As the unique heritage of culture,humor has its own characteristics.Whether the translation of verbal humor can convey the original culture accurately is vital.In this thesis,the author will make a study on the transl...As the unique heritage of culture,humor has its own characteristics.Whether the translation of verbal humor can convey the original culture accurately is vital.In this thesis,the author will make a study on the translation of verbal humor in Yu Hua 's novel Brothers from the perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory,which examines whether the translation version reproduces the style of the original text accurately and adequately.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Previous studies have analyzed cerebral activation and lateralization of cognitive functions, as well as cerebellar function with reference to high-level cognitive processing. However, there has been very...BACKGROUND： Previous studies have analyzed cerebral activation and lateralization of cognitive functions, as well as cerebellar function with reference to high-level cognitive processing. However, there has been very little research on systematization and diversification. In particular, there are no reports on cerebellar lateralization, although reliable results have been reported on cerebral lateralization. OBJECTIVE： This study analyzed cerebellar activation and lateralization in relation to verbal and visuospatial tasks using functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A block design for fMRI observation was performed at the fMRI Laboratory, Brain Science Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology from May 2006 to September 2008. PARTICIPANTS： Sixteen healthy, male, college students, aged （23.3 ± 0.5） years, and 16 healthy, male, college students, aged （21.5 ± 2.3） years, participated in the study, respectively. METHODS： Verbal and visuospatial tasks were presented while functional brain images were acquired using a 3T fMRI system. Verbal analogy testing required the subject to select the word with the same relationship as one of the given words. Verbal antonym testing required the subject to select the word with a different meaning among four words. Visuospatial tasks involved selecting a shape that corresponded to a given figure with four examples, as well as selecting a development figure of a diagram. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Changes in cerebellar activation and lateralization between two cognition tasks. RESULTS： Bilateral hemisphere Iobules VI and IX, right hemisphere Iobule VIII, bilateral hemisphere Iobules Crus I, and vermis Iobule IV, V, and Vl were closely related to verbal tasks in comparison to visuospatial tasks. Conversely, bilateral hemisphere Iobules IV and V, as well as the right hemisphere Iobule VI, were closely related to visuospatial tasks compared to verbal tasks. There was no great difference between the number of activated voxels in the cerebellums during the tasks, and cerebellar lateralization was not observed. CONCLUSION： In the cerebellum, the activation region, but not lateralization, was different between verbal and visuospatial tasks.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the association between atrophy in the prefrontal cortex with executive function and verbal fluency in elderly male and female patients poststroke. Thirty elderly female patients with n...This study aimed to investigate the association between atrophy in the prefrontal cortex with executive function and verbal fluency in elderly male and female patients poststroke. Thirty elderly female patients with non-aphasic ischemic stroke aged -〉 60 years and 30 age-matched non-aphasic male patients with ischemic stroke were recruited. Automatic magnetic resonance imaging segmentation was used to assess the volume of the whole prefrontal cortex, along with its subdivisions： anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The Semantic Verbal Fluency Test was administered at 3 and 15 months poststroke. At 3 months poststroke, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex volume was significantly correlated with Verbal Fluency Test score in female patients only （partial coefficient = 0.453, P = 0.045）, after controlling for age, education, diabetes, neurological deficit, white matter lesions volume, as well as the location and volume of infarcts. At 15 months poststroke, there remained a significant association between the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex volume and Verbal Fluency Test （partial coefficient = 0.661, P = 0.001） and between the left prefrontal cortex volume and Verbal Fluency Test （partial coefficient = 0.573, P = 0.004） in female patients after the same adjustments. These findings indicate that atrophy of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex contributes to the impairment of verbal fluency in elderly female patients with stroke. Sex differences may be present in the neuropsychological mechanisms of verbal fluency impairment in patients with stroke.展开更多
目的观察头电针联合低频经颅重复磁刺激(low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,LF-rTMS)治疗脑梗死后Broca失语的临床疗效。方法将符合纳入标准的63例脑梗死后Broca失语患者用随机数字表法分为观察组(n=31)、对...目的观察头电针联合低频经颅重复磁刺激(low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,LF-rTMS)治疗脑梗死后Broca失语的临床疗效。方法将符合纳入标准的63例脑梗死后Broca失语患者用随机数字表法分为观察组(n=31)、对照组(n=32),每组30例完成所有结果评价。两组均予以临床对症支持治疗、语言康复训练及右侧大脑半球LF-r TMS治疗,观察组另行左侧大脑半球头电针治疗,对照组行左侧大脑半球头针治疗。治疗前后,均进行西方失语症成套测验(the Western aphasia battery,WAB)评分、中国式功能性言语沟通能力检查法(chinese functional communication profile,CFCP)评分及波士顿诊断性失语症检查(Boston diagnostic aphasia examination,BDAE)评级测试,并根据BDAE评级结果计算出显愈、显效和总有效率以判定临床疗效。结果治疗6周后,观察组总有效率为96.67%,显著高于对照组的76.67%(P<0.05);两组患者的自发言语、听理解、复述、命名评分及言语沟通能力的评分均明显上升(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者的失语症等级皆提高(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论头电针联合LF-rTMS治疗脑梗死后Broca失语患者可有效改善其语言功能,值得临床推广应用。展开更多
The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between cognitive function and employment in Japanese schizophrenia patients. Subjects were 61 outpatients. Cognitive function was assessed using the Br...The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between cognitive function and employment in Japanese schizophrenia patients. Subjects were 61 outpatients. Cognitive function was assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia. Clinical symptoms were also evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia. Verbal memory (F(1, 58) = 5.50, p = 0.02) and attention and speed of information processing scores (F(1, 58) = 4.92, p = 0.03) showed significant differences between employment and unemployment groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that employment was significantly predicted by verbal memory (x<sup>2</sup> = 16.09, df = 2, p = 0.01) and depression scores (x<sup>2</sup> = 16.09, df = 2, p = 0.02). The results suggest that improving verbal memory and depression may lead to employment in Japanese schizophrenia patients.展开更多
目的:利用快速识别整合多元化文献证据的概况性评价方法,分析近年来有关精神分裂症言语流畅性任务功能近红外光谱研究。方法:检索PubMed、Web Of Science、中国知网、维普、万方等数据库2014年1月-2021年6月精神分裂症言语流畅性任务的...目的:利用快速识别整合多元化文献证据的概况性评价方法,分析近年来有关精神分裂症言语流畅性任务功能近红外光谱研究。方法:检索PubMed、Web Of Science、中国知网、维普、万方等数据库2014年1月-2021年6月精神分裂症言语流畅性任务的功能近红外光谱研究报告。依据概况性评价指南和清单制作综述。结果:纳入23篇文献。70%研究采用字母流畅性任务,5项研究探索精神分裂症生物学标记物分类方法。前额叶亚区与临床变量相关性结果不一致。结论:言语流畅任务下功能近红外光谱研究显示前额叶功能异常可能是精神分裂症的候选生物学标志物。展开更多
It remains unclear whether language tasks in one＇s first （L1） or second （L2） language can cause stress responses and whether frontal, autonomic and behavioral responses to stressful tasks are correlated. In this ...It remains unclear whether language tasks in one＇s first （L1） or second （L2） language can cause stress responses and whether frontal, autonomic and behavioral responses to stressful tasks are correlated. In this study, we studied 22 Chinese subjects whose L2 was English and measured the cerebral blood oxygenation in their frontal lobe by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy （fNIRS） as par- ticipants engaged in a mental arithmetic task （MAT） and verbal fluency tasks （VFTs） in L1 （Chinese） and L2 （English）. To examine the activated cortical areas, we estimated the channel location based on Montreal Neurological Institute （MNI） standard brain space by using a-probabilistic estimation method. We evaluated heart rate （HR） changes to analyze autonomic nervous system （ANS） functioning. We found that the MAT and VFTs induced greater increases in HR than did the control （Ctrl） task. Further- more, subjects developed greater increases in HR in the MAT and VFTt~ than they did in the VFTL1. Compared with the Ctrl task, the MAT and both VFTLland VFTL2 produced robust and widespread bi- lateral activation of the frontal cortex. Interestingly, partial correlation analysis indicated that the activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus （LIFG） [Brodmarm＇s area （BA） 47] was consistently correlated with the increases in HR across the three tasks （MAT, VFTL2, and VFTL1）, after controlling for the performance data. The present results suggested that a VFT in L2 may be more stressful than in L1. The LIFG may affect the activation of the sympathetic system induced by stressful tasks, includin~ MATs and VFTs.展开更多
文摘As the unique heritage of culture,humor has its own characteristics.Whether the translation of verbal humor can convey the original culture accurately is vital.In this thesis,the author will make a study on the translation of verbal humor in Yu Hua 's novel Brothers from the perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory,which examines whether the translation version reproduces the style of the original text accurately and adequately.
文摘BACKGROUND： Previous studies have analyzed cerebral activation and lateralization of cognitive functions, as well as cerebellar function with reference to high-level cognitive processing. However, there has been very little research on systematization and diversification. In particular, there are no reports on cerebellar lateralization, although reliable results have been reported on cerebral lateralization. OBJECTIVE： This study analyzed cerebellar activation and lateralization in relation to verbal and visuospatial tasks using functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A block design for fMRI observation was performed at the fMRI Laboratory, Brain Science Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology from May 2006 to September 2008. PARTICIPANTS： Sixteen healthy, male, college students, aged （23.3 ± 0.5） years, and 16 healthy, male, college students, aged （21.5 ± 2.3） years, participated in the study, respectively. METHODS： Verbal and visuospatial tasks were presented while functional brain images were acquired using a 3T fMRI system. Verbal analogy testing required the subject to select the word with the same relationship as one of the given words. Verbal antonym testing required the subject to select the word with a different meaning among four words. Visuospatial tasks involved selecting a shape that corresponded to a given figure with four examples, as well as selecting a development figure of a diagram. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Changes in cerebellar activation and lateralization between two cognition tasks. RESULTS： Bilateral hemisphere Iobules VI and IX, right hemisphere Iobule VIII, bilateral hemisphere Iobules Crus I, and vermis Iobule IV, V, and Vl were closely related to verbal tasks in comparison to visuospatial tasks. Conversely, bilateral hemisphere Iobules IV and V, as well as the right hemisphere Iobule VI, were closely related to visuospatial tasks compared to verbal tasks. There was no great difference between the number of activated voxels in the cerebellums during the tasks, and cerebellar lateralization was not observed. CONCLUSION： In the cerebellum, the activation region, but not lateralization, was different between verbal and visuospatial tasks.
基金supported by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong SAR,No. 452906
文摘This study aimed to investigate the association between atrophy in the prefrontal cortex with executive function and verbal fluency in elderly male and female patients poststroke. Thirty elderly female patients with non-aphasic ischemic stroke aged -〉 60 years and 30 age-matched non-aphasic male patients with ischemic stroke were recruited. Automatic magnetic resonance imaging segmentation was used to assess the volume of the whole prefrontal cortex, along with its subdivisions： anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The Semantic Verbal Fluency Test was administered at 3 and 15 months poststroke. At 3 months poststroke, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex volume was significantly correlated with Verbal Fluency Test score in female patients only （partial coefficient = 0.453, P = 0.045）, after controlling for age, education, diabetes, neurological deficit, white matter lesions volume, as well as the location and volume of infarcts. At 15 months poststroke, there remained a significant association between the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex volume and Verbal Fluency Test （partial coefficient = 0.661, P = 0.001） and between the left prefrontal cortex volume and Verbal Fluency Test （partial coefficient = 0.573, P = 0.004） in female patients after the same adjustments. These findings indicate that atrophy of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex contributes to the impairment of verbal fluency in elderly female patients with stroke. Sex differences may be present in the neuropsychological mechanisms of verbal fluency impairment in patients with stroke.
文摘目的观察头电针联合低频经颅重复磁刺激(low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,LF-rTMS)治疗脑梗死后Broca失语的临床疗效。方法将符合纳入标准的63例脑梗死后Broca失语患者用随机数字表法分为观察组(n=31)、对照组(n=32),每组30例完成所有结果评价。两组均予以临床对症支持治疗、语言康复训练及右侧大脑半球LF-r TMS治疗,观察组另行左侧大脑半球头电针治疗,对照组行左侧大脑半球头针治疗。治疗前后,均进行西方失语症成套测验(the Western aphasia battery,WAB)评分、中国式功能性言语沟通能力检查法(chinese functional communication profile,CFCP)评分及波士顿诊断性失语症检查(Boston diagnostic aphasia examination,BDAE)评级测试,并根据BDAE评级结果计算出显愈、显效和总有效率以判定临床疗效。结果治疗6周后,观察组总有效率为96.67%,显著高于对照组的76.67%(P<0.05);两组患者的自发言语、听理解、复述、命名评分及言语沟通能力的评分均明显上升(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者的失语症等级皆提高(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论头电针联合LF-rTMS治疗脑梗死后Broca失语患者可有效改善其语言功能,值得临床推广应用。
文摘The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between cognitive function and employment in Japanese schizophrenia patients. Subjects were 61 outpatients. Cognitive function was assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia. Clinical symptoms were also evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia. Verbal memory (F(1, 58) = 5.50, p = 0.02) and attention and speed of information processing scores (F(1, 58) = 4.92, p = 0.03) showed significant differences between employment and unemployment groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that employment was significantly predicted by verbal memory (x<sup>2</sup> = 16.09, df = 2, p = 0.01) and depression scores (x<sup>2</sup> = 16.09, df = 2, p = 0.02). The results suggest that improving verbal memory and depression may lead to employment in Japanese schizophrenia patients.
文摘目的:利用快速识别整合多元化文献证据的概况性评价方法,分析近年来有关精神分裂症言语流畅性任务功能近红外光谱研究。方法:检索PubMed、Web Of Science、中国知网、维普、万方等数据库2014年1月-2021年6月精神分裂症言语流畅性任务的功能近红外光谱研究报告。依据概况性评价指南和清单制作综述。结果:纳入23篇文献。70%研究采用字母流畅性任务,5项研究探索精神分裂症生物学标记物分类方法。前额叶亚区与临床变量相关性结果不一致。结论:言语流畅任务下功能近红外光谱研究显示前额叶功能异常可能是精神分裂症的候选生物学标志物。
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China("863"Program,No.2012AA020905)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81171143)+1 种基金the Project of International Cooperation and Exchanges of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81161160570)the Zhou Dafu Medical Research Fund(No.202836019-03)
文摘It remains unclear whether language tasks in one＇s first （L1） or second （L2） language can cause stress responses and whether frontal, autonomic and behavioral responses to stressful tasks are correlated. In this study, we studied 22 Chinese subjects whose L2 was English and measured the cerebral blood oxygenation in their frontal lobe by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy （fNIRS） as par- ticipants engaged in a mental arithmetic task （MAT） and verbal fluency tasks （VFTs） in L1 （Chinese） and L2 （English）. To examine the activated cortical areas, we estimated the channel location based on Montreal Neurological Institute （MNI） standard brain space by using a-probabilistic estimation method. We evaluated heart rate （HR） changes to analyze autonomic nervous system （ANS） functioning. We found that the MAT and VFTs induced greater increases in HR than did the control （Ctrl） task. Further- more, subjects developed greater increases in HR in the MAT and VFTt~ than they did in the VFTL1. Compared with the Ctrl task, the MAT and both VFTLland VFTL2 produced robust and widespread bi- lateral activation of the frontal cortex. Interestingly, partial correlation analysis indicated that the activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus （LIFG） [Brodmarm＇s area （BA） 47] was consistently correlated with the increases in HR across the three tasks （MAT, VFTL2, and VFTL1）, after controlling for the performance data. The present results suggested that a VFT in L2 may be more stressful than in L1. The LIFG may affect the activation of the sympathetic system induced by stressful tasks, includin~ MATs and VFTs.
