The rate of VAP, risk factors for VAP, and biological aspects of VAP were retrospectively evaluated. The incidence of VAP was 19.6~0 （n = 95） in patients who required more than 48 h of mechanical ventilation. Staphylococcus （37.7%）, Enterobacteriaceae （32.1%）, Pseudomonas （20.8%）, and Haemophilus （16.9~） were the major bacterial species that caused VAP. The independent risk factors for VAP were advanced age, current smoking status, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and a higher simplified acute physiology score system II upon admission. Tracheostomy was an independent protective factor for VAP. The median length of stay in the ICU for patients who did or did not develop VAP was 8.0 and 6.5 days, respectively （P = 0.006）. Mortality among patients who did or did not develop VAP was 16.8% and 8.4%, respectively （P 〈 0.001）. The potential economic impact of VAP was high because of the significantly extended duration of ventilation. A predictive regression model was developed with a sensitivity of 95.3% and a specificity of 69.4%. VAP is common in patients who are undergoing SHNC and who require more than 48 h of mechanical ventilation. Therefore, innovative preventive measures should be developed and applied in this high-risk population.展开更多
目的探讨降钙素原(PCT)、髓系细胞表达的触发受体-1(TREM-1)联合肺部感染评分(CPIS)评分对新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)早期诊断的临床价值。方法以88例有创机械通气患儿作为研究对象,所有患儿均在机械通气后第1天、第3天、第7天采集外...目的探讨降钙素原(PCT)、髓系细胞表达的触发受体-1(TREM-1)联合肺部感染评分(CPIS)评分对新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)早期诊断的临床价值。方法以88例有创机械通气患儿作为研究对象,所有患儿均在机械通气后第1天、第3天、第7天采集外周血及肺泡灌洗液标本并进行检测,同时进行CPIS评分,根据治疗后评估,将88例患儿分为VAP组(46例)与非VAP组(42例),应用ROC曲线评价PCT、TREM-1、CPIS联合指标对VAP的早期诊断价值。结果两组的PCT(第1天:0.53±0.15ng/mL vs 0.36±0.12ng/mL;第3天:2.07±1.22ng/mL vs 0.45±0.13ng/mL;第7天:2.54±1.31ng/mL vs 0.47±0.12ng/mL)、TREM-1(第1天:4.18±1.17pg/mL vs 3.01±0.78pg/mL;第3天:3.01±0.78pg/mL vs 3.52±0.85pg/mL;第7天:9.62±1.93pg/mL vs 4.03±1.14pg/mL)、CPIS评分(第1天:4.2±1.1分vs3.4±1.2分;第3天:5.2±0.9分vs 3.3±1.1分;第7天:5.5±1.2分vs 3.6±1.4分)差异有统计学意义(PCT:t值分别为-5.369、-7.583、-9.034;TREM-1;t值分别为-4.985、-7.370、-14.834;CPIS评分:t值分别为-3.053、-8.381、-6.437;均P<0.01)。第3天指标的诊断效能最高,PCT、TREM-1、CPIS评分联合指标对诊断VAP的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别80.4%、100.0%、93.5%、100.0%。结论结合PCT、TREM-1、CPIS评分综合分析,可以显著提高诊断的特异性,对新生儿VAP的早期诊断有较好的实用性。展开更多
文摘Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a complication in as many as 28% of patients who receive mechanical ventilation. Studies have consistently shown that a delay in diagnosis and treatment increases the mortality risk. The aim of this work was to clarify the role of the serum procalcitonin (PCT) in the diagnosis and the prognosis of ventilator associated pneumonia. Methods: Forty two VAP patients, 20 non VAP-ICU (on mechanical ventilation) admitted patients and 20 healthy control subjects of similar age and sex were included in the study. PCT levels in serum samples were measured in all subjects. Results: There was a highly statistically significant difference (p value 0.001) between VAP patients on one side and non VAP-ICU patients and healthy control subjects on the other side regarding the mean values of PCT. Also, the mean values of PCT were statistically significantly higher (p 0.001) among died VAP group than the survivor VAP group. There was a statistically positive correlation (p = 0.449), CRIP (R = 0.403) and SOFA (R = 0.437)) and initial PCT serum levels. Conclusions: This study found that the increased PCT serum level is an important diagnostic tool for VAP and the PCT serum levels can predict the outcome of VAP patients. We recommend other larger studies to augment our findings.
文摘We assessed incidence and outcomes of patients with ventilator-associated respiratory infections (VARI) due to tracheobronchitis (VAT) and pneumonia (VAP), including length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and ventilator days. We also examined pathogens, rate of progression from VAT to VAP, and impact of antibiotic therapy for VAT. Data analysis included 234 patients, 100 patients (43%) had at least moderate (+++) bacterial growth in their semi-quantitative endotracheal aspirate (SQ-ETA) cultures. VAT and VAP were each diagnosed in 34 (15%) patients. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen isolated and had the highest rate of progression from VAT to VAP. Seven (21%) of the 34 patients were diagnosed with VAT that later progressed to VAP in averaged 3 days. Patients diagnosed with VAT had significantly more ventilator days (9 vs 6, p p < 0.001) and hospital days (22 vs 17, p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the clinical outcomes of the 25 VAT patients with timely, appropriate antibiotics compared to the 9 VAT patients who did not receive timely appropriate antibiotics. VAT was a risk factor for increased ventilator days, longer length of ICU and hospital stay. The time window from VAT to VAP allowed physicians to identify the pathogens and sensitivity profile needed to treat VAT with appropriate antibiotics. Data from well-designed studies were needed to assess the impact of early, appropriate antibiotic therapy for VAT, the choice of antibiotics, as well as the duration and route of administration.
文摘Patients undergoing major oncological surgery for head and neck cancer （SHNC） have a particularly high risk of nosocomial infections. We aimed to identify risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia （VAP） in patients undergoing SHNC. The study included 465 patients who underwent SHNC between June 2011 and June 2014. The rate of VAP, risk factors for VAP, and biological aspects of VAP were retrospectively evaluated. The incidence of VAP was 19.6~0 （n = 95） in patients who required more than 48 h of mechanical ventilation. Staphylococcus （37.7%）, Enterobacteriaceae （32.1%）, Pseudomonas （20.8%）, and Haemophilus （16.9~） were the major bacterial species that caused VAP. The independent risk factors for VAP were advanced age, current smoking status, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and a higher simplified acute physiology score system II upon admission. Tracheostomy was an independent protective factor for VAP. The median length of stay in the ICU for patients who did or did not develop VAP was 8.0 and 6.5 days, respectively （P = 0.006）. Mortality among patients who did or did not develop VAP was 16.8% and 8.4%, respectively （P 〈 0.001）. The potential economic impact of VAP was high because of the significantly extended duration of ventilation. A predictive regression model was developed with a sensitivity of 95.3% and a specificity of 69.4%. VAP is common in patients who are undergoing SHNC and who require more than 48 h of mechanical ventilation. Therefore, innovative preventive measures should be developed and applied in this high-risk population.
文摘目的探讨降钙素原(PCT)、髓系细胞表达的触发受体-1(TREM-1)联合肺部感染评分(CPIS)评分对新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)早期诊断的临床价值。方法以88例有创机械通气患儿作为研究对象,所有患儿均在机械通气后第1天、第3天、第7天采集外周血及肺泡灌洗液标本并进行检测,同时进行CPIS评分,根据治疗后评估,将88例患儿分为VAP组(46例)与非VAP组(42例),应用ROC曲线评价PCT、TREM-1、CPIS联合指标对VAP的早期诊断价值。结果两组的PCT(第1天:0.53±0.15ng/mL vs 0.36±0.12ng/mL;第3天:2.07±1.22ng/mL vs 0.45±0.13ng/mL;第7天:2.54±1.31ng/mL vs 0.47±0.12ng/mL)、TREM-1(第1天:4.18±1.17pg/mL vs 3.01±0.78pg/mL;第3天:3.01±0.78pg/mL vs 3.52±0.85pg/mL;第7天:9.62±1.93pg/mL vs 4.03±1.14pg/mL)、CPIS评分(第1天:4.2±1.1分vs3.4±1.2分;第3天:5.2±0.9分vs 3.3±1.1分;第7天:5.5±1.2分vs 3.6±1.4分)差异有统计学意义(PCT:t值分别为-5.369、-7.583、-9.034;TREM-1;t值分别为-4.985、-7.370、-14.834;CPIS评分:t值分别为-3.053、-8.381、-6.437;均P<0.01)。第3天指标的诊断效能最高,PCT、TREM-1、CPIS评分联合指标对诊断VAP的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别80.4%、100.0%、93.5%、100.0%。结论结合PCT、TREM-1、CPIS评分综合分析,可以显著提高诊断的特异性,对新生儿VAP的早期诊断有较好的实用性。
