Distribution of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial sensitivity of eye infections in Suzhou

AIM:To investigate the types of bacteria in patients with eye infections in Suzhou and their drug resistance to commonly used antibacterial drugs.METHODS:The clinical data of 155 patients were retrospectively collected in this study,and the pathogenic bacteria species and drug resistance of each pathogenic bacteria were analyzed.RESULTS:Among the 155 patients(age from 12 to 87 years old,with an average age of 57,99 males and 56 females)with eye infections(160 eyes:74 in the left eye,76 in the right eye and 5 in both eyes,all of which were exogenous),71(45.81%)strains were gram-positive bacteria,23(14.84%)strains were gram-negative bacteria and 61(39.35%)strains were fungi.Gram-positive bacteria were highly resistant to penicillin and erythromycin(78.87%and 46.48%respectively),but least resistant to vancomycin at 0.Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to cefoxitin and compound sulfamethoxazole(100%and 95.65%respectively),but least resistant to meropenem at 0.Comparison of the resistance of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria to some drugs revealed statistically significant differences(P<0.05)in the resistance of both to cefoxitin,cotrimoxazole,levofloxacin,cefuroxime,ceftriaxone and ceftazidime,and both had higher rates of resistance to gram-negative bacteria than to gram-positive bacteria.The distribution of bacterial infection strains showed that Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common strain in the conjunctiva,cornea,aqueous humor or vitreous body and other eye parts.Besides,Fusarium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were also among the most common strains of conjunctival and corneal infections.CONCLUSION:Gram-positive bacteria are the dominant bacteria in eye infections,followed by gram-negative bacteria and fungi.Considering the resistance of gramnegative bacteria to multiple drugs,monitoring of bacteria should be strengthened in eye bacterial infections for effective prevention and control to reduce complications caused by eye infections.

Distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolated from cancer hospital in 2013

Objective： To understand distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria from a specialized cancer hospital in 2013 in order to provide a basis for rational clinical antimicrobial agents. Methods： Pathogenic bacteria identification and drug sensitivity tests were performed with a VITEK 2 compact automatic identification system and data were analyzed using WHONET5.6 software.Results： Of the 1,378 strains tested, 980 were Gram-negative bacilli, accounting for 71.1%, in which Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the dominant strains. We found 328 Gram-positive coccus, accounting for 23.8%, in which the amount of Staphylococcus aureus was the highest. We identified 46 fungi, accounting for 4.1%. According to the departmental distribution within the hospital, the surgical departments isolated the major strains, accounting for 49.7%. According to disease types, lung cancer, intestinal cancer and esophagus cancer were the top three, accounting for 20.9%, 17.3% and 14.2%, respectively. No strains were resistant to imipenem, ertapenem or vancomycin.Conclusions： Pathogenic bacteria isolated from the specialized cancer hospital have different resistance rates compared to commonly used antimicrobial agents; therefore antimicrobial agents to reduce the morbidity and mortality of infections should be used.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with cancer: Impact of multidrug resistant bacteria

BACKGROUND Patients with cancer have several risk factors for developing respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation(MV).The emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria(MDRB)has become a public health problem,creating a new burden on medical care in hospitals,particularly for patients admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU).AIM To describe risk factors for ventilator-acquired pneumonia(VAP)in patients with cancer and to evaluate the impact of MDRB.METHODS A retrospective study was performed from January 2016 to December 2018 at a cancer referral center in Mexico City,which included all patients who were admitted to the ICU and required MV≥48 h.They were classified as those who developed VAP versus those who did not;pathogens isolated,including MDRB.Clinical evolution at 60-d was assessed.Descriptive analysis was carried out;comparison was performed between VAP vs non-VAP and MDRB vs non-MDRB.RESULTS Two hundred sixty-three patients were included in the study;mean age was 51.9 years;52.1%were male;68.4%had solid tumors.There were 32 episodes of VAP with a rate of 12.2%;11.5 episodes/1000 ventilation-days.The most frequent bacteria isolated were the following:Klebsiella spp.[n=9,four were Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase(ESBL)producers,one was Carbapenem-resistant(CR)];Escherichia coli(n=5,one was ESBL),and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(n=8,two were CR).One Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus was identified.In multivariate analysis,the sole risk factor associated for VAP was length of ICU stay(OR=1.1;95%CI:1.03-1.17;P=0.003).Sixty-day mortality was 53%in VAP and 43%without VAP(P=0.342).There was not higher mortality in those patients with MDRB.CONCLUSION This study highlights the high percentage of Gram-negative bacteria,which allows the initiation of empiric antibiotic coverage for these pathogens.In this retrospective,single center,observational study,MDRB VAP was not directly linked to increased mortality at 60 days.

Analysis on Distribution and Drug Resistance of Pathogenic Bacteria in ICU Patients with Nosocomial Infection from 2019 to 2021

Objective:To understand the pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients and their drug resistance changes in general ICU of the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University,so as to provide reference for appropriate selection of antibiotics in clinical practice.Methods:A retrospective investigation was conducted to analyze the bacteriological distribution and drug resistance of nosocomial pathogens isolated from the specimens of hospitalized patients in the comprehensive ICU of the hospital from 2019 to 2021.The US technology BD Phoenix 100 automatic bacterial identification analyzer was used for bacterial identification of the pathogen samples,disk diffusion method was used for drug susceptibility test,and SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the trend of drug resistance.Results:A total of 970 strains of nosocomial pathogens were detected in the three years.The main pathogens were Acinetobacter baumannii(133 strains,13.71%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(106 strains,10.93%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(83 strains,8.56%),Escherichia coli(76 strains,7.84%)and Enterococcus faecium(69 strains,7.11%).The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii to antibiotics was high.Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli had low resistance rates to carbapenems.The situation of bacterial drug resistance is still serious.Conclusion:The drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria collected from Class III Grade A Hospital’s patients to antibiotics was generally high.Therefore,clinical departments should strengthen the inspection of specimens of infection and drug sensitivity test in order to grasp the resistance mechanisms and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria changes,and select appropriate antimicrobial agents according to the test results.Besides,the formation of drug-resistant strains also needs to be prevented,and the treatment of patients with severe infection needs to be improved.

Management of Multi-Drug Resistant Methicillin Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Induced Pneumonia with New Antibiotic Adjuvant Entity: A Retrospective Study

Aim/Objective: Increase in incidences of pneumonia due to multi-drug resistant methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in both community and health care settings is of great concern globally. Present study aims to retrospectively analyze the efficacy of new fixed dose combination with antibiotic adjuvant entity (FDC) in comparison with vancomycin to treat patients with multi-drug resistant MRSA pneumonia. Materials and Methods: During this retrospective study, case sheets of patients who were treated for MRSA pneumonia with vancomycin or fixed dose combination of vancomycin + ceftriaxone + adjuvant (FDC) between 20 March 2010 to 20 October 2014 at tertiary care center, were analyzed. Various demographic features, antibiotic therapy, length of treatment duration and the resulting efficacy were evaluated. Microbiological success was measured in terms of bacterial eradication, while clinical success was monitored in terms of complete omission of systemic signs and symptoms. Results: Among 136 patients analyzed, 113 cases were having positive culture for MRSA, and hence were further analyzed. Out of these 113 patients, empirical treatment with vancomycin was given in 59 patients and 54 patients were treated with FDC empirically. After initial culture reports, 22 patients showing resistance to vancomycin were shifted to FDC. Amidst all the patients, 24 (64.86%) of 37 from vancomycin group and 62 (81.57%) of 76 from FDC group achieved clinical success. 9 patients out of these failure cases were cured with FDC + colistin combination therapy. Failure rates in FDC treated patients were significantly low (6.57%) as compared to vancomycin group (13.51%). Conclusion: For the treatment of different types of multi-drug resistant MRSA pneumonia, the empirical intravenous FDC therapy was safe and well tolerated with higher efficacy than vancomycin. Most of the vancomycin failure cases responded to FDC therapy and were cured. This retrospective study also concludes that an alternative option of FDC + colistin is safe and effective to treat the patients which fail to respond to FDC monotherapy.

Aerosolized Amikacin as Adjunctive Therapy of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia Caused by Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Bacteria： A Single-center Randomized Controlled Trial

Background： Aerosolized amikacin （AA） is a current option for the management of ventilator-associated pneumonia （VAP） caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria （MDR-GNB）, as it is reported that AA could increase the alveolar level of the drug without increasing systemic toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of AA as an adjunctive therapy for VAP caused by MDR-GNB. Methods： In this single-center, double-blind study conducted in a 36-bed general Intensive Care Unit （ICU） in a tertiary hospital from June 2014 to June 2016, 52 ICU patients with confirmed MDR-GNB VAP were randomized to two groups （AA group, n - 27 and placebo group, n = 25）. Amikacin （400 rag, q8h） or saline placebo （4 ml, q8h） was aerosolized for 7 days. The attending physician determined the administration of systemic antibiotics for VAP. Patients were tbllowed up for 28 days. Bacteriological eradication, clinical pulmonary infection score （CP1S）, and serum creatinine were assessed on day 7 of therapy. New resistance to amikacin, cure rate of VAP, weaning rate, and mortality were assessed on day 28. Results： The baseline characteristics of patients in both groups were similar. At the end of the treatment, 13 of the 32 initially detected bacterial isolates were eradicated in AA group, compared to 4 of 28 in placebo group （41% vs. 14%, P - 0.024）. As for patients, 11 of 27 patients treated with AA and 4 of 25 patients treated with placebo have eradication （41% vs. 16%, P = 0.049）. The adjunction of AA reduced CPIS （4.2 ± 1.6 vs. 5.8 ± 2.1, P = 0.007）. New drug resistance to amikacin and the change in serum creatinine were not detected in AA group. No significant differences in the clinical cure rate in survivors （48% vs. 35%, P = 0.444）, weaning rate （48% vs. 32%, P = 0.236）, and mortality （22% vs. 32%, P = 0.427） were detected between the two groups on day 28. Conclusions： As an adjunctive therapy of MDR-GNB VAP, AA successfully eradicated existing MDR organisms without inducing new resistance to amikacin or change in serum creatinine. However, the improvement of mortality was not found.

Clinical efficacy of Buzhong Yiqi decoction(补中益气汤)in the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia with multi-drug resistant bacteria:a prospective,randomized,multicenter controlled trial

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Buzhong Yiqi decoction(补中益气汤,BZYQ)in the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia(HAP)with multi-drug-resistant bacteria(MDRB).METHODS:This 28-day study was conducted at 5 clinical centers in Shanghai.The eligible patients were randomly assigned(1∶1)into the intervention group(BZYQ plus conventional Western Medicine therapy)and control group(conventional Western Medicine therapy).The primary outcomes were the clinical response,clinical pulmonary infection score(CPIS),and microbiologic response.The secondary outcomes were the 28-day allcause mortality(ACM),Acute Physiology and Chronic Health EvaluationⅡ(APACHEⅡ)score,ventilator weaning rate,length of mechanical ventilation(MV),length of hospital stay,and changes of infection indicators.RESULTS:Altogether 83 subjects in the intervention group and 85 subjects in the control group were analyzed.The clinical success rate(48.2%)and the pathogen eradication rate(59.0%)of the intervention group were all better than those of the control group(32.9%and 38.9%,respectively)with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The CPIS score of the intervention group(8.9±1.7)was lower than that of the control group(9.6±2.5)(P<0.05).The length of MV in the intervention group[(13.7±6.4)d]was significantly shorter than that of the control group[(17.2±7.2)d](P<0.05).The 28-day ACM of the intervention group(13.33%)was lower than that of the control group(21.2%)with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).The differences between two groups in ventilator weaning rate,length of hospital stay,and APACHEⅡscore were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The intervention group displayed decreases in white blood cell count,C-reactive protein,neutrophil percentage,and procalcitonin at day 28 compared with baseline(P<0.05).No serious adverse events occurred in either group during the 28-day follow-up.CONCLUSION:BZYQ may be an effective therapeutic option for the management of HAP with MDRB.

某三甲医院尿路感染患者病原菌分布及药敏分析

目的了解自贡市第三人民医院尿路感染患者病原菌分布及药敏耐药性特点,为临床医师合理选用抗菌素及控制院内感染、降低细菌耐药性提供帮助。方法收集2019年1月—2020年12月自贡市第三人民医院尿路感染就诊患者尿液标本3802份,采用MicroScan Walk/Away-40(美国SIEMENS公司)全自动微生物鉴定和药敏系统进行细菌鉴定和药敏试验。结果539株分离菌中革兰阴性菌411株,占比76.25%;革兰阳性菌128株,占比23.75%;其中前5位的菌株416株,依次为大肠埃希菌294株(54.55%)、粪肠球菌46株(8.53%)、肺炎克雷伯菌38株(7.05%)、屎肠球菌23株(4.27%)、奇异变形杆菌15株(2.78%)。前5位3种革兰阴性菌中,大肠埃希菌对复方新诺明、环丙沙星、头孢唑啉及左旋氧氟沙星耐药率均>50.00%,对头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、氨曲南和头孢吡肟耐药率均>40.00%,庆大霉素为35.71%,其余均在30.00%以内;肺炎克雷伯菌对复方新诺明耐药性最高为52.63%,其次是头孢唑林为42.11%、头孢噻肟为36.84%、环丙沙星和头孢曲松均为31.58%,其余均在30.00%以内;奇异变形杆菌,对复方新诺明耐药率最高为60.00%,其次环丙沙星为53.33%、妥布霉素为46.67%,头孢唑啉、庆大霉素和氨曲南均为33.33%,其余均在30.00%以内。前5位2种革兰阳性菌中,粪肠球菌,对四环素耐药性最高为86.96%,其次红霉素为76.09%、利福平为54.35%,环丙沙星为32.61%、左旋氧氟沙星和莫西沙星均为30.43%,其余均在30.00%以内;屎肠球菌,对红霉素、环丙沙星和左旋氧氟沙星耐药率均为100%,其次青霉素G为95.65%、莫西沙星为91.30%、利福平和阿莫西林/克拉维酸均为82.61%、四环素为65.22%,对大多数抗菌药物耐药率均较高,其中对万古霉素耐药率最低为4.35%,其次为利奈唑胺为5.26%、呋喃妥因为8.70%。结论临床医师在诊疗过程中,应加强与实验室合作,重视尿路感染的病原学检查,在选用抗菌药物治疗时应结合实验室病原学报告和药敏试验结果,合理使用抗菌药物,同时遏制细菌耐药性。

血培养常见病原菌耐药率与抗菌药物用药频度的相关性分析

目的分析河北北方学院附属第一医院2019—2021年住院患者血培养常见病原菌耐药率与抗菌药物用药频度(DDDs)的相关性。方法收集2019—2021年住院患者血培养阳性样本中分离的菌株,另收集同期血培养阳性患者的抗菌药物使用数据,采用WHONET 5.6软件和Pearson相关分析法探讨病原菌耐药率与抗菌药物DDDs的相关性。结果2019—2021年血培养阳性者共计916人次,DDDs排序前列的抗菌药物中,头孢唑啉、头孢呋辛、头孢他啶的DDDs均呈逐年上升趋势(2021年相较2019年的上升幅度分别为38.8%、228.3%、87.1%)。2019—2021年血培养阳性样本中共分离出病原菌739株,数量排名前5位的病原菌分别为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌,分别占37.2%、16.1%、8.1%、7.4%、6.5%。大肠埃希菌对头孢唑啉、头孢他啶、头孢噻肟、多黏菌素B的耐药率与其DDDs均呈正相关(r=0.961、0.907、0.988、0.997,P<0.05);肺炎克雷伯菌对哌拉西林、头孢唑啉、头孢噻肟、头孢吡肟、氨曲南、亚胺培南、美罗培南、左氧氟沙星、多黏菌素B的耐药率与其DDDs均呈正相关(r=0.766、0.772、0.838、0.667、0.734、0.821、0.904、0.980、0.997,P<0.05);铜绿假单胞菌对庆大霉素的耐药率与其DDDs呈正相关(r=0.878,P<0.05);鲍曼不动杆菌对莫西沙星的耐药率与其DDDs呈正相关(r=0.856,P<0.05);金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌对大部分常用抗菌药物的耐药率与抗菌药物DDDs均无相关性(P>0.05)。结论河北北方学院附属第一医院2019—2021年住院患者的血流感染病原菌复杂多样(以革兰氏阴性菌为主),病原菌耐药率总体呈上升趋势,且大多数病原菌的耐药率与抗菌药物DDDs存在相关性。

老年重症肺炎患者支气管肺泡灌洗液细菌培养及药敏分析

目的 分析老年重症肺炎患者支气管肺泡灌洗液细菌构成及药敏情况。方法 纳入2022年3月至2023年8月收治的老年重症肺炎患者180例,对患者支气管肺泡灌洗液进行细菌培养和鉴定,采用最低抑菌浓度(MIC)法进行药物敏感试验分析。结果 180例老年重症肺炎患者支气管肺泡灌洗液共分离出217株病原菌,其中革兰阴性菌141株(64.98%),革兰阳性菌57株(26.27%),真菌19株(8.76%)。革兰阴性菌中肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌分布最广,肺炎克雷伯菌对阿米卡星、复方新诺明的敏感率较高,对哌拉西林、环丙沙星、氨苄西林/舒巴坦的耐药率较高;鲍曼不动杆菌对复方新诺明、妥布霉素的敏感率较高,对头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、头孢曲松的耐药率较高;铜绿假单胞菌对阿米卡星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢吡肟的敏感率较高,对亚胺培南、哌拉西林、头孢他啶的耐药率较高。革兰阳性菌中肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌分布最广,肺炎链球菌对万古霉素、利福平、青霉素的敏感率较高,对四环素、红霉素、克林霉素的耐药率较高;金黄色葡萄球菌对万古霉素、利福平、克林霉素的敏感率较高,对青霉素、庆大霉素、红霉素的耐药率较高。结论 老年重症肺炎患者支气管肺泡灌洗液的主要病原菌为革兰阴性菌,不同病原菌药敏分析结果差异较大,临床应根据药敏结果合理应用抗生素。

强制性感染管控措施对维持性血液透析患者血管导管相关感染的影响

目的 分析强制性感染管控措施对维持性血液透析患者发生血管导管相关感染(VCAI)的群体特征、感染率、病原菌及药敏的影响,为临床治疗提供指导。方法 选取2019年3月—2021年2月福建省立医院收治的维持性血液透析患者567例,其中施行强制性管控前(2019年3月—2020年2月)患者295例,施行强制性管控后(2020年3月—2021年2月)患者272例。收集管控前后2组患者的基本信息(包括年龄、性别、置管部位)以及病原学检查结果,对管控前后VCAI群体特征变化、感染率、病原学结果及药敏结果进行比较分析。结果 管控后感染率为10.29%(28/272),低于管控前的16.27%(48/295),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.356,P=0.037)。管控后患者平均年龄较管控前更高(Z=-6.889,P<0.01)。管控前分离出病原菌58株,以革兰阳性菌为主,占63.79%,管控后分离出病原菌33株,革兰阴性菌为主,占54.55%,管控后革兰阳性菌感染较前有明显下降(χ^(2)=3.899,P=0.048)。管控前检出多重耐药菌28株(48.28%),管控后检出多重耐药菌23株(69.70%)。革兰阳性菌对利奈唑胺、万古霉素敏感;对环丙沙星、克林霉素、红霉素、左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星、苯唑西林耐药率均>50%;青霉素、庆大霉素耐药严重,但分别对粪肠球菌及金黄色葡萄球菌效果突出。革兰阴性菌对厄他培南、亚胺培南、头孢吡肟耐药率较低;青霉素、阿莫西林、头孢唑林、头孢西丁、复方磺胺甲口恶唑耐药率>50%;替加环素对阴性、阳性菌均覆盖良好,且未发现耐药菌。结论 强制性感染管控是行之有效的VCAI防控措施,在目前已形成习惯的基础上可常态化保持。管控后感染人群年龄增大,革兰阳性致病菌检出率下降,多重耐药菌检出率上升,故应加强老年患者的管理,优选颈内静脉作为置管部位并注意抗生素的合理使用。临床推荐利奈唑胺、万古霉素、替加环素作为经验性全身用药,抗生素封管首选万古霉素、头孢吡肟,局部外用可考虑庆大霉素软膏。

肺结核继发其他病原菌肺部感染的病原菌特征及耐药性分析

目的分析肺结核继发其他病原菌肺部感染的病原菌特征及耐药性。方法2019年1月至2021年5月莆田学院附属医院收治的320例肺结核继发其他病原学肺部感染患者作为研究对象,取所有患者的痰液或肺泡灌洗液样本进行痰培养,并展开药敏试验。结果320例患者共分离96株病原菌,病原菌分布为革兰阴性菌占比58.33%、真菌占比28.13%和革兰阳性菌占比13.54%。革兰阳性菌以金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌最常见,对哌拉西林、庆大霉素、左氧氟沙星的耐药性最高,对多粘菌素B、美罗培南和亚胺培南的耐药性低;革兰阴性菌以肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和大肠埃希菌最常见,对青霉素、苯唑西林、红霉素的耐药性最高,对万古霉素、利奈唑胺和替加环素的耐药性低;真菌以白假丝孝母菌最常见,对酮康唑、氟康唑的耐药性最高,对两性霉素和伏立康唑的耐药性低。结论导致肺结核继发肺部感染的病原菌种类多,需开展病原学检查,并以药敏试验结果为参考合理的选择药物,以确保临床治疗有效性及用药安全性。

新生儿败血症308例病原菌变迁及耐药性分析

目的探讨新生儿败血症病原菌变迁及耐药情况。方法收集2017年1月至2022年12月南京医科大学附属妇产医院(南京市妇幼保健院)确诊的308例新生儿败血症的临床资料,回顾性分析病原菌分布特征及耐药情况。结果共检出332株非重复菌株,排名前4位的菌株为凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(GNS)、大肠埃希菌、无乳链球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌。6年间革兰阳性菌检出率均高于革兰阴性菌,GNS、大肠埃希菌检出率总体呈上升趋势。除无乳链球菌在足月儿以及正常体质量儿组检出株数最多外,其他主要病原菌均在超早及极早产儿、超低及极低体质量儿组检出比率较高。大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌对氨苄青霉素、第一代头孢菌素的耐药率均较高,对碳青霉烯类抗生素完全敏感。表皮葡萄球菌对大部分抗菌药物的耐药性高于金黄色葡萄球菌。无乳链球菌对克林霉素、红霉素、四环素的耐药率较高;未发现对万古霉素、利奈唑胺耐药菌株。结论新生儿败血症检出病原菌以GNS、大肠埃希菌为主,且各病原菌在不同类别病儿中的分布差异有统计学意义,应定期对病原菌分布及耐药性进行监测,以进一步规范指导临床抗生素的合理使用。

某院肺炎克雷伯菌的临床分布和耐药性分析

目的分析大连市友谊医院2017年—2022年分离肺炎克雷伯菌的临床分布特征以及耐药性,为临床治疗肺炎克雷伯菌感染提供理论依据。方法收集大连市友谊医院2017年—2022年间分离的1865株肺炎克雷伯菌临床株,采用Whonet 5.6软件分析肺炎克雷伯菌临床分布和药敏情况,采用SPSS22.0软件对细菌耐药率进行分析。结果肺炎克雷伯菌在痰液标本中的分离率最高(956株,51.26%);临床科室检出率最多的是重症医学科(734株,39.36%)。肺炎克雷伯菌对青霉素类、头孢菌素类和喹诺酮类药物耐药率相对较高,最高是头孢唑啉(69.8%);其次是氨基糖苷类、碳青霉烯类和四环素类药物,最低的是阿米卡星(17.6%)。所有20类监测药物的耐药率2019年较低(<60%),在2022年较高,耐药率大于70%有哌拉西林(75.6%)、氨苄西林/舒巴坦(72.8%)和环丙沙星(72.7%)。六年间有18种抗菌药物变化显著(P<0.05):2017年—2018年,有8类药物耐药率变化显著(P<0.05),头孢替坦和头孢他啶耐药率明显降低,哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、头孢唑啉、环丙沙星、庆大霉素和妥布霉素耐药率明显升高;2020年耐药率增长明显的是米诺环素和左氧氟沙星;2021年米诺环素耐药率下降明显,庆大霉素耐药率增长明显;2022年有20类药物耐药率都增高,其中哌拉西林、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、头孢曲松、亚胺培南、美罗培南、左氧氟沙星、阿米卡星和妥布霉素10类药物耐药率增高明显(P<0.05)。结论本院近年分离肺炎克雷伯菌临床株对20类抗菌药物耐药率有普遍增高趋势,特别是疫情严重的2022年,加酶抑制剂药物、碳青霉烯类、喹诺酮类和氨基糖苷类药物耐药率上升显著。后疫情时代微生物室应加强细菌耐药性监测,特别注意耐加酶抑制剂、耐三代头孢和耐碳青霉烯类的药物的肺炎克雷伯菌;同时临床医师需控制广谱抗菌药物的使用,以减缓耐药现象。

无菌体液分离病原菌菌种构成分布情况及耐药性变迁

目的了解2017—2023年本院无菌体液标本检出病原菌的分布及其耐药性变迁,为本地区医疗机构经验使用抗菌药物提供及时依据。方法选取2017—2023年本院无菌体液标本,排除同一患者重复株,使用WHONET 5.6软件对药物敏感性数据进行统计分析。结果共检出菌株6711株,其中革兰阴性杆菌3927株,革兰阳性球菌2530株,真菌145株,厌氧菌59株。分离病原菌前五位依次为大肠埃希菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌。肠杆菌目细菌中,大肠埃希菌和阴沟肠杆菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药性较稳定,肺炎克雷伯菌对抗菌药物的耐药性明显升高。大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对碳青霉烯类耐药率平均为1.2%和12.8%。铜绿假单胞菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药率较低且有降低趋势,鲍曼不动杆菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药率较高且稳定。甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和甲氧西林耐药凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)的检出率分别为31.2%和71.4%,两者对常用抗菌药物的耐药性较稳定,MRSA的检出率有一定程度的降低。屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌对万古霉素和利奈唑胺均保持高度活性,对常用抗菌药物的耐药性较稳定。结论2017—2023年本院无菌体液病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主。及时监测病原菌种类、分布和耐药情况以指导临床合理用药,可有效减缓细菌耐药性的产生。

小儿呼吸机相关性肺炎病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的分析小儿呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)病原菌分布情况及耐药性。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年10月日照市中医医院收治的56例VAP患儿的临床资料,采集所有患儿气道分泌物进行病原菌培养及药敏试验,分析病原菌分布情况及耐药性。结果56例VAP患儿以晚发型为主,占比69.64%;共检出61株病原菌,其中革兰阴性菌47株(77.05%),以鲍曼不动杆菌(29.51%)、铜绿假单胞菌(22.95%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(14.75%)为主;革兰阳性菌12株(19.67%),以金黄色葡萄球菌(8.20%)、肺炎链球菌(6.56%)为主;真菌2株(3.28%)。主要革兰阴性菌鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、头孢唑林耐药性均>50.00%,对亚胺培南、美罗培南未产生耐药性。革兰阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌对青霉素、氨苄西林、红霉素耐药性均≥75.00%,对替考拉宁、万古霉素未产生耐药性。结论小儿VAP以晚发型为主,革兰阴性菌为主要致病菌,且整体致病菌对常规抗菌药物呈广谱耐药现象,需依据药敏结果选用针对性药物治疗,促进感染消退。

细菌性脑膜炎症候群患儿菌群情况及其耐药分析

目的调查研究细菌性脑膜炎症候群患儿菌群情况以及耐药情况。方法选择199例细菌性脑膜炎症候群患儿为研究对象,采集所有患儿的脑脊液标本完成细菌培养以及药敏试验。分析病原菌分布情况及主要病原菌耐药特点。结果199例患儿脑脊液共检出病原菌61株,按照占比从高到低的顺序分别为肺炎链球菌、无乳链球菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、屎肠球菌、白色念球菌、脑膜炎奈瑟菌及其他,占比分别为31.15%、21.31%、19.67%、16.39%、3.28%、3.28%、1.64%、1.64%、1.64%。大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南以及美罗培南的耐药性均为0,对其他抗菌药物均有不同程度的耐药性;脑膜炎奈瑟菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南、头孢曲松以及头孢噻肟耐药性均为0,对其他抗菌药物均有不同程度的耐药性。肺炎链球菌对万古霉素的耐药性均为0,对其他抗菌药物均有不同程度的耐药性;无乳链球菌对头孢哌酮的耐药性为0,对环丙沙星的耐药率为7.69%,而对其他抗菌药物均有明显耐药性;金黄色葡萄球菌对万古霉素以及利奈唑胺的耐药性均为0,对其他抗菌药物均有不同程度耐药性;凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌对万古霉素以及利奈唑胺的耐药性均为0,对其他抗菌药物均有不同程度耐药。结论细菌性脑膜炎症候群患儿致病菌以肺炎链球菌、无乳链球菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌以及脑膜炎奈瑟菌为主,且不同致病菌对不同抗菌药物的耐药性不同,临床工作中应根据药敏试验结果合理选用抗菌药物。

ICU感染病原菌分布情况及耐药性分析

目的:分析重症监护室(ICU)感染病原菌分布情况及耐药性。方法:回顾性分析2019年12月—2022年12月阜宁县人民医院收治的120例ICU患者的病例资料。统计ICU患者院内感染发生情况及病原菌分布特征,分析ICU院内感染患者耐药情况。结果:120例ICU患者共有30例发生院内感染,院内感染的发生率为25.00%。120例ICU院内感染患者共检出菌株35株,其中20株为革兰阴性菌,占病原菌总株数的57.14%,12株为革兰阳性菌,占病原菌总株数的34.29%,3株为真菌,占病原菌总株数的8.57%。对肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌两种主要革兰阴性菌进行耐药性分析:肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢唑啉、左旋氧氟沙星、头孢吡肟的耐药率均>50.00%;肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南、红霉素的耐药率最低,均为20.00%,对头孢唑啉的耐药率最高,为100.00%。大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林、莫西沙星的耐药率均≥50.00%;大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南的耐药率最低,为0,对氨苄西林的耐药率最高,为75.00%。对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌两种主要革兰阳性菌进行耐药性分析;金黄色葡萄球菌对氨苄西林、左旋氧氟沙星、红霉素的耐药率均>50.00%;表皮葡萄球菌对氨苄西林、红霉素的耐药率均为100.00%;金黄色葡萄球菌对莫西沙星的耐药率为0;表皮葡萄球菌对利福平的耐药率为0。结论:ICU患者检出病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,多数病原菌存在不同程度的耐药,在临床治疗中需根据药敏结果有针对性地进行合理用药。

2018年-2021年南阳市医院抗菌药物使用情况与常见细菌耐药性相关性分析

目的:探讨南阳市第一人民医院抗菌药物的使用情况及与常见的细菌耐药的相关性。方法:收集南阳市第一人民医院2018年1月至2021年12月临床患者送检的阳性标本,统计临床标本分离病原菌检出情况、常见抗菌药物消耗情况以及常见的革兰氏阴性杆菌、阳性球菌对抗菌药物产生的耐药率(%)与抗菌药物用药频度(Frequency of defined daily doses,DDDs)的相关性。结果:我院2018年至2021年抗菌药物DDDs较高的抗菌药物依次为美洛西林、头孢他啶、哌拉西林他唑巴坦,检出率较高的病原菌分别为大肠埃希氏菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等。大肠埃希菌产生的耐药率与哌拉西林他唑巴坦、头孢呋辛钠DDDs均有相关性(r=-0.107、0.432);肺炎克雷伯菌产生的耐药率与哌拉西林他唑巴坦、左氧氟沙星氯化钠、头孢呋辛钠DDDs呈正相关(r=0.410、0.720、0.420);铜绿假单胞菌与哌拉西林他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮舒巴坦钠DDDs呈正相关(r=0.716、0.933);金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药率与左氧氟沙星DDDs呈正相关(r=0.661);肺炎链球菌产生的耐药率与左氧氟沙星、头孢呋辛钠DDDs均存在正相关关系(r=0.416和0.482)。结论:抗菌药物的DDDs与常见细菌产生的耐药性具有一定的相关性,我院应严格控制抗菌药物的DDDs,根据感染性病种及药敏试验结果选择适当的抗菌药,加强常见病原菌的耐药监测。

太仓地区糖尿病足部感染患者病原菌分布及药敏和耐药性分析

目的探究太仓地区糖尿病足部感染患者病原菌分布及药敏和耐药情况。方法将70例糖尿病足部感染分泌物阳性患者纳入本次研究中,收取时间段在2013年8月至2022年3月,对患者病原菌分布、药敏、耐药性进行分析。结果70例患者中,一共检出26种类细菌,均为革兰阳性菌感染33例(共计41株),占比47.14%;均为革兰阴性菌感染26例(共29株),占比37.14%;阳性菌与阴性菌混合感染11例(共计22株),占比15.71%。在均是革兰阳性菌感染中以金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌最常见,药敏提示它们对万古霉素、利奈唑胺、利福平、莫西沙星敏感性高,对青霉素、红霉素、克林霉素、苯唑西林耐药;均为革兰阴性菌感染的菌株较多,大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌、奇异变形杆菌较多见,药敏提示对亚胺培南、氨曲南、环丙沙星、哌拉西林他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦敏感性高,少部分对头孢曲松、头孢呋辛耐药。阳性菌与阴性菌混合感染中,药敏提示它们对万古霉素、利奈唑胺、美罗培南、利福平、莫西沙星、哌拉西林舒巴坦敏感,对青霉素、红霉素、克林霉素、头孢呋辛、头孢曲松、头孢他啶、氨苄西林、环丙沙星、磺胺甲噁唑耐药,耐药率明显上升。结论太仓地区糖尿病足感染的致病菌分布广泛,经验性选择抗生素利于控制感染,病原学检测和药敏实验可为抗感染治疗提供精准依据。