Effective component from verbena officinalis L.inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human choriocarcinoma JAR cells

Objective:To examine the action of the effective component,4'-methylether-scutellarein,from Verbena officinalis L.(VOL)on the proliferation and apoptosis of human choriocarcinomaJAR cells.Methods:Cell proliferation was measured by MTT[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-di-phenyl tetrasodium bromide,MTT]assay and the incorporation of tritiated thymidine(~3H-TdR).Apoptosis of cell was evaluated by flow cytometry(FCM)and the characteristic apoptoticDNA ladder by agarose gel electrophoresis,and the morphological changes of apoptotic JAR cellswere observed under fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy(EM).Expressions of ap-optosis proteins,poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP)and caspase-3,-8,and -9 were deter-mined with Western blot.Results:The effective component from VOL inhibited the proliferation of JAR cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner.The treated cell cycle was arrested in S phase and an apoptotic peakwas found in S phase using FCM analysis.A typical DNA ladder appeared in the treatment groupwhen analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis.Using fluorescence microscopy,the percentage ofapoptotic cell was 0.9%,6%,and 14% after treatments of 10,20,and 40 mg·L^(-1) of the effec-tive component,respectively,for 48 h.Typical apoptotic changes,such as condensed chromatinand presence of apoptotic bodies,were observed under EM.Treatment with effective componentfor 48 h and 72 h also induced protein expression of PARP and caspase-3,-8,and -9 as seen byWestern blot.Conclusions:The effective component from VOL inhibits cell proliferation and induces apop-tosis in human choriocarcinoma JAR cells.

用荧光显微镜技术观察药用野生稻(Oryza officinalis Wall)和转基因水稻的不亲和性

采用荧光显微镜技术观察转基因水稻花粉在药用野生稻柱头上的萌发及在花柱内的生长过程,以明确两者之间不亲和性发生的阶段,为判断其能否发生基因漂流提供依据。结果表明,两种转基因栽培稻(Y003和99t)的花粉在药用野生稻柱头上的萌发率均比药用野生稻自花授粉的低,花粉管在花柱中的生长速度较慢,且分别在到达花柱中部(Y003)或花柱基部(99t)时停止生长,顶端异常膨大,杂交子房逐渐萎缩,结实率为0。药用野生稻与栽培稻杂交不亲和的原因是花粉管在花柱中停止生长、不能进入胚囊完成受精,在自然条件下转基因栽培稻中的外源基因向药用野生稻漂流的可能性较小。

太空诱变对迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis L.)形态参数、光合能力和次生代谢产物含量和成分的影响

以未经太空诱变的迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis L.)为对照,研究了经返回式卫星搭载进行太空诱变后迷迭香在形态参数、光合作用以及次生产物代谢方面的变化。结果显示:太空诱变后,迷迭香优良株系的株高、冠幅、分枝数、分枝长、地上部生物量等形态参数有了明显提高,特别是反映迷迭香可采收量的地上部生物量,比诱变前提高了1.24倍。进一步研究发现,光合能力的提升是迷迭香诱变株系形态参数发生变化的一个重要原因,因为迷迭香诱变株系的叶绿素含量、最大净光合速率、表观量子效率比对照明显提高,而光补偿点则明显下降。作为迷迭香中最主要的生物活性物质,鼠尾草酸、迷迭香酸和精油的含量在太空诱变株系中明显高于对照,并且精油中主要组分的比例也发生了显著变化。上述结果表明,太空诱变中迷迭香可获得生物产量和经济产量的有益突变,从而证明航天育种技术在迷迭香优良品种选育中是可行的。

贵州引种的迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis L.)中挥发油化学成分分析

对贵州引种的迷迭香中挥发油的化学成分进行定性和定量分析 ,并与不同来源的迷迭香油的化学成分进行比较。结果表明 ,从贵州引种的迷迭香挥发油中分离出 38种成分 ,鉴定出 2 7种 ,鉴定率为71 0 5 % ,主要成分是α -蒎烯 (α -Pinene) ,含量 2 5 .4 4% ;1,8-桉树脑 (1,8-Cineole) ,含量 2 0 .2 7% ;其次是樟脑 (Camphor) ,含量 7.6 7% ;莰烯 (Camphene) ,含量 7.10 % ;龙脑 (Borneol) ,含量 3.30 % ;β -石竹烯 (β -Caryophyllene) ,含量 3.2 3%。贵州引种的迷迭香中挥发油的化学成分主要是α -蒎烯、1,8-桉树脑 ,占挥发油检出成分的 4 5 .71%。该挥发油按化学成分分类属α -蒎烯、1.

Antibacterial activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L.alone and in combination with cefuroxime against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Objective:To determine the antimicrobial activity of rosemary(Rosmarinus of ficinalis L.) and to investigate the synergistic effects of this extract combined with ceforuxime against methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).Methods:The inhibitory and bactericidal activities of rosemary ethanol extract,alone and in combination with cefuroxime,were studied.Results:The minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of the ethanol extract of rosemary were in the range of 0.39-3.13 mg/mL.The minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBCs) were usually equal to or double that MICs.The antimicrobial activity of combinations of the ethanol extract of rosemary and cefuroxime indicated their synergistic effects against all MRSAs.Conclusions:The present work clearly demonstrates that rosemary has a key role in the elevation of susceptibility toβ-lactams.

Ultraviolet irradiation induced oxidative stress and response of antioxidant system in an intertidal macroalgae Corallina officinalis L.

The response of the antioxidant defense system of an intertidal macroalgae Corallina officinalis L.to different dosages of UV-B irradiation was investigated.Results showed that superoxide dimutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POX） increased and then maintained at a relatively stable level when subjected to UV-B irradiation.Catalase （CAT） activity under medium dosage of UV-B irradiation （Muv） and high dosage of UV-B irradiation （Huv） treatments were significantly decreased.Ascorbate peroxidase （APX） activity first remained unaltered and then increased in Huv treatment.In addition,the assay on isozymes was carried out using non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （PAGE）.The activities of some SOD isoforms were altered by UV-B.Two new bands （POX V and POX VII） appeared upon exposure to all three UV-B dosages.CAT III activity was increased by low dosage of UV-B irradiation （Luv）,whereas CAT III and CAT IV disappeared when the alga was exposed to Muv and Huv.Two bands of APX （APX VI and APX VII） were increased and a new band （APX X） was observed under Huv exposure.H 2 O 2 and thiobarbituric acid reacting substance （TBARS） increased under Muv and Huv treatments.Overall,UV-B protection mechanisms are partly inducible and to a certain extent sufficient to prevent the accumulation of damage in C.officinalis.

In vitro effects of Salvia officinalis L.essential oil on Candida albicans

Objective:To determine the anticandidal activities of Salvia officinalis L.(S.officinalis)essential oil against Candida albicans(C.albicans)and the inhibitory effects on the adhesion of C.albicans to polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)resin surface.Methods:Disc diffusion method was first used to test the anticandidal activities of the S.officinalis L.essential oil against the reference strain(ATCC 90028)and 2 clinical strains of C.albicans.Then the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimal lethal concentration(MLX)were determined by modified membrane method.The adhesion of C.albicans to PMMA resin surface was assessed after immersion with S.officinalis L.essential oil at various concentrations of 1XMIC.0.5XMIC and 0.25XMIC at room temperature for30 min.One-way ANOVA was used to compare the Candida cell adhesion with the pretreatment agents and Tukey's test was used for multiple comparisons.Results:5.officinalis L.essential oil exhibited anticandidal activity against all strains of C.albicans with inhibition zone ranging from 40.5 mm to 19.5 mm.The MIC and MLC of the oil were determined as 2.780 g/L against all test strains.According to the effects on C.albicans adhesion to PMMA resin surface,it was found that immersion in the essential oil at concentrations of 1XMIC(2.780 g/L).0.5XMIC(1.390 g/L)and0.25XMIC(0.695 g/L)for 30 min significantly reduced the adhesion of all 3 test strains to PMMA resin surface in a dose dependent manner(P<0.05).Conclusions:S.officinalis L.essential oil exhibited anticandidal activities against C.albicans and had inhibitory effects on the adhesion of the cells to PMMA resin surface.With further testing and development,S.officinalis essential oil may be used as an antifungal denture cleanser to prevent candidal adhesion and thus reduce the risk of candida-associated denture stomatitis.

Chemical composition of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil and antioxidant action against gastric damage induced by absolute ethanol in the rat

Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant activity of the essential oil obtained from Rosmarinus officinalis(R. officinalis) in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in vivo.Methods: The antioxidant properties of the essential oil obtained from R. officinalis were evaluated against gastric injury induced by absolute ethanol. Gastric tissues were prepared to enzymatic assays. The levels of glutathione, lipid peroxides, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and myeloperoxidase were measured.Results: Ethanol produced severe hemorrhagic lesions in the stomach with ulcerative lesion of(140.2 ± 37.2) mm2. In animals pretreated with essential oil of R. officinalis(50 mg/kg, p.o.), a significant inhibition of mucosal injury of(21.2 ± 7.1) mm2(84%inhibition) was observed. The essential oil of R. officinalis protected the gastric mucosa probably by modulating the activities of the enzymes(superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and increasing or maintaining the levels of glutathione. In addition,lipid peroxides levels were reduced. The essential oil of R. officinalis was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer and the main constituents were cineole(28.5%),camphor(27.7%) and alpha-pinene(21.3%).Conclusions: We suggest that the monoterpenes present in the essential oil obtained from R. officinalis may be among the active principles responsible for the antioxidant activity shown by essential oil of R. officinalis.

Essential oil of <i>Thymus vulgaris</i>L. and <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i>L.: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, cytotoxicity and antioxidant properties and antibacterial activities against foodborne pathogens

The essential oil composition of Thymus vulgaris L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. endemic to France were determined by GC and GC-MS. Oils were assessed for their cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. 31 and 37 different compounds were identified representing 99.64% and 99.38% of the thyme and rosemary oils respectively, where oxygenated monoterpenes constituted the main chemical class. Thymol (41.33%) and 1.8-cineole (24.10%) were identified as the main constituents of T. vulgaris L. and R. officinalis L., respectively. Essential oils (EOs) of selected plant species were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against the human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (A549). Cytotoxicity was measured using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphynyltetra-zolium bromide] colorimetric assay. Dose-dependent studies revealed IC50 of 8.50 ± 0.01 μg/mL and 10.50 ± 0.01 μg/mL after 72 h on the A549 cells for R. officinalis L. and T. vulgaris L., respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined using a quantitative DPPH (1,1-diphenyl- 2-picryl hydrazyl) assay. Thymus and rosemary EOs exhibited effective radical scavenging capacity with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 437 ± 5.46 μg/mL and 189 ± 2.38 μg/mL respectively and therefore acts as a natural antioxidant agent. The antimicrobial activity of these species has also been studied against several foodborne pathogens and food isolated Salmonella spp. including S. enteritidis of significant importance. According to the results, T. vulgaris L. showed higher bactericidal effect than those from R. officinalis L. These results suggest that the essential oil from T. vulgaris L. and R. officinalis L. have potential to be used as a natural cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in food processing.

Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effects of <i>Salvia officinalis</i>L. Hydroalcoholic Extract in Male Rats

The antioxidant effects of Salvia officinalis L. hydroalcoholic extract and also its hepatoprotective effects in male rats were evaluated. Salvia officinalis L. extract was administered intraperitoneally for 28 days. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transferase and alkaline phosphates in rats coadministered with both isoniazid (INH) 50 mg/kg and Salvia officinalis L. extract at 250 mg/kg showed significant reduction when compared to INH group, but administration of Salvia officinalis L. extract 250 mg/kg alone and with INH has alleviated gamma-glutamyl transferase comparing to INH receiving rats. After treatment of rats with INH 50mg/kg, severe tissue necrosis, and inflammation of central vein in liver and lymphocyte proliferation were observed;in the experimental group receiving Salvia officinalis L. extract (250 mg/kg) mild dilution in central vein and sinusoids in liver were seen. In rats coadministered with Salvia officinalis L. extract 250 mg/kg and INH low sinusoids dilution was indicated. It seems that Salvia officinalis L. extract exhibited anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective effects.

The Anatomical Structure of Vegetative Organs <i>Lavandula officinalis</i>Chaix in the Introduction of Tashkent Botanical Garden

The article presents the results of research carried out by light microscopy of the anatomical structure of vegetative organs (leaf, root and stem) Lavandula officinalis Chaix of the family Lamiaceae introduced into the conditions of the Tashkent Botanical Garden of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Our studies have shown that the presence or absence of trichomes can serve as an informative sign. In L. officinalis trichomes are simple unicellular two-terminal;three-terminal and multi-terminal. Lavender leaf hairs accumulate essential oils under the cuticle of secreting cells, the cuticle are tightly attached to the membranes of the secretory cells due to the absence of excretion products. Based on the results of a study of the morphological and anatomical features of the leaf of L. officinalis, it has been established that the forms of covering hairs and essential oil glands are of diagnostic value. In the epidermal, palisade and cortex parenchymal cells of the vegetative organs, yellow-orange essential (lavender) oil is noted. Identified diagnostic features that can be used in taxonomy and can be used to identify plant materials can also be used to develop indicators of authenticity in this type of raw material.

Establishment of Rapid Propagation System for Saponaria officinalis L. Progeny After EMS Mutation

Saponaria officinalis L. seeds were treated with different concentrations of chemical mutagen to determine the impact of media with various hormone concentrations on the induction of mutated （Saponaria officinalis L.） seeds＇ adventitious buds and rooting culture by using tissue culture technology. The results indicated that the optimum concentration of the chemical mutagen-EMS was 0.3%; the optimum induction medium was MS＋6-BA 1.5 mg · L^-1, NAA 0.1 mg · L^-1 and the optimum rooting medium was MS＋0.05 mg · L^-1 NAA.

Effects of Salt Stress on Growth and Ion Distribution in Seedlings of Asparagus officinalis L.

An Asparagus officinalis L. cultivar NJ978 was used to study the growing rate, salt ion content and mineral ion uptake and distribution in plants under salt stress. The results showed that salt stress significantly inhibited seedling growth and there was a negative relationship between seedling growth and salt concentration. The seedlings growth showed no significant decrease under low salt stress （NaCl≤50 mmol/L）, while high concentrations of NaCl led to detrimental effects on the growth of A. officinalis L.. With the increase of NaCl concentration, the Na ＋ content increased gradually in A. officinalis L. roots, stems and leaves while the K^＋ and Ca^2＋ contents had slow decreases. Under low salt stress, the seedlings of A. officinalis L. could prevent Na ＋ from transporting to aerial part by withholding Na ＋ in root, which could keep the balance of ions in aerial part, but under high salt stress （NaCl 〉 100 mmol/L）, the aerial part of seedlings accumulated superabundance of Na ＋, which limited the uptake of K^＋ and Ca^2＋ , so seedlings were damaged heavily, which manifested as the gradual decrease of K^＋/Na ＋ and Ca^2＋ /Na ＋ in the roots and aerial part of the seedlings. The selective absorption of K^＋, Ca^2＋ and Na ＋ （AS K,Na and AS Ca,Na ） was significantly increased with increased salinity, while the selective transportation （TS K,Na and TS Ca,Na ） increased at first and then decreased with the increased salinity. Therefore, the strong ability of salt exclusion and the regionalized distribution of ions in roots, stems and leaves could be one of the salt tolerance mechanisms of A. officinalis L.

Anti-tumor activity of Sanguisorba officinalis L.in non-small cell lung cancer and induced apoptosis via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway

OBJECTIVE To investigate the pharmacological effect and mechanism of Sanguisorba officinalis L.(SOL)in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)in vitro and in vivo based on network pharmacology.METHODS Network pharmacology was used to analyze the improving effect of SOL on NSCLC and possible targets.Cell counting kit 8(CCK-8)and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine(EdU)staining,Western blotting,flow cytometry of AnnexinⅤ/PI,Hoechst 33342/PI staining detection and immunofluorescence were utilized in vitro.H&E staining,immunohistochemistry staining and Western blotting were performed in vivo.RESULTS Based on network prediction,we analyzed the 208 common targets of SOL and NSCLC.36 core targets in 208 common targets were obtained through cytoscape analysis.And the top 10 core targets included Akt,mTOR,EGFR,etc..KEGG analysis showed that PI3K-Akt signaling pathway was the most likely pathway.Furthermore,the mechanism study found that SOL could activate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo.The anti-proliferative effect of SOL in A549 and H1299 cells was measured and validated by CCK-8 and EdU assay.Immunohistochemical results of Ki67 showed that SOL effectively inhibited tumor growth in vivo.SOL also significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of A549 and H1299 cells.SOL significantly increased the percentage of cells with PI signal in A549 and H1299,and the process of cell death of A549 cells indicated that SOL induced apoptosis.The PARP-1 and caspase-3 in A549 and H1299 were found to be activated in a dose manner.The results in vivo were consistent with those in vitro.CONCLUSION SOL-induced,caspase-3-mediated apoptosis via the induction of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in NSCLC,which further clarified the mechanism of SOL in the inhibition of NSCLC,and thereby provided a possibility for SOL to serve as a novel therapeutic agent for NSCLC in the future.

Study on the Determination Method for the Content of Tannin in Sanguisorba officinalis L.

[Objectives] To establish a method for the determination of tannin in Sanguisorba officinalis L.,and provide guarantee for further control over quality of semi-finished tannin products from Sanguisorba officinalis L. [Methods] With gallic acid as reference substance,the UV method was used to determine the content of tannin in Sanguisorba officinalis L.,and the methodological examination was done. [Results]With gallic acid as standard,when the concentration of tannin in Sanguisorba officinalis L. was 1. 02-10. 14 μg·m L^(-1),there was a good linear relationship with absorbance,the precision,reproducibility and recovery were in line with the requirements,and the absorbance value was stable within 40 min after coloration. [Conclusions] The method was simple,rapid and accurate in determining the content of tannin in Sanguisorba officinalis L.

Rapid Determination of Seed Number and Thousand Kernel Weight of Asparagus officinalis L.Using Image Processing Method

Asparagus officinalis L.is favored by its high health function,but its hybrid seeds are expensive.The amount of seed,seed plumpness and germination rate are related to the production costs of breeding enterprises and large growers.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate the seed number and thousand kernel weight of A.officinalis L.This study developed a quick and accurate method to measure the seed number and thousand kernel weight of A.officinalis L.using image processing technology.Seed sample of A.officinalis L.was scanned with 200 dpi resolution,and the seed number was then obtained using Image-ProPlus software.After weighing the seeds,thousand kernel weight was finally calculated.By recording‘macro’,the batch processing of the samples can also be realized.This method is simple and accurate,and can greatly save the time of investigation.

Isozyme analysis on progenes of somatic hybrids of Oryza sativa L.and O.officinalis

Some wild species of Oryza possess agronomi-cally useful traits such as disease/insect resis-tance and salt tolerance.However,the use ofwild Oryza species for rice improvement hasbeen hampered by the sexual incompatibility orsterility of hybrids obtained by conventionalmethods.We have used protoplast fusion as amethod to incorporate useful trait of wild O-ryza species into cultivated rice and~ obtainedsomatic hybrid plants between O.sativa and

复方驱蚊精油化学成分分析及其驱避活性评价

[目的]分析由薄荷、浮萍、石菖蒲、迷迭香4种中药植物配伍而成的复方驱蚊精油的化学成分,并进行驱避活性评价。[方法]通过气质联用色谱技术(gas chromatography-mass spectrometer,GC-MS)分析复方驱蚊精油的化学成分,按照《空间驱避产品药效试验及评价(Y型管法)》,评价精油对白纹伊蚊成虫的驱避活性。[结果]鉴定出主要挥发性成分58种,占精油总成分的98.28%,萜类18种(44.99%)、烯烃类9种(20.27%)、酯类5种(14.07%)、芳香烃类8种(12.00%)、烷烃类7种(3.48%)、醇类9种(2.78%)、酮类2种(0.69%)。复方驱蚊精油对白纹伊蚊的驱避率(percent repellency,PR)平均达90%。[结论]复方驱蚊精油的化学成分较多,对白纹伊蚊起到驱避作用的可能有薄荷醇、薄荷酮、α-蒎烯等多种化学成分,平均驱避效果达到A级水平。