Turbot Scophthalmus maximus is an important mariculture fish species with high economic value.However,the bacterial diseases caused by Vibrio anguillarum infection bring huge economic losses to the turbot aquaculture ...Turbot Scophthalmus maximus is an important mariculture fish species with high economic value.However,the bacterial diseases caused by Vibrio anguillarum infection bring huge economic losses to the turbot aquaculture industry.To understand the immune response of the turbot against V.anguillarum infection and to explore novel immune-related genes,the transcriptome analysis of turbot spleen and gills were conducted after V.anguillarum infection.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in spleen and gill of the turbot amounted to 17261 and 16436,respectively.A large number of immunerelated DEGs were enriched in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathway,and the others by the kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)enrichment.The gene ontology(GO)classification analysis revealed that V.anguillarum infection had the greatest effect on biological processes and cellular components.Twelve immune-related DEGs were identified in the spleen(cstl.1,egfl6,lamb21,v2rx4,calcr,and gpr78a)and gills(ghra,sh3gl2a,cst12,inhbaa,cxcl8,and il-1b)by heat map.The proteinprotein interaction(PPI)networks were constructed to analyze the immune mechanism.The results demonstrate that the maturation and antigen processing of major histocompatibility complex(MHC)class II molecule,and calcitonin-or adrenomedullin-regulated physiological activity were important events in the immunity of turbot against V.anguillarum infection.In the gills,the protein interactions in TGF-βsignaling pathway,production of inflammatory factors,and endocytosis regulation were most significant.Our research laid a foundation for discovering novel immune-related genes and enriching the knowledge of immune mechanisms of turbot against V.anguillarum infection.展开更多
We cloned and sequenced a prtV-like gene from Vibrio anguillarum M3 strain.This prtV gene encodes a putative protein of 918 amino acids,and is highly homologous to the V.cholerae prtV gene.We found that a prtV inserti...We cloned and sequenced a prtV-like gene from Vibrio anguillarum M3 strain.This prtV gene encodes a putative protein of 918 amino acids,and is highly homologous to the V.cholerae prtV gene.We found that a prtV insertion mutant strain displayed lower gelatinase activity on gelatin agar,lower protease activity against azocasein,and lower activity for four glycosidases.This prtV mutant strain also had increased activity for two esterases in its extracellular products,as analyzed by the API ZYM system.In addition,the prtV mutant strain exhibited decreased growth in turbot intestinal mucus and reduced hemolytic activity on turbot erythrocytes.Infection experiments showed that the LD50 of the prtV mutant strain increased by at least 1 log compared to the wild-type in turbot fish.We propose that prtV plays an important role in the pathogenesis of V.anguillarum.展开更多
鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)是常见的海水鱼类病原菌,有23种血清型,其中O1—O3为主要的致病血清型。我国海水养殖鱼类鳗弧菌的血清型种类尚未明确。本研究对实验室分离和收集自海水养殖鱼类的31株鳗弧菌临床菌株进行了生理生化、16S r ...鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)是常见的海水鱼类病原菌,有23种血清型,其中O1—O3为主要的致病血清型。我国海水养殖鱼类鳗弧菌的血清型种类尚未明确。本研究对实验室分离和收集自海水养殖鱼类的31株鳗弧菌临床菌株进行了生理生化、16S r RNA基因序列、血清分型、抗生素敏感性的分析,旨在系统了解存在于我国海水养殖环境的鳗弧菌血清学型及耐药特征。首先用API ID32E生化反应鉴定系统对鳗弧菌进行生理生化鉴定,结果未能将待测菌株鉴定到种的水平;然后测定鳗弧菌的16S r RNA基因序列并构建系统发育树,结果显示所有分离株聚为一簇,与鳗弧菌有最近的亲缘关系(相似性99%—100%),据此可将临床菌株鉴定为鳗弧菌。以鳗弧菌O1—O5血清型标准菌株为O抗原制备兔抗血清,采用玻片凝集反应对鳗弧菌菌株进行血清学分析,结果显示属于O1、O2、O3、O5血清型菌株分别有16、5、3、1株,表明我国海水鱼类养殖存在3种血清型的致病性鳗弧菌,O1为主要流行的血清型。用ATB药敏检测系统检测鳗弧菌对28种抗生素的敏感性,结果显示菌株对7种抗生素(林可霉素、夫西地酸、甲硝唑、阿莫西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、苯唑西林、青霉素)的耐药率为100%,对3种抗生素(红霉素、原始霉素、泰洛星)的耐药率为94.4%(34株),有83%以上的菌株(30株)对12种以上的抗生素产生耐药,表明我国海水鱼类养殖鳗弧菌普遍存在多重耐药性。研究结果为进一步揭示鳗弧菌的流行病学规律和防控弧菌病奠定了良好的基础。展开更多
Freeze-drying,continuous passage and ultra-low temperature cryopreservation are often used to preserve pathogens.In this study,Vibrio anguillarum was rejuvenated by intramuscular infection as the initial strain.The di...Freeze-drying,continuous passage and ultra-low temperature cryopreservation are often used to preserve pathogens.In this study,Vibrio anguillarum was rejuvenated by intramuscular infection as the initial strain.The difference between cells preserved with different preservation methods and their initial strains were compared with physiological and biochemical methods and through antibiotics resistance analysis.The composition of protectants for freeze-drying V.anguillarum was optimized.We found that the optimal composition of protectants was 8% of trehalose,12% of skim milk,8.0% of lactose,2.0% of sodium citrate,12.0% of serum and 8.0% of mannitol.The indexes of lysine decarboxylase and urease changed after continuous passage.The urease reaction changed after freeze-drying and freeze-thawing,but the reaction can be restored to the initial after freeze-drying.Based on the antibiotics resistance analyses,the sensitivity of V.anguillarum to different drugs including rifampicin,erythrocin,furazolidone,ceftazidime,lomefloxacin,gentamycin,azithromycin,doxycycline,ampicillin,co-trimoxazole and cefoperazone changed after different treatments,and some of these changes can be restored to the original through activation culture.In sum,compared with cryopreservation and continuous passage,the freeze-drying is more sustainable for the long-term preservation of V.anguillarum,which showed a better effect in maintaining the original characteristics of pathogen.展开更多
Extracellular products (ECP) produced by Vibrio anguillarum strain M3 originally isolated from diseased flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ) were prepared. ECP of M3 showed gelatinase, casinase, amylase and haemolytic ...Extracellular products (ECP) produced by Vibrio anguillarum strain M3 originally isolated from diseased flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ) were prepared. ECP of M3 showed gelatinase, casinase, amylase and haemolytic activity on agarose plates. High protease activity against azocasin was detected. Bacterium M3 showed highest growth and protease activity at 25℃. The protease present in ECP showed maximal activity at pH 8 and 55℃; was completely inactivated by application of 80℃ heat for 30 min; was completely inhibited by EDTA and HgCl 2, and was partially inhibited by PMSF, SDS, MnCl 2 and iodoacetic acid; but not inhibited by CaCl 2 and MgCl 2. The ECP was toxic to flounder fish at LD 50 values of 3.1 μg protein /g body weight. The addition of HgCl 2 and application of heat at 50℃ decreased the lethal toxicity of ECP. When heated at 100℃, ECP lethality to flounder was completely inhibited. After intramuscular injection of ECP into flounder, it showed evident histopathological changes including necrosis of muscle, extensive deposition of haemosiderin in the spleen, dilated blood vessels congested with numerous lymphocytes in the liver. These results showed that ECP protease was a lethal factor produced by the bacterium V. anguillarum M3.展开更多
Dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （dot-ELISA）, indirect ELISA and Westem blot were performed to detect the virulent protease secreted by Vibrio anguillarum which was isolated from the diseased left-eyed flounder...Dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （dot-ELISA）, indirect ELISA and Westem blot were performed to detect the virulent protease secreted by Vibrio anguillarum which was isolated from the diseased left-eyed flounder, Paralichthys olivaceous. Sensitivity results showed that dot-ELISA is a more sensitive, rapid and simple technique for the protease detection. The minimal detectable amount of protease is about 7 pg in the dot-ELISA test, while 7.8 ng in the indirect ELISA and 6.25 ng in the Westem blot respectively. Protease could be detected 2 h after incubation of V. anguillarum in the 2216E liquid medium but enzyme activity was very low at that period. From 6 to 12 h, the amount and enzyme activity of protease increased markedly and reached maximum at stationary phase. Analysis of serum samples periodically collected from the infected flounders showed that after 2 h of infection by V. anguillarum, the pathogenic bacteria could be detected in the blood of the infected flounders but no protease was found. It was 5-6 h after infection that the protease was detected in blood and then the amount increased as infection advanced. Quantitative detection of protease either incubation in the medium or from the blood of infected flounders could be accomplished in virtue of positive controls of quantificational protease standards （＂marker＂） so that the alterations ofprotease secretion both in vitro and in vivo could be understood generally. In addition, the indirect ELISA and dot-ELISA were also performed to detect V. anguillarum cells. Results indicated that the sensitivity of indirect ELISA to bacteria cells is higher than that of the dot-ELISA, and that the minimal detectable amount is approximately 10^4 cell/mL in the indirect ELISA, while 10^5 cell/mL in the dot-ELISA.展开更多
EmpA is an extracellular metalloprotease secreted by Vibrio anguillarum.For better understanding its role in the patho-genicity of V.anguillarum strain M3,empA insertion mutant was constructed.In the mutant it decreas...EmpA is an extracellular metalloprotease secreted by Vibrio anguillarum.For better understanding its role in the patho-genicity of V.anguillarum strain M3,empA insertion mutant was constructed.In the mutant it decreased in extracellular proteolytic activity,swarming motility,hemolytic activity and virulence on turbot(Scophthalmus maximus).Significant decline(by 5-fold)of extracellular proteolytic activity and similar growth curve between mutant and wild type strains indicated that EmpA was the major extracellular protease of M3.LD50 of mutant increased by 38-fold compared with wild type.No pro-EmpA was detected in the su-pernatant of culture,indicating that EmpA autolyzed to mature protein after 24 h.Secretion of EmpA in M3 was similar to that in NB10 strain.Attenuated virulence of mutant was similar to that of M93Sm strain.It was demonstrated that specific operation of EmpA was different from that in previous studies and EmpA contributed to the swarming motility and hemolytic activity in V.an-guillarum strain M3.The results provides insight into understanding the function of EmpA and its potential application in vaccine development.展开更多
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology(CN)(No.2022YFD2400401)the Key Research and Development Plan of Shandong Province(CN)(for Academician Team in Shandong)(No.2023ZLYS02)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.202261029)the Enterprise Authorized Project(No.20200025)。
文摘Turbot Scophthalmus maximus is an important mariculture fish species with high economic value.However,the bacterial diseases caused by Vibrio anguillarum infection bring huge economic losses to the turbot aquaculture industry.To understand the immune response of the turbot against V.anguillarum infection and to explore novel immune-related genes,the transcriptome analysis of turbot spleen and gills were conducted after V.anguillarum infection.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in spleen and gill of the turbot amounted to 17261 and 16436,respectively.A large number of immunerelated DEGs were enriched in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathway,and the others by the kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)enrichment.The gene ontology(GO)classification analysis revealed that V.anguillarum infection had the greatest effect on biological processes and cellular components.Twelve immune-related DEGs were identified in the spleen(cstl.1,egfl6,lamb21,v2rx4,calcr,and gpr78a)and gills(ghra,sh3gl2a,cst12,inhbaa,cxcl8,and il-1b)by heat map.The proteinprotein interaction(PPI)networks were constructed to analyze the immune mechanism.The results demonstrate that the maturation and antigen processing of major histocompatibility complex(MHC)class II molecule,and calcitonin-or adrenomedullin-regulated physiological activity were important events in the immunity of turbot against V.anguillarum infection.In the gills,the protein interactions in TGF-βsignaling pathway,production of inflammatory factors,and endocytosis regulation were most significant.Our research laid a foundation for discovering novel immune-related genes and enriching the knowledge of immune mechanisms of turbot against V.anguillarum infection.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2006CB101803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30871935)the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) (No. 2003AA622070)
文摘We cloned and sequenced a prtV-like gene from Vibrio anguillarum M3 strain.This prtV gene encodes a putative protein of 918 amino acids,and is highly homologous to the V.cholerae prtV gene.We found that a prtV insertion mutant strain displayed lower gelatinase activity on gelatin agar,lower protease activity against azocasein,and lower activity for four glycosidases.This prtV mutant strain also had increased activity for two esterases in its extracellular products,as analyzed by the API ZYM system.In addition,the prtV mutant strain exhibited decreased growth in turbot intestinal mucus and reduced hemolytic activity on turbot erythrocytes.Infection experiments showed that the LD50 of the prtV mutant strain increased by at least 1 log compared to the wild-type in turbot fish.We propose that prtV plays an important role in the pathogenesis of V.anguillarum.
文摘鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)是常见的海水鱼类病原菌,有23种血清型,其中O1—O3为主要的致病血清型。我国海水养殖鱼类鳗弧菌的血清型种类尚未明确。本研究对实验室分离和收集自海水养殖鱼类的31株鳗弧菌临床菌株进行了生理生化、16S r RNA基因序列、血清分型、抗生素敏感性的分析,旨在系统了解存在于我国海水养殖环境的鳗弧菌血清学型及耐药特征。首先用API ID32E生化反应鉴定系统对鳗弧菌进行生理生化鉴定,结果未能将待测菌株鉴定到种的水平;然后测定鳗弧菌的16S r RNA基因序列并构建系统发育树,结果显示所有分离株聚为一簇,与鳗弧菌有最近的亲缘关系(相似性99%—100%),据此可将临床菌株鉴定为鳗弧菌。以鳗弧菌O1—O5血清型标准菌株为O抗原制备兔抗血清,采用玻片凝集反应对鳗弧菌菌株进行血清学分析,结果显示属于O1、O2、O3、O5血清型菌株分别有16、5、3、1株,表明我国海水鱼类养殖存在3种血清型的致病性鳗弧菌,O1为主要流行的血清型。用ATB药敏检测系统检测鳗弧菌对28种抗生素的敏感性,结果显示菌株对7种抗生素(林可霉素、夫西地酸、甲硝唑、阿莫西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、苯唑西林、青霉素)的耐药率为100%,对3种抗生素(红霉素、原始霉素、泰洛星)的耐药率为94.4%(34株),有83%以上的菌株(30株)对12种以上的抗生素产生耐药,表明我国海水鱼类养殖鳗弧菌普遍存在多重耐药性。研究结果为进一步揭示鳗弧菌的流行病学规律和防控弧菌病奠定了良好的基础。
基金funded by the Key Projects of Science and Technology Innovation of Shandong Province (No. 2018YFJH0703)the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund+1 种基金Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institutes, CAFS (No. 20603022017004)the Projects of International Exchange and Cooperation in Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China-Science, Technology and Innovation Cooperation in Aquaculture with Tropical Countries
文摘Freeze-drying,continuous passage and ultra-low temperature cryopreservation are often used to preserve pathogens.In this study,Vibrio anguillarum was rejuvenated by intramuscular infection as the initial strain.The difference between cells preserved with different preservation methods and their initial strains were compared with physiological and biochemical methods and through antibiotics resistance analysis.The composition of protectants for freeze-drying V.anguillarum was optimized.We found that the optimal composition of protectants was 8% of trehalose,12% of skim milk,8.0% of lactose,2.0% of sodium citrate,12.0% of serum and 8.0% of mannitol.The indexes of lysine decarboxylase and urease changed after continuous passage.The urease reaction changed after freeze-drying and freeze-thawing,but the reaction can be restored to the initial after freeze-drying.Based on the antibiotics resistance analyses,the sensitivity of V.anguillarum to different drugs including rifampicin,erythrocin,furazolidone,ceftazidime,lomefloxacin,gentamycin,azithromycin,doxycycline,ampicillin,co-trimoxazole and cefoperazone changed after different treatments,and some of these changes can be restored to the original through activation culture.In sum,compared with cryopreservation and continuous passage,the freeze-drying is more sustainable for the long-term preservation of V.anguillarum,which showed a better effect in maintaining the original characteristics of pathogen.
文摘Extracellular products (ECP) produced by Vibrio anguillarum strain M3 originally isolated from diseased flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ) were prepared. ECP of M3 showed gelatinase, casinase, amylase and haemolytic activity on agarose plates. High protease activity against azocasin was detected. Bacterium M3 showed highest growth and protease activity at 25℃. The protease present in ECP showed maximal activity at pH 8 and 55℃; was completely inactivated by application of 80℃ heat for 30 min; was completely inhibited by EDTA and HgCl 2, and was partially inhibited by PMSF, SDS, MnCl 2 and iodoacetic acid; but not inhibited by CaCl 2 and MgCl 2. The ECP was toxic to flounder fish at LD 50 values of 3.1 μg protein /g body weight. The addition of HgCl 2 and application of heat at 50℃ decreased the lethal toxicity of ECP. When heated at 100℃, ECP lethality to flounder was completely inhibited. After intramuscular injection of ECP into flounder, it showed evident histopathological changes including necrosis of muscle, extensive deposition of haemosiderin in the spleen, dilated blood vessels congested with numerous lymphocytes in the liver. These results showed that ECP protease was a lethal factor produced by the bacterium V. anguillarum M3.
文摘Dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （dot-ELISA）, indirect ELISA and Westem blot were performed to detect the virulent protease secreted by Vibrio anguillarum which was isolated from the diseased left-eyed flounder, Paralichthys olivaceous. Sensitivity results showed that dot-ELISA is a more sensitive, rapid and simple technique for the protease detection. The minimal detectable amount of protease is about 7 pg in the dot-ELISA test, while 7.8 ng in the indirect ELISA and 6.25 ng in the Westem blot respectively. Protease could be detected 2 h after incubation of V. anguillarum in the 2216E liquid medium but enzyme activity was very low at that period. From 6 to 12 h, the amount and enzyme activity of protease increased markedly and reached maximum at stationary phase. Analysis of serum samples periodically collected from the infected flounders showed that after 2 h of infection by V. anguillarum, the pathogenic bacteria could be detected in the blood of the infected flounders but no protease was found. It was 5-6 h after infection that the protease was detected in blood and then the amount increased as infection advanced. Quantitative detection of protease either incubation in the medium or from the blood of infected flounders could be accomplished in virtue of positive controls of quantificational protease standards （＂marker＂） so that the alterations ofprotease secretion both in vitro and in vivo could be understood generally. In addition, the indirect ELISA and dot-ELISA were also performed to detect V. anguillarum cells. Results indicated that the sensitivity of indirect ELISA to bacteria cells is higher than that of the dot-ELISA, and that the minimal detectable amount is approximately 10^4 cell/mL in the indirect ELISA, while 10^5 cell/mL in the dot-ELISA.
基金This project was funded by the 973 Program (2006CB101803)the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (30871935)
文摘EmpA is an extracellular metalloprotease secreted by Vibrio anguillarum.For better understanding its role in the patho-genicity of V.anguillarum strain M3,empA insertion mutant was constructed.In the mutant it decreased in extracellular proteolytic activity,swarming motility,hemolytic activity and virulence on turbot(Scophthalmus maximus).Significant decline(by 5-fold)of extracellular proteolytic activity and similar growth curve between mutant and wild type strains indicated that EmpA was the major extracellular protease of M3.LD50 of mutant increased by 38-fold compared with wild type.No pro-EmpA was detected in the su-pernatant of culture,indicating that EmpA autolyzed to mature protein after 24 h.Secretion of EmpA in M3 was similar to that in NB10 strain.Attenuated virulence of mutant was similar to that of M93Sm strain.It was demonstrated that specific operation of EmpA was different from that in previous studies and EmpA contributed to the swarming motility and hemolytic activity in V.an-guillarum strain M3.The results provides insight into understanding the function of EmpA and its potential application in vaccine development.
