The spinterface formed between ferromagnetic(FM)electrode and organic materials is vital for performance optimization in organic spin valve(OSV).Half-metallic Fe_(3)O_(4)with drastic change in structure,conductivity a...The spinterface formed between ferromagnetic(FM)electrode and organic materials is vital for performance optimization in organic spin valve(OSV).Half-metallic Fe_(3)O_(4)with drastic change in structure,conductivity and magnetic property near Verwey transition can serve as an intrinsic spinterface regulator.However,such modulating effect of Fe_(3)O_(4)in OSV has not been comprehensively investigated,especially below the Verwey transition temperature(Tv).Here,we highlight the important role of Fe_(3)O_(4)electrode in reliable-working and controllable Fe_(3)O_(4)/P3HT/Co polymer spin valves by investigating the magnetoresistance(MR)above and below 7V.In order to distinguish between different contributions to charge transport and related MR responses,the systematic electronic and magnetic characterizations were carried out in full temperature range.Particularly,the first-order metal-insulator transition in Fe_(3)O_(4)has a dramatic effect on the MR enhancement of polymer spin valves at 7V.Moreover,both the conducting mode transformation and MR line shape modulation could be accomplished across 7V.This research renders unique scenario to multimodal storage by external thermodynamic parameters,and further reveals the importance of spin-dependent interfacial modification in polymer spin valves.展开更多
利用交流磁控溅射法，在H2中采用Fe3O4靶材，成功制备了（111）取向的Fe3O4薄膜．对薄膜样品进行XRD测试，研究不同衬底温度对成相的影响．对薄膜表面的XPS测试结果表明所制备薄膜为单相Fe3O4，沉积过程中随H2量增大，薄膜表面粗糙度有...利用交流磁控溅射法，在H2中采用Fe3O4靶材，成功制备了（111）取向的Fe3O4薄膜．对薄膜样品进行XRD测试，研究不同衬底温度对成相的影响．对薄膜表面的XPS测试结果表明所制备薄膜为单相Fe3O4，沉积过程中随H2量增大，薄膜表面粗糙度有显著增加．对薄膜进行磁学性能的测试，饱和磁化强度高达50000e，反映了反相晶粒边界（APBs）的存在，Tv以下较低的晶格对称度导致了矫顽场的增大，薄膜的电阻随温度变化曲线（R—n显示115K附近出现Verwey相变，对R—T曲线的拟和结果显示，Fe3O4；薄膜在40～300K温度区间为电子的变程跳跃VRH（Variable range hopping）导电机制。展开更多
This study systematically investigates changes in both compositions and grain-sizes of magnetic minerals in the Chinese loess/paleosol samples (Yichuan, China) during thermal demagnetization processes. Between 100 and...This study systematically investigates changes in both compositions and grain-sizes of magnetic minerals in the Chinese loess/paleosol samples (Yichuan, China) during thermal demagnetization processes. Between 100 and 200℃, (1) Hc and Hcr significantly decrease while Mrs and Ms remain stable; (2) concentration of the multi-domain (MD) grains increases while that of superparamagnetic (SP) grains decreases; and (3) there exists the abnormal behavior of the thermal demagnetization in the natural remanent magnetization (NRM). In addition, the corresponding changes in all these parameters are gradually muted with the increase of the pedogenesis degree. The results indicate that the observed alteration probably relates to reducing processes caused by the burning of the organic matter in samples. Before the thermal treatment, the MD grains in loess samples had been partially altered in nature by low-temperature oxidization (LTD). This CRM can be sufficiently attenuated or even removed by the reducing展开更多
Specific ion effects play a vital role in a variety of colloidal and interfacial processes.However,few studies have reported the specific ion effects in the humus aggregation process,which strongly influence the trans...Specific ion effects play a vital role in a variety of colloidal and interfacial processes.However,few studies have reported the specific ion effects in the humus aggregation process,which strongly influence the transport and fate of environmental pollutants.In this study,soil humus colloids were prepared and characterized,and the specific ion effects on humus aggregation in electrolyte solutions were investigated at a variety of concentrations and pH values using dynamic light scattering methods.Activation energy(ΔE),which is known to reflect the dynamics and stability of a colloidal system,was used to quantitatively characterize the specific ion effects.The results showed that given ΔE value of 2.48×10^(3) J mol^(-1) at pH 3.0,the electrolyte concentrations were 91.6,58.2,3.8,and 0.8 mmol L^(-1) for Na^(+),K^(+),Mg^(2+),and Ca_(2+),respectively,thus indicating significant specific ion effects in the humus aggregation process.Most importantly,decreasing the electrolyte concentrations increased the differences in the ΔE value between two cation species with the same valence(i.e.,ΔE_(Na)-ΔE_(K) and ΔE_(Mg)-ΔE_(Ca)),while increasing the pH increased the magnitude of ΔE_(Mg)-ΔE_(Ca).However,the classic Derjaguin,Landau,Verwey,and Overbeek(DLVO)theory and the double layer theory,as well as the currently widely used ionic hydration and dispersion effects,failed to predict the experimentally observed increase in the specific ion effects with decreasing electrolyte concentrations in a quantitative sense.These results have implications for the necessity of involving specific ion effects for a better understanding of humus aggregation and interactions in aqueous and soil systems.展开更多
More and more attention has been paid to the aggregation behavior of nanoparticles, but little research has been done on the effect of particle size. Therefore, this study systematically evaluated the aggregation beha...More and more attention has been paid to the aggregation behavior of nanoparticles, but little research has been done on the effect of particle size. Therefore, this study systematically evaluated the aggregation behavior of nano-silica particles with diameter 130–480 nm at different initial particle concentration, pH, ionic strength, and ionic valence of electrolytes. The modified Smoluchowski theory failed to describe the aggregation kinetics for nano-silica particles with diameters less than 190 nm. Besides, ionic strength, cation species and p H all affected fast aggregation rate coefficients of 130 nm nanoparticles. Through incorporating structural hydration force into the modified Smoluchowski theory, it is found that the reason for all the anomalous aggregation behavior was the different structural hydration layer thickness of nanoparticles with various sizes. The thickness decreased with increasing of particle size, and remained basically unchanged for particles larger than 190 nm. Only when the distance at primary minimum was twice the thickness of structural hydration layer, the structural hydration force dominated, leading to the higher stability of nanoparticles. This study clearly clarified the unique aggregation mechanism of nanoparticles with smaller size, which provided reference for predicting transport and fate of nanoparticles and could help facilitate the evaluation of their environment risks.展开更多
基金the National Key R&D Program(Nos.2016YFB0401100,2017YFA0204503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91833306,21875158,51633006,51703159,51733004).The authors acknowledge the Laboratory of Microfabrication,Institute of Physics,CAS,for their assistance in electrode fabrication。
文摘The spinterface formed between ferromagnetic(FM)electrode and organic materials is vital for performance optimization in organic spin valve(OSV).Half-metallic Fe_(3)O_(4)with drastic change in structure,conductivity and magnetic property near Verwey transition can serve as an intrinsic spinterface regulator.However,such modulating effect of Fe_(3)O_(4)in OSV has not been comprehensively investigated,especially below the Verwey transition temperature(Tv).Here,we highlight the important role of Fe_(3)O_(4)electrode in reliable-working and controllable Fe_(3)O_(4)/P3HT/Co polymer spin valves by investigating the magnetoresistance(MR)above and below 7V.In order to distinguish between different contributions to charge transport and related MR responses,the systematic electronic and magnetic characterizations were carried out in full temperature range.Particularly,the first-order metal-insulator transition in Fe_(3)O_(4)has a dramatic effect on the MR enhancement of polymer spin valves at 7V.Moreover,both the conducting mode transformation and MR line shape modulation could be accomplished across 7V.This research renders unique scenario to multimodal storage by external thermodynamic parameters,and further reveals the importance of spin-dependent interfacial modification in polymer spin valves.
文摘利用交流磁控溅射法，在H2中采用Fe3O4靶材，成功制备了（111）取向的Fe3O4薄膜．对薄膜样品进行XRD测试，研究不同衬底温度对成相的影响．对薄膜表面的XPS测试结果表明所制备薄膜为单相Fe3O4，沉积过程中随H2量增大，薄膜表面粗糙度有显著增加．对薄膜进行磁学性能的测试，饱和磁化强度高达50000e，反映了反相晶粒边界（APBs）的存在，Tv以下较低的晶格对称度导致了矫顽场的增大，薄膜的电阻随温度变化曲线（R—n显示115K附近出现Verwey相变，对R—T曲线的拟和结果显示，Fe3O4；薄膜在40～300K温度区间为电子的变程跳跃VRH（Variable range hopping）导电机制。
基金This work was supported by NSF (Grant Nos. EAR 0003421 and EAR/IF 9818704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49834001)All the measurements were performed at the Institute for Rock Magnetism, which is funded by the Keck Fo
文摘This study systematically investigates changes in both compositions and grain-sizes of magnetic minerals in the Chinese loess/paleosol samples (Yichuan, China) during thermal demagnetization processes. Between 100 and 200℃, (1) Hc and Hcr significantly decrease while Mrs and Ms remain stable; (2) concentration of the multi-domain (MD) grains increases while that of superparamagnetic (SP) grains decreases; and (3) there exists the abnormal behavior of the thermal demagnetization in the natural remanent magnetization (NRM). In addition, the corresponding changes in all these parameters are gradually muted with the increase of the pedogenesis degree. The results indicate that the observed alteration probably relates to reducing processes caused by the burning of the organic matter in samples. Before the thermal treatment, the MD grains in loess samples had been partially altered in nature by low-temperature oxidization (LTD). This CRM can be sufficiently attenuated or even removed by the reducing
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41501241 and 41877026)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Nos.XDJK2019B037 and SWU116049)。
文摘Specific ion effects play a vital role in a variety of colloidal and interfacial processes.However,few studies have reported the specific ion effects in the humus aggregation process,which strongly influence the transport and fate of environmental pollutants.In this study,soil humus colloids were prepared and characterized,and the specific ion effects on humus aggregation in electrolyte solutions were investigated at a variety of concentrations and pH values using dynamic light scattering methods.Activation energy(ΔE),which is known to reflect the dynamics and stability of a colloidal system,was used to quantitatively characterize the specific ion effects.The results showed that given ΔE value of 2.48×10^(3) J mol^(-1) at pH 3.0,the electrolyte concentrations were 91.6,58.2,3.8,and 0.8 mmol L^(-1) for Na^(+),K^(+),Mg^(2+),and Ca_(2+),respectively,thus indicating significant specific ion effects in the humus aggregation process.Most importantly,decreasing the electrolyte concentrations increased the differences in the ΔE value between two cation species with the same valence(i.e.,ΔE_(Na)-ΔE_(K) and ΔE_(Mg)-ΔE_(Ca)),while increasing the pH increased the magnitude of ΔE_(Mg)-ΔE_(Ca).However,the classic Derjaguin,Landau,Verwey,and Overbeek(DLVO)theory and the double layer theory,as well as the currently widely used ionic hydration and dispersion effects,failed to predict the experimentally observed increase in the specific ion effects with decreasing electrolyte concentrations in a quantitative sense.These results have implications for the necessity of involving specific ion effects for a better understanding of humus aggregation and interactions in aqueous and soil systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51808530 and 51778604)。
文摘More and more attention has been paid to the aggregation behavior of nanoparticles, but little research has been done on the effect of particle size. Therefore, this study systematically evaluated the aggregation behavior of nano-silica particles with diameter 130–480 nm at different initial particle concentration, pH, ionic strength, and ionic valence of electrolytes. The modified Smoluchowski theory failed to describe the aggregation kinetics for nano-silica particles with diameters less than 190 nm. Besides, ionic strength, cation species and p H all affected fast aggregation rate coefficients of 130 nm nanoparticles. Through incorporating structural hydration force into the modified Smoluchowski theory, it is found that the reason for all the anomalous aggregation behavior was the different structural hydration layer thickness of nanoparticles with various sizes. The thickness decreased with increasing of particle size, and remained basically unchanged for particles larger than 190 nm. Only when the distance at primary minimum was twice the thickness of structural hydration layer, the structural hydration force dominated, leading to the higher stability of nanoparticles. This study clearly clarified the unique aggregation mechanism of nanoparticles with smaller size, which provided reference for predicting transport and fate of nanoparticles and could help facilitate the evaluation of their environment risks.
