Identification of Faba Bean(Vicia faba L.)Germplasm Resources in Hubei Province and Evaluation on Their Main Agronomic Traits

Through field observation and lab analysis, 13 agronomic traits, including plant height and effective branching number per plant, etc., of 207 faba bean （Vicia faba L.） germplasms saved in Crop Middle-term Genebank of Hubei Province were evaluated, moreover, the identification on the disease resistance and the quality was carried out on parts of germplasm resources. The results showed that the faba beangermplasm resources in Hubei Province were abundant, the variation range of agronomic traits like the growth period, plant height and 100-bean weight, etc., was great, and the range of choice was wide. In the aspect of quality, there were 9 germplasms withthe content of crude protein higher than 30%, and the variation range of amylose content in total starch was large, which provided excellent sources of parents for breedinq hi.qh-quality faba bean varieties in Hubei Province.

Comparative Analysis on the Quality Components in Vicia faba L. of Different Genotypes

With 12 Vicia faba L. varieties of different genotypes as the research ma- terials, the contents of 9 kinds of quality factors of protein, fat, free amino acid as well as beneficial mineral elements were analyzed with the aim to provide the nec- essary theoretical basis for the selection of new varieties of high quality faba beans. The results showed that in the faba beans of different genotypes, the protein content ranged from 27.9% to 31.2%, fat content of 1.2-1.4%, tannin content of 4 700-5 280 mg/kg, iron content of 47.45-67.15 mgJkg, calcium content of 571.30-1 397.22 mg/kg, zinc content of 47.34-66.10 mg/kg, potassium content of 1.09-1.38%, and selenium content ranged from 0.031 mg/kg to 0.064 mg/kg. There were significant differences in the contents of different free amino acids between different genotypes, and the total free amino acid content was between 1.062% and 0.915%.

蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)对不同水分胁迫的光合适应性研究

以重庆市的蚕豆当家品种之一的大白豆为材料 ,通过人工水分胁迫处理 ,发现随干旱程度的增加 ,蚕豆叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量和叶绿素总量降低 ,Hill反应活力下降 ,净光合速率下降 ,同化产物的积累减少 ,最终表现为植株生物量的降低 .水分胁迫下植株净光合速率下降 ,光饱和点降低 ,光补偿点提高 ,CO2 补偿点提高 ,光呼吸增大 ,生长减弱 ,这是导致生物量积累减少的主要原因 .

Hydrogen Sulfide May Function Downstream of Nitric Oxide in Ethylene-Induced Stomatal Closure in Vicia faba L.

Pharmacological, laser scanning confocal microscopic （LSCM）, and spectrophotographic approaches were used to study the roles of hydrogen sulfide （H2S） and nitric oxide （NO） in signaling transduction of stomatal movement in response to ethylene in Viciafaba L. Ethylene treatment resulted in the dose-dependent stomatal closure under light, and this effect was blocked by the inhibitors of H2S biosynthesis in V. faba L. Additionally, ethylene induces H2S generation and increases L-/D-cysteine desulfhydrase （pyridoxalphosphate-dependent enzyme） activity in leaves of V. faba L. Inhibitors of H2S biosynthesis have no effect on the ethylene-induced stomatal closure, NO accumulation, and nitrate reductase （NR） activity in guard cells or leaves of II. faba L. Moreover, the ethylene-induced increase of H2S levels and L-/D- cysteine desulfhydrase activity declined when NO generation was inhibited. Therefore, we conclude that H2S and NO probably are involved in the signal transduction pathway of ethylene-induced stomatal closure. H2S may represent a novel component downstream of NO in the ethylene-induced stomatal movement in V. faba L.

水分胁迫对蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)叶片水分状况的影响

两个蚕豆品种经水分胁迫 ,蚕豆叶片的含水量、叶片相对含水量 ( RWC)降低 ,水分饱和亏缺 ( WSD)明显增大 ,主要是自由水含量减少而致 .香珠豆的气孔调节能力强 ,RWC、自由水下降幅度小 ,保水能力强 ,抗旱性强 .

盐胁迫对蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)叶绿素a和b含量的影响

用不同的盐浓度对蚕豆 (ViciafabaL .)处理的实验表明 :叶绿素含量随盐浓度的增大而有所降低 ,而叶绿素a/b则无明显变化。当NaCl浓度升至 1%时 ,叶绿素的含量在处理后的第三天呈现“增 -降”现象 ,在 1 5 %NaCl浓度下 ,“增 -降”尤为显著。这种叶绿素含量的变化势必影响到以叶片叶绿素含量比来判断植物抗盐性大小。

蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)叶片对土壤干旱胁迫的适应机理

蚕豆在不同土壤干旱条件下的盆栽试验结果表明 ,蚕豆对土壤干旱胁迫有一定的适应能力 .这种适应能力主要通过三种调节过程实现 ,即通过叶片水分饱和亏缺的反馈控制实现的气孔运动的调节 ;通过K+、游离脯氨酸和可溶性总糖积累实现的渗透调节 ;

水分胁迫对蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)生长的影响

在轻度水分胁迫下,蚕豆的株高、根长、鲜干重、叶面积、根瘤的数量与重量、开花数、结果数都明显下降,根冠比则上升。水分胁迫严重影响蚕豆的生长。

影响蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)叶片蒸腾速率的几个因子

利用 LI- 1 6 0 0稳态气孔计测定了蚕豆叶片蒸腾速率的日变化以及水分胁迫下蒸腾速率的变化 ,探讨了环境因子对蚕豆叶片蒸腾速率的影响 .结果表明 ,光量子通量密度是影响蒸腾速率的主要气象因子 ,土壤含水量影响叶片相对含水量 。

水分胁迫对蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)光合作用及产量的影响

以重庆市的蚕豆当家品种香珠豆为材料 ,通过人工水分胁迫处理 ,发现随土壤干旱程度的增加 ,蚕豆叶片的净光合速率下降 ,光饱和点降低 ,光补偿点提高 ,CO2 补偿点提高 ,光呼吸增大 ;生长减弱 ,同化产物的积累减少 ,最终表现为植株的株高、根长、鲜干重、叶面积、根瘤的数量与重量、开花数、结荚数都明显下降 ,根冠比则上升 .

Correlation Analysis and Principal Component Analysis of Eight Agronomic Traits of Autumn Broad Beans (Vicia faba L.)

[Objectives] This study was conducted to give play to the yield-increasing potential of new broad bean varieties. [Methods] The correlation analysis and principal component analysis of eight main agronomic traits of 15 autumn-sown broad bean varieties in 2017-2018 were carried out. [Results] There were extremely complicated correlations between the agronomic traits. Among the various agronomic traits, the number of pods per plant showed a significant negative correlation from the number of seeds per pod(P<0.05), and significant negative correlations with pod length and 100-grain weight(P<0.01). The number of seeds per pod was significantly positively correlated with pod length(P<0.01). The 100-grain weight of broad beans was significantly positively correlated with the pod length(P<0.01), and was significantly negatively correlated with the number of pods per plant(P<0.01). Three principal components were established by principal component analysis, and the contribution rate of the first principal component was the highest, which was 40.18%. The contribution rates of the second principal component and the third principal component to the total variance were 24.08% and 13.55%, respectively. The score equations of the principal components were derived. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical reference for the application and promotion of new varieties of autumn broad beans.

Pb^(+2)、Cd^(+2)、Hg^(+2)对蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)乳酸脱氢酶的影响

Ｐｂ＋２、Ｃｄ＋２、Ｈｇ＋２浓度分别小于５．００ｍｇ／ｋｇ、２．００ｍｇ／ｋｇ、０．５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ时，蚕豆（ＶｉｃｉａｆａｂａＬ．）乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）的活性高于对照组；当处理剂量分别升高超过上述剂量时，ＬＤＨ活性显著地降低。分析不同污染处理条件下的ＬＤＨ同工酶，发现其５种同工酶在不同金属以及同一金属的不同剂量处理条件下，有差异表达的特性。其中ＬＤＨ２在小剂量重金属作用下被诱导表达；ＬＤＨ４对金属离子反应比较敏感，ＬＤＨ３和ＬＤＨ５对金属具有较好的抗逆性。由于各同工酶生理功能的差异性，从而认为重金属作用下ＬＤＨ的适应性变化，只是一种生理功能的补偿，降低了植物对物质和能量的利用效率，显示出“适应代价”。本文还讨论了重金属对植物生理过程的影响方式和机理。

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases Mediate the Signaling Pathway of Stomatal Closure of Vicia faba L.

: The regulation of stomatal movement is one of the most important signaling networks in plants. The H+-ATPase at the plasma membrane of guard cells plays a critical role in the stomata opening, while there are some conflicting results regarding the effectiveness of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase inhibitor, vanadate, in inhibiting stomata opening. We observed that 2 mmol/L vanadate hardly inhibited light-stimulated stomata opening in epidermal peels of Vicia faba L., but significantly inhibited dark- and ABA-induced stomatal closure. These results cannot be explained with the previous findings that H+-ATPase was inhibited by vanadate. In view of the fact that vanadate is an inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases), we investigated whether the stomatal movement regulated by vanadate is through the regulation of PTPase. As expected, phenylarsine oxide (PAO), a specific inhibitor of PTPase, has very similar effects and even more effective than vanadate. Typical PTPase activity was found in guard cells of V. faba; moreover, the phosphatase activity could be inhibited by both vanadate and PAO. These results not only provide a novel explanation for conflicting results about vanadate modulating stomatal movement, but also provide further evidence for the involvement of PTPases in modulating signal transduction of stomatal movement.

Nitric oxide involved in signal transduction of Jasmonic acid-induced stomatal closure of Vicia faba L.

Nitric oxide (NO) and Jasmonic acid (JA) are two key signaling molecules involved in many and diverse biological pathways in plants. Growing evidence suggested that NO signaling interacts with JA signaling. In this work, Our experiment showed that NO exists in guard cell of Vicia faba L., and NO is involved in signal transduction of JA- induced stomata closuring: (ⅰ) JA enhances NO synthesis in guard cell; (ⅱ) both JA and NO induced stomatal closure, and had dose response to their effects; (ⅲ) there are synergetic correlation between JA and lower NO concentration in regu- lation of stomatal movement; (ⅳ) JA-induced stomatal closure was largely prevented by 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetrame- thylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO), a specific NO scav- enger. An inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS) in mammalian cells, NG-nitro-L-Arg-methyl eater (L-NAME) also inhibits plant NOS, repressing JA-induced NO generation and JA-induced stomatal closure. We presumed that NO mainly comes from NOS after JA treatment.

蚕豆(Viciafaba L.)叶片蒸腾速率的因子分析

利用LI 16 0 0稳态气孔计测定了蚕豆叶片蒸腾速率的日变化 ,以及水分胁迫下蒸腾速率的变化 ,探讨了环境因子对蚕豆叶片蒸腾速率的影响 .结果表明 ,光量子通量密度是影响蒸腾速率的主要气象因子 ,土壤含水量影响叶片相对含水量 ,并通过气孔扩散阻力来影响蒸腾速率 .

Localization of NOS-like protein in guard cells of Vicia faba L.and its possible function

Using the immuno-fluorescence and immuno-gold electron microscope technology, localization of ni- tric oxide synthase (NOS)-like proteins was determined in guard cells of Vicia faba L. NOS is mainly localized in nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplast, mitochondria and the cell wall of guard cells. Scorch and exogenous JA can enhance the level of nitric oxide (NO) and increase NOS activity in both leaf and epidermis, and the changing pattern of NOS activity was consistent with the change of NO. NOS in- hibitor, L-NAME, inhibited JA-induced NO generation. From the results, we presumed that NO genera- tion from NOS pathway is the main pathway in the stress and JA responses. The pharmacological ex- periment showed that increasing the Ca2+ at a suitable concentration promoted leaf NOS activity and the NO level, indicating that NOS activity together with the distribution of NO is Ca2+-dependent. NOS and NO are possibly involved in the regulation of stomatal movement thus playing an important role in plant stress responses.

Protein tyrosine phosphatasesinvolved in signaling of the ABA-induced H_2O_2 generationin guard cells of Vicia faba L.

Although protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) play an important role in signal transduction in animal cells, little is known about the function of PTPases in higher plants. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and mito- gen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are the critical com- ponents of ABA signaling pathway in guard cells. PTPase is an important regulator of MAPK, which is believed to medi- ate ABA-induced H2O2 generation in guard cells of Vicia faba L. Here, we investigate the possible role of PTPases in stomatal movement process. Phenylarsine oxide (PAO), a specific inhibitor of PTPases, could prevent ABA or H2O2-induced stomatal closure of Vicia faba L; furthermore, it could promote opening of the stomata closed by ABA or H2O2. The activity of PTPases can be effectively inhibited by PAO and H2O2. DTT had no effect on the PAO-induced inhi- bition of PTPases activity, but it could relieve the inhibition of H2O2 on PTPases activity. PAO could also inhibit the ABA-induced H2O2 generation in guard cells of Vicia faba L. These results suggested that PTPases is a critical signaling component in ABA-induced stomatal closure, and serve as targets for H2O2 lying on the signaling pathways downstream of ABA induced H2O2 generation.

Ca^(2+) is involved in muscarineacetylcholine-receptor-mediated acetylcholine signal transduction in guard cells of Vicia faba L.

Acetyicholine (ACh) is an important neuro-chemical transmitter in animals; it also exists in plants and plays a significant role in various kinds of physiological functions in plants. ACh has been known to induce the stomatal opening. By monitoring the changes of cytusolic Ca^2+ with fluorescent probe Fiuo-3 AM under the confocal microscopy, we found that exogenous ACh increased cytosolic Ca^2+ concentration of guard cells of Vicia faba L. Muscarlne, an agonist of muscarine acetyicholine receptor (mAChR), could do so as well. In contrast, atropine, the antagonist of mAChR abolished the ability of ACh to increase Ca^2+ in guard cells. This mechanism is similar to mAChR in animals. When EGTA was used to chelate Ca^2+ or ruthenium red to block Ca^2+ released from vacuole respectively, the results showed that the increased cytosolic Ca^2+ mainly come from intracellular Ca^2+ store. The evidence supports that Ca^2+ is involved in guard-cell response to ACh and that Ca^2+ sigual is coupled to mAChRs in ACh signal transduction in guard cells.

重金属对蚕豆(vicia faba)根尖的核酸含量及核酸酶活性影响的研究

Pb^(2+)、Cd^(2+)、Zn^(2+)在低浓度作用下,随处理浓度的升高,刺激蚕豆(Vicia faba)DNA含量(处理浓度分别低于10.0、0.50、50.0ppm)和RNA含量(处理浓度分别低于10.0、50.0、50.0ppm),DNase活性(处理浓度均低于10.0ppm)和RNase活性(处理浓度分别低于20.0、10.0、50.0ppm)相应地升高;当处理浓度超过相应浓度时,DNA和RNA含量以及DNase与RNase活性随浓度升高而降低。Hg^(2+)在小于0.05ppm时使RNase活性升高,高于该浓度使其降低,其它各指标无上述规律性变化。重金属对核酸代谢的影响结果取决于植物组织的适应性反应与金属离子的毒性反应的强度。文章还讨论了金属离子特征和可能存在的不同代谢活动的抗性诱导体系对植物毒性的影响,以及蛋白质的代谢活动对植物适应性水平的影响。

蚕豆VfNHX1基因克隆及初步功能验证

【目的】探究蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)VfNHX1基因在响应盐胁迫过程中的作用。【方法】通过3′和5′RACE方法,从蚕豆中克隆了1个Na^(+)/H^(+)逆向转运蛋白编码基因VfNHX1,并对其进行了生物信息学分析、亚细胞定位、盐胁迫下的表达分析和初步功能验证。【结果】(1)该基因全长2255 bp,CDS编码区长1629 bp,编码542个氨基酸;(2)生物信息学分析显示,该蛋白有10个跨膜区,不具有信号肽,是一个结构稳定的膜蛋白,且包含1个NHX蛋白家族特有的Na-H Exchanger结构域;亚细胞定位分析显示VfNHX1定位在液泡膜上;(3)实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)分析显示,在NaCl处理后,叶片中VfNHX1表达量呈现先降低后升高,随即又下降的变化趋势,且在12 h时达最高值;根中VfNHX1表达量先降低后升高,在48 h时表达量显著升高(P<0.01);(4)酵母生长试验结果表明,VfNHX1可以提高盐敏感酵母突变体AXT4K对高盐的耐受能力。【结论】VfNHX1基因能够响应盐胁迫,是蚕豆潜在抗盐功能基因。