Experimental Analysis of the Flow Characteristics of an Adjustable Critical-Flow Venturi Nozzle

The response of an adjustable critical-flow Venturi nozzle is investigated through a set indoor experiments aimed to determine the related critical flow rate,critical pressure ratio,and discharge coefficient.The effect of a variation in the cone displacement and liquid content on the critical flow characteristics is examined in detail and it is shown that the former can be used to effectively adjust the critical flow rate.The critical pressure ratio of the considered nozzle is above 0.85,and the critical flow control deviation of the gas flow is within±3%.Liquid flow can reduce the gas critical mass flow rate accordingly,especially for the cases with larger liquid volume and lower inlet pressure.The set of results and conclusions provided are intended to support the optimization of steam injection techniques in the context of heavy oil recovery processes.

基于Venturi效应的两相流雾化喷嘴设计与性能试验

现有的两相流雾化喷嘴普遍存在着出口气流速度低、雾滴粒径大且雾滴粒径分布不均匀等缺点,不适合应用于设施农业的植物防治。为解决上述问题,结合Venturi阀芯可以产生高的气液两相速度差和负压吸水的效应,设计了一种基于Venturi效应的两相流雾化喷嘴。运用CFD数值模拟的方法分析了Venturi式两相流雾化喷嘴的流场密度、压力、速度及喷嘴出口平面速度分布规律,数值仿真结果表明,气压在0.2、0.3、0.4MPa时,对应的出口速度分别为338、410、426m/s;对试制的雾化喷嘴的物理样机进行性能试验,主要测试喷嘴的出气口风速和雾滴粒径大小与分布,探究不同气压对Venturi式喷嘴雾化性能的影响规律。试验结果表明,气压在0.2、0.3、0.4MPa时,对应的出口速度分别为345.5、425.7、437.4m/s,喷嘴出口速度的实测值与仿真值得相对偏差在5%以内;当气压在0.2、0.3MPa时,Venturi式雾化喷嘴的雾滴粒径在3~65μm内,达到85%以上,而当气压达到0.4MPa时,雾滴粒径在3~65μm内,达到98%;气压在0.2、0.3、0.4MPa时,分别为45.64、43.16、36.75μm,可以得出Venturi式雾化喷嘴的雾滴粒径细小,达到烟雾级且分布均匀;在相同水压下,随着气压的增大,雾滴粒径的D10、D50、D90和Dav均呈现减小趋势。该研究可为Venturi式两相流雾化喷嘴在植物保护领域的应用提供参考。

文丘里(Venturi)吸鱼泵研究

介绍了文丘里(Venturi)射流吸鱼泵的结构、原理及应用。文丘里吸鱼泵无叶轮,靠水射流产生负压来抽送活鱼,输送过程中活鱼无损伤,每小时输送活鱼(鱼水混合)20 t,扬程5 m,效率高,适用于深水网箱养殖。

Performance of a Horizontally Mounted Venturi in Low-pressure Wet Gas Flow

The performance of a Venturi tube used in wet gas flow have been explored mainly under higher-pressure condition, but very often, low-pressure test exists in some oil and gas fields in Tianjin Dagang Oil and Gas Field in China. In this study, the performance of horizontally mounted Venturi meters in low-pressure wet gas flow is discussed. Three 50 mm Venturi meters were tested systematically, with fl values of 0.4048, 0.55 and 0.70, the opera- tion pressure of 0.15 MPa, 0.20 MPa, 0.25 MPa, the gas densiometric Froude number from 0.6 to 2.0, the modified Lockhart-Maretinelli parameter from 0.0022 to 0.06, and the ratio of the gas liquid mass flow rate from 0.5 to 0.99. The effects of modified Lockhart-Maretinelli parameter, pressure, gas densiometric Froude number, diameter ratio, and gas-liquid mass flow rate ratio to the Venturi tube are analyzed with new independent data. Furthermore, low-pressure performance was compared with that under high pressure.

Investigation of oil-air two-phase mass flow rate measurement using Venturi and void fraction sensor

Oil-air two-phase flow measurement was investigated with a Venturi and void fraction meters in this work. This paper proposes a new flow rate measurement correlation in which the effect of the velocity ratio between gas and liquid was considered. With the pressure drop across the Venturi and the void fraction that was measured by electrical capacitance tomography apparatus, both mixture flow rate and oil flow rate could be obtained by the correlation. Experiments included bubble-, slug-, wave and annular flow with the void fraction ranging from 15% to 83%, the oil flow rate ranging from 0.97 kg/s to 1.78 kg/s, the gas flow rate ranging up to 0.018 kg/s and quality ranging nearly up to 2.0%. The root-mean-square errors of mixture mass flow rate and that of oil mass flow rate were less than 5%. Furthermore, coefficients of the correlation were modified based on flow regimes, with the results showing reduced root-mean-square errors.

A visualized study of interfacial behavior of air–water two-phase flow in a rectangular Venturi channel

A visualized investigation was carried out on the effect of the diverging angle on the bubble motion and interfacial behavior in a Venturi-type bubble generator.It was found two or three large vortexes formed in the diverging section,resulting in strong reentrant jet flow in the front of the bubbles or slugs rushing out of the throat.The jet flow in return bumps into the ongoing bubbles or slugs,leading to strong interaction between the gas and liquid phases.The diverging angle has significant influence on the reentrant flow process and the performance of the bubble generator as well.Increasing the diverging angle results in the reentrant flow moving further forward to the upstream and intensifies the interaction between the two phases.As a consequence,the breakup or collapse of bubbles becomes more violent,whereby finer bubbles are generated.As such,the reentrant flow strongly links to the performance of the Venturi channel taken as a bubble generator,and that a moderate increase in the diverging angle can improve its performance without additional increase in flow resistance like that by increasing liquid flow rate.

Numerical Simulation of Three-dimensional Heat and Mass Transfer in Spray Cooling of Converter Gas in a Venturi Scrubber

In order to predict the pressure drop, collection efficiency, velocity, temperature and mole fraction of vapor in an industrial venturi scrubber with water spraying for converter gas cooling, a three-dimensional model of heat and mass transfer with phase change is established. The gas flow and liquid droplets are treated as a continuous phase with a Eulerian approach and as a discrete phase with a Lagrangian approach, respectively. The coupled problem of heat, force, and mass transfers between gas flow and liquid droplets is solved by a commercial computational fluid dynamics（CFD） package, FLUENT. The numerical results show that the water injections have an important influence on the distributions of pressure, velocity, temperature, and mole fraction of vapor, especially for the spraying region in the throat. In the spraying region, the pressure drop is higher and the velocity is lower than in other regions due to the gas-droplet drag, while the temperature is lower because the droplet absorbs large amounts of heat from the high temperature gas and the mole fraction of vapor is higher due to the phase change of the liquid droplet. A number of cases with different Water-to-gas volume flow ratios and baffle openings were simulated. The dependence of pressure drop, velocity, temperature, mole fraction of vapor, and collection efficiency on both the water-to-gas volume flow ratio and baffle opening are analyzed. The good agreements between simulation results and experiment data of pressure drop, temperature, and collection efficiency validate the model. The model should facilitate optimization of the venturi scrubber design in order to give better performance with lower pressure drops and higher collection efficiency.

Pico–nano bubble column flotation using static mixer-venturi tube for Pittsburgh No.8 coal seam

The flotation process is a particle-hydrophobic surface-based separation technique. To improve the essential flotation steps of collision and attachment probabilities, and reduce the step of detachment probabilities between air bubbles and hydrophobic particles, a selectively designed cavitation venturi tube combined with a static mixer can be used to generate very high numbers of pico and nano bubbles in a flotation column. Fully embraced by those high numbers of tiny bubbles, hydrophobic particles readily attract the tiny bubbles to their surfaces. The results of column flotation of Pittsburgh No. 8 seam coal are obtained in a 5.08 cm ID and 162 cm height flotation column equipped with a static mixer and cavitation venturi tube, using kerosene as collector and MIBC as frother. Design of the experimental procedure is combined with a statistical two-stepwise analysis to determine the optimal operating conditions for maximum recovery at a specified grade. The effect of independent variables on the responses has been explained. Combustible material recovery of 85–90% at clean coal product of 10–11% ash is obtained from feed of 29.6% ash, with a much-reduced amount of frother and collector than that used in conventional column flotation. The column flotation process utilizing pico and nano bubbles can also be extended to the lower limit and upper limit of particle size ranges, minus 75 lm and 300–600 lm, respectively, for better recovery.

Gas-Solid Flow Behavior in a Pneumatic Conveying System for Drying Applications: Coarse Particles Feeding with a Venturi Device

The feeding of coarse particles (>0.5 mm diameter) directly into a riser operating at positive pressure is important for drying and pre-heating applications. The presence of the feeding device can lead to heterogeneity of drying and heating, and is the main factor responsible for pressure loss in short conveying systems. However, there is a lack of information concerning the axial and radial distributions of coarse particles in this type of configuration, despite the recent advances when dealing with fine particles (FCC catalyst). The present work therefore investigates a vertical venturi feeder with the conveying system operating in dilute-phase regime with 1 mm spherical glass particles. Experimental assays revealed the behavior of the mass flow rate of solids in the system, and pressure measurements were made along the riser in order to evaluate the accuracy of simulations. Euler-Euler simulations provided close estimation of the experimental pressure drop and the pressure drop according to distance in the linear region. Simulation of the fluid dynamics in the riser showed that solids clusters were formed at low concentrations near the feeding device, reflecting heterogeneity in the solid phase volume fraction.

Study on the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Venturi-Rod Deck Tray

The Venturi-rod deck tray is a type of dual flow trays used in flue gas desulfurization(FGD) process. In this paper, the hydrodynamic characteristics of the Venturi-rod deck tray were studied in the experiments and compared with the conventional sieve tray. Results showed the turndown ratio of this tray was in the range of 2.71—3.77, which was by 9% higher than the sieve tray. Besides, the pressure drop of this tray was by more than 50% lower than the sieve tray. Based on the experimental data, the correlation functions for the pressure drop and the froth height, respectively, were obtained. The industrial scale up practice of this tray in FGD process was described with the efficiency of this tray demonstrated.

Flow Field of Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor with Venturi Inlet Configuration

Different two-equation k-ε models were used to simulate the gas flow field generated by a new type of circulating fluidized bed reactor with venturi gas distributor. The numerical results were compared with the experimental data. It has been shown that the simulation results from the standard k-ε model have the best match with the experimental data. Based on this model, the gas flow field in the venturi diffuser and riser was analyzed by the concept of velocity nonuniformity and dead zone percentage. Both the nonuniformity of gas velocity and the dead zone percentage reach the maximum at the venturi outlet due to the effect of the vortex. At the same time, it provides a good platform for the further optimization of the inlet configuration of circulating fluidized bed reactor.

Study on Venturi nozzle for gas-liquid two-phase flow metering

Experiments were carried out to study gas-liquid two-phase flow through a horizontally mounted Venturi nozzle. The inner diameter of pipe is 25 mm and the throat diameter of Venturi nozzle is 5. 1 mm. The pressure difference and pressure loss across the nozzle were measured. It was found that the degree of pressure fluctuation strongly depends on the gas quality. However,the relationship between the standard deviation of pressure difference and the gas quality is not monotonous. Multiple solutions may occur when the relationship was used to determine gas quality. On the other hand,the standard deviation of pressure loss was found to be monotonously correlated to X. This phenomenon was applied to measured gas quality. Also a modified Lin's equation is proposed to calculate the two-phase flow rate. The experimental measurements agree well with the predicted values.

Venturi式掺混器几何参数对性能的影响

微气泡发生器在污水处理中具有重要用途, Venturi式气液两相掺混器在微气泡生成方面具有众多优良特性.采用数值模拟方法研究了Venturi式掺混器结构几何参数对其掺混性能的影响.运用单一变量法分别研究了不同收缩段曲线,进气孔数目,扩张角的角度对掺混性能的影响,通过对比不同模型仿真结果的出口段气体体积分数、沿轴向压力变化及沿轴向湍动能变化,得出掺混性能最佳的几何参数.研究收缩段曲线时,发现一次直线的气液掺混性能在所选的5条收缩段曲线中最好;研究进气孔数量时,比较了1, 2, 4个进气孔对掺混性能的影响,发现在一定的进气孔数目范围内,进气孔数目的增加可以提高气液掺混效率;研究扩张角变化对掺混效率的影响时,得出在6～9°的范围内,随着扩张角的增大,气液掺混效率随之显著增大.

Venturi面罩吸氧与双侧鼻导管吸氧的临床观察

1 临床资料 1.1 一般资料 慢阻肺病氧疗是关键措施之一,临床应用的氧疗方法有单侧鼻导管吸氧及鼻塞吸氧,由于这两种方法吸氧浓度不恒定,易堵塞,对局部有刺激性,大多数患者不能耐受,临床已基本不使用。老式面罩吸氧易致CO_2潴留,临床上未能广泛使用,比较广泛使用的有双侧鼻导管吸氧及新型的Venturi面罩吸氧。

Modeling Submicron Particles Collection in Laminar Forced Convection Gas Flow by a Rectangular Venturi Scrubber

Venturi scrubbers are usually used for large particles cleaning in turbulent gaseous flow. In this work, submicron particles scrubbing in laminar forced convection dusty air flow in a rectangular venturi scrubber have been numerically simulated. Hydrodynamics effects and scrubbing process are investigated in detail. Results are presented as flow velocity, axial pressure, streamlines pattern, particles and droplets mass fraction profile, and collect efficiency. They show that venturi scrubbers can be efficient for submicron particles scrubbing. In fact, a better collect efficiency is obtained at high particles-droplets residence time, high ratio droplets concentration/particles concentration, low venturi diameter ratioand low Reynolds numbers. There is a critical Reynolds number value for which the collect efficiency becomes very low and tends to be constant.

Design Optimization Analysis of Venturi Tube for Medium Conveying in Strengthen Grinding Process

Venturi tubes are widely used in manufacture and chemical industry and attract broad attention. To improve the transmission efficiency, the optimization of Venturi tube has been carried out, the transport substances involved in either liquid, solid, gas or two of them. The Venturi tubes that used for conveying of three-phase flow, which is consisted of solid, liquid and gas, are poorly investigated. In this paper, a Venturi tube employed in one surface treatment equipment was proposed. The velocity and pressure distribution in the flow field of Venturi tube with different key geometric parameters including diameter ratio, convergence angle and diffuser angle have been studied. One optimal solution has been selected. The negative pressure of suction port can reach a value as high as -1550 Pa to -1600 Pa. Such negative pressure offers the opportunities for transporting mixed abrasive.

一种新型的多路分液器

本文介绍了Venturi型的多路分液器与德国KüBA公司研制的KüBA-CAL型分液器,并比较了它们的工作原理及各种性能。

文丘里吸氧装置应用于人工气道患者的临床研究

目的探讨文丘里（Venturi）吸氧装置应用于人工气道患者撤离呼吸机至拔除气管切开套管前的应用效果。方法选取气管切开机械通气48 h以上、撤离呼吸机至拔除气管套管前的患者86例,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组43例。实验组患者使用文丘里吸氧装置吸氧,对照组患者使用单鼻式吸氧管直接放入人工气道内吸氧,微泵持续滴入生理盐水于气道内湿化,3~5 ml/min,观察2组患者的呼吸频率、痰液黏稠度、人工气道堵塞、呛咳次数及吸痰次数。结果 2组患者呼吸频率均在正常范围之内,15~24次/min,其痰液黏稠度、呛咳次数及吸痰次数差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论文丘里吸氧装置能满足人工气道患者撤离呼吸机至拔除气管套管前的吸氧温湿度要求,降低痰液黏稠度,减少痰痂形成,减少呛咳发生,同时能减少吸痰次数,节省护士人力,值得推广使用。

Uncertainty analysis of flow rate measurement for multiphase flow using CFD

The venturi meter has an advantage in its use,because it can measure flow without being much affected by the type of the measured fluid or flow conditions.Hence,it has excellent versatility and is being widely applied in many industries.The flow of a liquid containing air is a representative example of a multiphase flow and exhibits complex flow characteristics.In particular,the greater the gas volume fraction（GVF）,the more inhomogeneous the flow becomes.As a result,using a venturi meter to measure the rate of a flow that has a high GVF generates an error.In this study,the cause of the error occurred in measuring the flow rate for the multiphase flow when using the venturi meter for analysis by CFD.To ensure the reliability of this study,the accuracy of the multiphase flow models for numerical analysis was verified through comparison between the calculated results of numerical analysis and the experimental data.As a result,the Grace model,which is a multiphase flow model established by an experiment with water and air,was confirmed to have the highest reliability.Finally,the characteristics of the internal flow Held about the multiphase flow analysis result generated by applying the Grace model were analyzed to find the cause of the uncertainty occurring when measuring the flow rate of the multiphase flow using the venturi meter.A phase separation phenomenon occurred due to a density difference of water and air inside the venturi,and flow inhomogeneity happened according to the flow velocity difference of each phase.It was confirmed that this flow inhomogeneity increased as the GVF increased due to the uncertainty of the flow measurement.

Effect of exhaust gas recirculation and intake pre-heating on performance and emission characteristics of dual fuel engines at part loads

Achieving simultaneous reduction of NOx,CO and unburned hydrocarbon(UHC) emissions without compromising engine performance at part loads is the current focus of dual fuel engine research.The present work focuses on an experimental investigation conducted on a dual fuel(diesel-natural gas) engine to examine the simultaneous effect of inlet air pre-heating and exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) ratio on performance and emission characteristics at part loads.The use of EGR at high levels seems to be unable to improve the engine performance at part loads.However,it is shown that EGR combined with pre-heating of inlet air can slightly increase thermal efficiency,resulting in reduced levels of both unburned hydrocarbon and NOx emissions.CO and UHC emissions are reduced by 24% and 31%,respectively,The NOx emissions decrease by 21% because of the lower combustion temperature due to the much inert gas brought by EGR and decreased oxygen concentration in the cylinder.