EFFECTS OF DIABETES ON HEARING AND COCHLEAR STRUCTURES

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic systemic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, with various patho-genic mechanisms. From absolute or relative insulin deficiency, patients with DM often demonstrate vari-ous levels of metabolic disorders. Major clinical manifestations of DM include metabolic disorders, vascu-lar lesions, circulatory disturbances and neurologic complications. Along with advances in DM research, re-ports of DM related tinnitus and hearing impairment have increased continuously. Research on DM related auditory system dysfunction has focused on cochlear microcirculation, cellular homeostasis, genetics and ag-ing. Cochlear microcirculation plays an important role in cochlear physiology and its disorders are associat-ed with many inner ear diseases. Ischemia and subsequent reperfusion seen in cochlear microcirculation dis-orders are important factors in hearing damage. Understanding cochlear microcirculation and structural as well as functional changes in DM patients with hearing loss and their causal factors will help reveal patho-genic mechanisms in diabetic hearing loss and provide new ideas in developing interventions and preventing damages caused by diabetes.

椎基底动脉供血障碍时内耳微循环的变化及其调节

本文用自行设计制作的椎基底动脉部分脑缺血动物模型，用激光多普勒（ＬＤＦ）测定椎基底动脉缺血前后耳蜗血流（ＣＢＦ）和前庭血流（ＶＢＦ），血管阻断后耳蜗和前庭血流分别减少４６０４ＡＢＬ％和３２４７ＡＢＬ％。颈内静脉注入罂粟碱和切除一侧颈上神经节后测定内耳血流，证明在内耳血流调节中，肌源性因素起重要作用，而交感神经的调节作用微弱。

糖尿病对听力及耳蜗形态学结构影响的相关因素

背景:糖尿病是多种病因引起以高血糖为特征的代谢紊乱内分泌性疾病,由于患者长期高血糖状态可引起微血管病变,导致患者听力下降、耳鸣。糖尿病与听力损伤的关系密切,糖尿病听力损伤的发病机制可能与糖尿病引起的微血管病变和代谢紊乱有关。目的:从耳蜗微循环、细胞稳态、遗传及衰老等方面了解糖尿病听力损伤的原因,来揭示目前尚未完全明确的糖尿病听力损伤机制,为临床治疗方案的选择和预后的判断提供根据。方法:糖尿病与听力损伤的关系密切,糖尿病听力损伤的发病机制可能与糖尿病引起的微血管病变和代谢紊乱有关。从耳蜗微循环、细胞稳态、遗传及衰老等方面了解糖尿病听力损伤的原因,来揭示目前尚未完全明确的糖尿病听力损伤机制。结果与结论:糖尿病患者听力损伤属于糖尿病微血管病变,耳蜗微循环在听觉生理中起着十分重要的作用,内耳许多疾病与微循环障碍有关,耳蜗微循环障碍引起耳蜗缺血和缺血后再灌注损伤是导致听力损伤的重要原因。

急诊眩晕症319例临床分析

目的:浅释与探讨不同病因所引起的眩晕及同一方法治疗有效的共同机理及环节,加深对急诊眩晕症的了解。方法:随机选择我院1997年10月～2001年5月间319例急诊眩晕症患者及其经颅多谱勒(TCD)检查结果结合临床治疗效果进行分析。结果:TCD结果显示颅内血管血流速度异常率达87.5%,并以椎基底动脉系血流速度异常多见(占74.6%);予经非那根、低分子右旋糖酐、丹参注射液、尼莫地平等药物治疗,一次性有效率94.4%。结论:颅内血管痉挛是眩晕发生的主要相关原因,前庭及内耳微循环障碍是眩晕症的发生机理;扩张血管、解除血管痉挛、改善内耳微循环是治疗眩晕有效急诊处理措施。