The goals of this overview is to discuss the ethics of telling the patient the truth, with some historical backgrounds and it is importance in medical practice, Justifying Less than Full Disclosure in some situations ...The goals of this overview is to discuss the ethics of telling the patient the truth, with some historical backgrounds and it is importance in medical practice, Justifying Less than Full Disclosure in some situations in which the truth may have a terrible impact on the occasional patient, and the influence of the culture on the health care professionals attitudes towards telling the patient the truth. Conclusion: The health care professionals need more awareness, and training in ethics of veracity and also in the communication skills especially in the context of breaking bad news in telling the patient the truth about diagnosis, treatment outcomes, and prognosis of any serious illness.展开更多
Shedao pit-vipers(Gloydius shedaoensis) on Snake Island in the Liaoning Province, China, are among the most imperiled species in China. The isolated and unique populations are crucial in the recovery of this endangere...Shedao pit-vipers(Gloydius shedaoensis) on Snake Island in the Liaoning Province, China, are among the most imperiled species in China. The isolated and unique populations are crucial in the recovery of this endangered species by providing a way for conservation and management. Research based on the ecological simulation tools can evaluate alternative mitigation strategies in terms of their benefits to the populations, which are vital for informed decision-making. In this paper, using the program VORTEX 9.42, we developed a population viability analysis(PVA) for the Shedao pit-viper to:(1) address the extinction likelihood of the population;(2) simulate population dynamics under various environment events, and(3) evaluate the efficacy of current protection and management strategies. Overall, we found the population to be susceptible to the factors of catastrophic events, mortality and environment capacity. The population is recovering slowly at present on account of improvement of habitat and greater food availability. Under the current conditions, the probability of extinction in 100 years is approximately zero. These data coincide with the evidence that the wild population may be arriving at K. Our results strengthen the view that protection and management can create a pronounced effect on populations of this endangered species.展开更多
The“success”of a polygraph examination is predicated on the establishment of differential or emotional salience(a“psychological set”)with an examinee.This,according to polygraph proponents,guarantees that an exami...The“success”of a polygraph examination is predicated on the establishment of differential or emotional salience(a“psychological set”)with an examinee.This,according to polygraph proponents,guarantees that an examinee will respond appropriately during the administration of the in-test(questioning)phase of the polygraph examination.However,polygraph procedure,as prescribed by its governing body,the American Polygraph Association(APA),is a static clinical Westernised process that does not make any provision for human multiplicity(culture/ethnicity,idiosyncrasies,level of education,language proficiency,ideologies,and so forth).Identical(one size fits all)test procedures are applied across the board–a highly controversial methodology.This article,instead of rigidly focusing on validity and reliability issues per se,explores the degree to which certain intentional and unintentional human behaviour modification strategies have the potential to counterbalance claimed polygraph rectitude from a metaphysical and discursive standpoint.The article exposes concerns(potential flaws)relating to polygraph theory in the context of the“psychological set”and is intended to serve as a caveat regarding the unmitigated use thereof.展开更多
The number circle—that is, the notion that the largest possible positive numbers are followed by infinity and then by the smallest possible negative numbers—is not new. L. Euler defended it in the eighteenth century...The number circle—that is, the notion that the largest possible positive numbers are followed by infinity and then by the smallest possible negative numbers—is not new. L. Euler defended it in the eighteenth century and, before him, J. Wallis considered something vaguely similar. However, in the nineteenth century, the number circle was for the most part abandoned—even if something similar is on occasion accepted in geometry, in the sense that space is circular. The design of the present paper is to present positive proof of the veracity of the number circle and therefore, at the same time, to falsify the number line. Verifying the number circle implies falsifying negative infinity and positive infinity—infinity instead being neither negative nor positive, just like 0. Part of said proof involves showing that infinity can be defined both as 1+1+1+1+1+1+... and as -1-1-1-1-1-... and that the following Equation applies: 1+1+1+1+1+1+...=-1-1-1-1-1-... The principal mathematical technique that will be used to provide said proof is introduced here for the first time. It is called the two dimensional infinite series. It is an infinite series of infinite series. Some additional observations regarding the geography of infinity will be made. A more detailed description of the geography of infinity will be reserved for other papers. The Equation is discussed in this paper only to the extent that the attention that has been paid to it has necessitated the construction of a theory of infinity that, upon closer inspection, makes the Equation more self-evident and intuitively apparent;a fuller discussion will take place in a later paper.展开更多
文摘The goals of this overview is to discuss the ethics of telling the patient the truth, with some historical backgrounds and it is importance in medical practice, Justifying Less than Full Disclosure in some situations in which the truth may have a terrible impact on the occasional patient, and the influence of the culture on the health care professionals attitudes towards telling the patient the truth. Conclusion: The health care professionals need more awareness, and training in ethics of veracity and also in the communication skills especially in the context of breaking bad news in telling the patient the truth about diagnosis, treatment outcomes, and prognosis of any serious illness.
基金funded by the Dalian City Environment Protection Bureau
文摘Shedao pit-vipers(Gloydius shedaoensis) on Snake Island in the Liaoning Province, China, are among the most imperiled species in China. The isolated and unique populations are crucial in the recovery of this endangered species by providing a way for conservation and management. Research based on the ecological simulation tools can evaluate alternative mitigation strategies in terms of their benefits to the populations, which are vital for informed decision-making. In this paper, using the program VORTEX 9.42, we developed a population viability analysis(PVA) for the Shedao pit-viper to:(1) address the extinction likelihood of the population;(2) simulate population dynamics under various environment events, and(3) evaluate the efficacy of current protection and management strategies. Overall, we found the population to be susceptible to the factors of catastrophic events, mortality and environment capacity. The population is recovering slowly at present on account of improvement of habitat and greater food availability. Under the current conditions, the probability of extinction in 100 years is approximately zero. These data coincide with the evidence that the wild population may be arriving at K. Our results strengthen the view that protection and management can create a pronounced effect on populations of this endangered species.
文摘The“success”of a polygraph examination is predicated on the establishment of differential or emotional salience(a“psychological set”)with an examinee.This,according to polygraph proponents,guarantees that an examinee will respond appropriately during the administration of the in-test(questioning)phase of the polygraph examination.However,polygraph procedure,as prescribed by its governing body,the American Polygraph Association(APA),is a static clinical Westernised process that does not make any provision for human multiplicity(culture/ethnicity,idiosyncrasies,level of education,language proficiency,ideologies,and so forth).Identical(one size fits all)test procedures are applied across the board–a highly controversial methodology.This article,instead of rigidly focusing on validity and reliability issues per se,explores the degree to which certain intentional and unintentional human behaviour modification strategies have the potential to counterbalance claimed polygraph rectitude from a metaphysical and discursive standpoint.The article exposes concerns(potential flaws)relating to polygraph theory in the context of the“psychological set”and is intended to serve as a caveat regarding the unmitigated use thereof.
文摘The number circle—that is, the notion that the largest possible positive numbers are followed by infinity and then by the smallest possible negative numbers—is not new. L. Euler defended it in the eighteenth century and, before him, J. Wallis considered something vaguely similar. However, in the nineteenth century, the number circle was for the most part abandoned—even if something similar is on occasion accepted in geometry, in the sense that space is circular. The design of the present paper is to present positive proof of the veracity of the number circle and therefore, at the same time, to falsify the number line. Verifying the number circle implies falsifying negative infinity and positive infinity—infinity instead being neither negative nor positive, just like 0. Part of said proof involves showing that infinity can be defined both as 1+1+1+1+1+1+... and as -1-1-1-1-1-... and that the following Equation applies: 1+1+1+1+1+1+...=-1-1-1-1-1-... The principal mathematical technique that will be used to provide said proof is introduced here for the first time. It is called the two dimensional infinite series. It is an infinite series of infinite series. Some additional observations regarding the geography of infinity will be made. A more detailed description of the geography of infinity will be reserved for other papers. The Equation is discussed in this paper only to the extent that the attention that has been paid to it has necessitated the construction of a theory of infinity that, upon closer inspection, makes the Equation more self-evident and intuitively apparent;a fuller discussion will take place in a later paper.
