Not in Control,but Liable?Attributing Human Responsibility for Fully Automated Vehicle Accidents

Human agency has become increasingly limited in complex systems with increasingly automated decision-making capabilities.For instance,human occupants are passengers and do not have direct vehicle control in fully automated cars(i.e.,driverless cars).An interesting question is whether users are responsible for the accidents of these cars.Normative ethical and legal analyses frequently argue that individuals should not bear responsibility for harm beyond their control.Here,we consider human judgment of responsibility for accidents involving fully automated cars through three studies with seven experiments(N=2668).We compared the responsibility attributed to the occupants in three conditions:an owner in his private fully automated car,a passenger in a driverless robotaxi,and a passenger in a conventional taxi,where none of these three occupants have direct vehicle control over the involved vehicles that cause identical pedestrian injury.In contrast to normative analyses,we show that the occupants of driverless cars(private cars and robotaxis)are attributed more responsibility than conventional taxi passengers.This dilemma is robust across different contexts(e.g.,participants from China vs the Republic of Korea,participants with first-vs third-person perspectives,and occupant presence vs absence).Furthermore,we observe that this is not due to the perception that these occupants have greater control over driving but because they are more expected to foresee the potential consequences of using driverless cars.Our findings suggest that when driverless vehicles(private cars and taxis)cause harm,their users may face more social pressure,which public discourse and legal regulations should manage appropriately.

Research on the Collaborative Governance of Social Responsibility in Online Audiovisual Enterprises

This paper aims to analyze the present conditions of the social responsibility ecosystem in online audiovisual enterprises in the digital age. It focuses on the governance of social responsibility in these enterprises and conducts an in-depth analysis of the problems and influencing factors related to the social responsibility aberrations of online audiovisual enterprises. Drawing upon social responsibility theory and collaborative governance theory, this research constructs a social responsibility guidance and governance system guided by the public, supported by the voluntary fulfillment of responsibilities by online audiovisual enterprises, and based on the collaborative participation of diverse stakeholders. It explores and optimizes the implementation pathways of this system, providing theoretical support and practical guidance for promoting the sustainable development of online audiovisual enterprises. Furthermore, it aims to contribute to the creation of a harmonious Internet ecosystem.

Practice and Exploration of Ideological and Political Education for Postgraduate Students Under the Mentor Responsibility System

This study aims to address the problems existing in the ideological and political education of postgraduate students,and combines the implementation of the mentor responsibility system to explore the role orientation,work content,and practical effects of mentors in the ideological and political education of postgraduate students.Through questionnaire surveys,interviews,and other research methods,the current situation of ideological and political education of postgraduate students under the mentor responsibility system is analyzed,and corresponding optimization strategies are proposed.

The Correlation between Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR)and Chinese Family Enterprises in China

It is imperative to aggressively advocate for and transmit the ideas of corporate social responsibility as Chinese family enterprises transition into the phase of corporate inheritance.This study conducts a thorough examination of existing literature to elucidate the concept and model of western corporate social responsibility.It also analyses the current state of Chinese corporate social responsibility and highlights the fulfilment of corporate social responsibility by private enterprises.Furthermore,it specifically investigates the significance of family enterprises in promoting and preserving the culture of corporate responsibility.Lastly,it delves into the correlation between corporate social responsibility and family enterprises.This study presents the process of transmission and inheritance of Chinese family firms,focusing on the influence of Chinese traditional culture,the original purpose of enterprise development,and enterprise image.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Shipping Supply Chain Risks

This study aims to investigate whether Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR)activities reduce supply chain disruptions by examining the impact of the Suez Canal obstruction on the Ever Given container ship in March 2021.This study conclude that the more responsible companies have higher returns and are less affected by this event than the less responsible companies;the less responsible companies have lower returns.The companies with better CSR have a lower impact on their supply chains when faced with disruptions in the supply chain.

Research on Corporate Social Responsibility Evaluation Based on Improved CRITIC-TOPSIS—A Case Study of Listed Companies in China’s Pharmaceutical Distribution Industry

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has garnered considerable attention from countries, institutions, enterprises and social groups. However, the lack of research on CSR evaluation system for industries has impeded its development and construction across various industries. Therefore, given the close association of pharmaceutical distribution enterprises with personal health, there exists a pressing need to explore the CSR in this domain. This paper establishes a CSR evaluation index system for pharmaceutical distribution enterprises, employing a combination of documentary analysis and in-depth interviews. This index system comprises 7 CSR criterion layers (e.g., responsible governance and employee responsibility) and 56 index layers. 25 listed companies in China’s pharmaceutical distribution industry are chosen as research objects, and this study also establishes an evaluation model for the CSR of pharmaceutical distribution companies through the improved Criteria Importance Though Intercrieria Correlation (CRITIC) method combined with The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. The empirical analysis reveals that the responsible governance criterion layer and the social development criterion layer demonstrate the best performance, while the supplier, customer and patient responsibility criterion layer exhibit the worst performance.

Inter-Provincial Transaction Model in Two-Level ElectricityMarket Considering Carbon Emission and Consumption Responsibility Weights

In the context of the joint operation of China’s intra-provincial markets and inter-provincial trading,how to meet the load demand and energy consumption using inter-provincial renewable energy trading is a key problem.The combined operation of intra-provincial and inter-provincial markets provides a new way for provincial power companies to optimize and clear the intra-provincial power market,complete the intra-provincial consumption responsibility weight index,and consume renewable energy across provinces and regions.This paper combines power generation and consumption within the province,uses inter-provincial renewable energy trading tomeet the load demand within the province and completes the index of intra-provincial consumption responsibility weights.The intra-provincial market trading and inter-provincial market clearing are respectively taken as the upper and lower levels of the model.Under the two-level electricity market operation framework,the upper-level model aims to minimize the expected total operating cost within the province considering the carbon emission cost and the weight of the consumption responsibility,while the lower-level model aims to minimize the inter-provincial renewable energy purchasing cost.Finally,the influence of inter-provincial transaction mechanism,risk aversion coefficient,voucher price,and responsibility weight on operating cost is analyzed.Simulation is used to verify that the proposed model can meet the requirements of the provincial load power consumption and the consumption responsibility weight index,and promote the consumption of renewable energy.

Dynamic model and driving strategy of corporate social responsibility

Corporate social responsibility is the inevitable requirement for the survival and development of enterprises in modern society,as well as the basic guarantee for the sustainable development of economy and society.In order to analyze the driving factors of corporate social responsibility from both internal and external aspects,the dynamic model of corporate social responsibility was constructed,and the driving strategies of corporate social responsibility were also suggested.The driving factors of corporate social responsibility include not only the external constraints of policies,regulations and stakeholders,but also the internal requirements of the sustainable development of enterprises.Only when the external driving force is transformed into the spontaneous and conscious responsibility behavior of the enterprise,can the enterprise achieve its due effect.Moreover,in order to better fulfill the social responsibility,enterprise should build a management system of social responsibility,enhance the awareness of social responsibility,and promote the effective implementation of social responsibility projects.The relevant department should strengthen the all-round supervision of corporate social responsibility,and further improve the policies,laws and regulations related to social responsibility.Enterprises should strengthen communication with stakeholders,actively disclose social responsibility information,and constantly improve social responsibility behavior.By implementing social responsibility,enterprise can improve its business environment,enhance corporate brand image and core competitiveness,and promote the sustainable development of economy and society.

Corporate Social Responsibility Perception and Happiness of Employees:Evidence From Disney Resort in China

In recent years,many scholars have discussed good corporate culture,such as corporate social responsibility.The study investigates the relationship between employee perceptions of corporate social responsibility(CSR)and happiness in China’s resort industry.Four types of corporate social responsibilities are economic,legal,ethical,and discretionary.The study is an empirical study conducted to survey full-time workers who are working in Disney Resort,China.257 effective samples have been collected.The result implicated that the Disney Resort employees’corporate social responsibility perception positively affects happiness.Economic,legal,ethical,and discretionary responsibility all positively affect happiness.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Green Innovation-The Mediating Effect of Financing Constraints

Green innovation has become a strategic direction for the country and enterprises,and it is an important facet in achieving high-quality economic development.Whether corporate social responsibility(CSR),as a key competitive strategy for achieving sustainable economic development,can promote corporate green innovation and the path of evolution has become a hot topic of current research.This paper takes Chinese manufacturing A share listed companies as its sample and uses Stata sofware to conduct regression analysis to test the relationship between CSR,financing constraints,and green innovation,respectively.It further distinguishes the sample into different technological properties and different regions to study the degree of differentiation of the mediating effect on financing constraints.The results show that CSR can not only directly promote corporate green innovation,but that it also can further positively influence corporate green innovation by alleviating financing constraints.Financing constraints play a mediating role in the relationship between CSR and green innovation,especially in enterprises with strong innovation demand and in regions with high levels of regional economic development.The findings enrich the research perspective on the relationship between CSR and green innovation and provide realistic data support for subsequent studies.

高速履带车辆横摆运动响应特性分析与试验验证

为研究高速履带车辆操纵特性,奠定高速电驱动履带车辆的操纵稳定性评价及控制的基础,建立了高速履带车辆非线性转向动力学模型及2自由度线性转向动力学模型,并对模型进行试验验证。利用2自由度线性模型推导了高速履带车辆横摆运动传递函数,基于此进行了高速履带车辆横摆运动时域和频域响应特性分析,提出履带车辆稳态横摆角速度增益及临界阻尼车速的定义。研究结果表明:履带车辆稳态横摆角速度增益均小于1,履带车辆具有不足转向特性;履带车辆系统阻尼比在1左右;当车速小于临界阻尼车速时,车辆系统为过阻尼系统,横摆角速度响应的上升时间在0.2 s内;当车速等于临界阻尼车速时,车辆系统为临界阻尼系统,横摆角速度响应的上升时间大于10 s;当车速大于临界阻尼车速时,车辆系统为欠阻尼系统,横摆角速度响应的上升时间迅速减小至2~3 s。

油气田刺激响应性材料应用现状及前景展望

油田化学品在钻井完井、压裂酸化、调剖堵水、乳化降黏、油水分离等环节发挥关键作用,但低渗透、高温、高盐、极端pH及使用过程中温度、pH变化等苛刻油气藏环境,给应用于油田化学品的聚合物和表面活性剂的研发带来了严峻的挑战。引入磺酸基等抗温抗盐基团或增大驱油剂相对分子质量等传统方式已难以满足油田需求。该文介绍了温度敏感聚合物、pH敏感聚合物、磁响应聚合物、CO_(2)敏感聚合物及表面活性剂、盐度敏感聚合物响应环境变化的刺激响应原理和性能;综述了5种刺激响应性材料在钻井完井、提高采收率、乳化破乳、压裂酸化、调剖堵水、油水分离等方向的应用,展望了刺激响应性材料在油气开采中的发展前景。

Research on the Relationship Between Human Resource Management and Corporate Environmental Responsibility

The significance of human resource management in enterprise management is steadily growing,especially as businesses today are expected to shoulder their share of social responsibility.Among these responsibilities,corporate environmental responsibility assumes a pivotal role.This paper aims to investigate the interplay between human resource management practices and corporate environmental responsibility.The study employs various factors of human resource management practices as independent variables,using the current environmental status quo and environmental innovation capacity as intermediary variables,and adopts multiple regression analysis to scrutinize the influencing factors of corporate environmental responsibility.The findings underscore that when the working environment is favorable,enterprise human resource management practices can effectively enhance corporate environmental responsibility.Furthermore,when supported by environmentally responsible behavior,these human resources practices exhibit a positive influence on a company’s environmental responsibility.Consequently,this study provides practical recommendations for enhancing corporate environmental responsibility.

计及灾后恢复全过程储能应急响应能力的配电网韧性规划

储能因响应快、灵活性高的特点,已成为可再生能源发展必不可少的支撑技术,不仅具有削峰填谷、改善电能质量的作用,在灾后恢复过程中的应急响应能力同样不可忽视。提出了一种计及灾后恢复全过程储能应急响应能力的配电网韧性规划方法,构建了同时考虑网架增强和储能配置策略的配电网韧性增强双层规划模型,系统地刻画了极端灾害发生后配电网网架重构、设备抢修及复电等灾后恢复全过程的源-网-荷-储互动模式场景。最后,通过IEEE33节点系统的算例分析表明,所提方法能更充分地挖掘储能的应急响应潜力,有效提高增强性规划决策的精准度,获得更佳的投资回报。

苯磺酸瑞马唑仑联合舒芬太尼对宫腔镜手术患者血流动力学及应激反应的影响

目的评价苯磺酸瑞马唑仑麻醉对宫腔镜手术患者血流动力学及应激反应的影响。方法选取择期行宫腔镜手术患者94例,应用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组各47例。对照组给予丙泊酚联合舒芬太尼,研究组给予苯磺酸瑞马唑仑联合舒芬太尼。比较两组血流动力学、应激反应指标、疼痛和镇静情况,以及不良反应发生情况。结果两组心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)在置入喉罩时(T_(1))、扩张宫颈时(T_(2))、拔除喉罩时(T_(3))与麻醉诱导前(T_(0))比较均明显降低(P<0.05),对照组血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))在T_(1)与T_(0)比较明显降低(P<0.05)。研究组T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)时点HR、MAP明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组术后2、12、48 h肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、皮质醇(Cor)与术前比较均明显升高(P<0.05),且研究组E、NE、Cor明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组术后2、12 h静息VAS评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05),Ramsay评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组术后不良反应发生率(6.38%)明显低于对照组(29.79%,P<0.05)。结论与丙泊酚联合舒芬太尼相比,苯磺酸瑞马唑仑联合舒芬太尼在宫腔镜手术中血流动力学更稳定,术后应激反应与疼痛更低,镇静效果良好,不良反应少。

中国式刑事证明结构:分段包干与选择性接力

1979年颁行的《刑事诉讼法》确立了我国分段包干与选择性接力的证明结构。它既体现在侦诉审关系中,也体现在上下审关系中。在这一结构中,公检法在各自主导的诉讼阶段只有调查程序和方式的差异,并无查证责任和目标的差异。后端办案机关有接力查证的责任。接力者具有依照法定证明标准选择是否接力的判断权,也有选择接力主体、范围和方法的裁量权。《刑事诉讼法》虽然历经多次修改,但均朝着优化结构的方向前行。我国刑事证明结构具有如下鲜明特色:一是事实认定权力的去中心主义,二是专门机关查证责任的同质化,三是查证范围认定权的单元化,四是“调查”真相演变为“接着查”真相,五是作为查明真相协助者的辩方。

川赤芍总苷提取工艺优化、组成和抗氧化活性分析

探究超声波辅助乙醇提取川赤芍总苷,通过单因素和响应面优化提取工艺,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法检测总苷组成,并通过体外抗氧化试验评价总苷的抗氧化活性。结果表明:最佳提取工艺为超声功率175 W、超声时间42 min、乙醇浓度70%、液料倍数30(mL/g),此工艺条件下提取的川赤芍总苷得率为(5.86±0.32)%。HPLC分析总苷共检测到21个特征峰,其中没食子酸0.63 mg/g、氧化芍药苷11.28 mg/g、儿茶素18.64 mg/g、芍药内酯苷5.82 mg/g、芍药苷54.82 mg/g、苯甲酰芍药苷15.74 mg/g、丹皮酚原苷0.98 mg/g,共占总质量的95.35%。总苷清除DPPH·、ABTS+·和·OH-的IC50值分别为0.78、1.13、0.98 mg/mL,总苷的抗氧化活性强弱与浓度呈现较好的正相关。

外源褪黑素对低温逆境下三角梅生理特性和细胞壁组分的影响

【目的】研究褪黑素对低温逆境下三角梅生理生化及细胞壁组分的调控作用,为缓解低温对三角梅生长造成的不利影响提供理论依据。【方法】以不同耐冷性的3个三角梅品种安格斯、口红、变色龙为供试材料,在4℃低温下对三角梅植株叶面施加不同浓度(0、50、100、150μmol·L^(-1))的外源褪黑素,测定各处理组生长0、7、14、21 d的叶面积、叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数[PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、表观电子传递速率(ETR)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、非光化学猝灭系数(qN)]、抗氧化酶[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)]活性、膜脂过氧化产物[超氧阴离子(O2-)产生速率、过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))含量]、渗透调节物质[可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白(SP)]含量、细胞壁组分[螯合型果胶(CSP)、碱溶性果胶(SSP)、半纤维素(HC)和纤维素(CE)]含量。【结果】低温逆境下三角梅的正常生长发育受阻,叶绿素荧光参数失衡,膜脂过氧化加剧,细胞壁组分受到影响。而施加100μmol·L^(-1)的褪黑素能够有效地提升三角梅的生理活性,改善植株萎蔫程度,Fv/Fm与ETR降幅减小;抗氧化酶活性显著增加,强耐冷型品种安格斯较于0 d的SOD、POD、CAT最大可增加96.45%、104.35%、73.11%;H_(2)O_(2)含量、O2-生成速率对比同周期MT0最多下降21.07%、26.85%;细胞壁组分中CSP、SSP上升幅度增加,较于0 d最多可上涨22.55%、43.08%。【结论】明确了外源褪黑素在生理特性方面对不同品种三角梅冷害的调控作用,外源施加适宜浓度的褪黑素可以有效缓解低温对三角梅生长的抑制,减轻光系统损伤,增强抗氧化酶活性,减缓膜脂氧化,并调节细胞壁各组分含量以维持其结构整体稳定,从而降低低温伤害,为探索褪黑素对冷害下植物的调控作用提供新思路。

受试者测试状态对卡尔曼加权平均ABR测试残余噪声的影响

目的探讨采用卡尔曼加权平均(Kalman-weighted averaging,KWA)的听性脑干反应(ABR)测试中,受试者不同测试状态对残余噪声及ABR波V振幅的影响。方法选取21例(42耳)18~34岁听力正常成年人,分别在安静诊室内三种不同的状态下(安静平卧、坐位、写字)使用卡尔曼加权平均的新型ABR系统(vivosonic integrity system)进行ABR测试,同时使用传统ABR测试系统(interacoustics,IA)在隔声屏蔽室内进行ABR测试,记录各状态下受试者ABR反应的残余噪声水平和波V幅值并进行比较。结果①传统ABR和卡尔曼加权平均ABR三种不同测试状态(平卧、坐位、写字)下波V振幅没有显著差异(P>0.05);②卡尔曼加权平均ABR安静平卧和坐位两种状态下的残余噪声水平较传统ABR低,但无统计学差异(P>0.05);卡尔曼加权平均ABR在写字状态下的残余噪声水平显著高于其他三种状态(P<0.05);③写字状态下卡尔曼加权平均ABR的残余噪声、波V振幅在左右耳之间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。结论与传统ABR相比,卡尔曼加权平均ABR在写字状态下的残余噪声显著升高,但安静平卧和坐位状态下的残余噪声水平与传统ABR无显著差异,受试者的不同测试状态对残余噪声水平有一定影响。

计及成本和价值的长周期负荷侧调节能力投入策略

随着新型电力系统的发展,负荷侧调节能力建设日益受到关注,对于负荷侧调节能力成本、价值及其投入策略的研究,具有重要意义。基于近10 a来中国电力工业发展的基础数据,结合新型电力系统发展态势,分析了负荷侧调节能力需求的背景,通过对发用电两侧调节能力特点的比较,从电力系统整体角度梳理了负荷侧调节能力的投入所带来的增量价值,分析了负荷侧调节能力的应用价值盈余,进一步结合具体需求提出了3种长周期下负荷侧调节能力投入的优化策略模型,并进行了算例分析。结果显示:负荷侧调节能力的投入有利于降低电力系统的总成本、增加系统调节能力,但是由于其成本曲线的变化以及“非持久特性”等因素,其投入策略需要综合长周期市场发展需求和发用电两侧成本因素进行权衡,所提出的3种优化模型各有其适用场景。