Gasification kinetic modelling of Victorian brown coal chars and validity for entrained flow gasification in CO_(2)

The gasification kinetic modelling of two Victorian brown coal(Yallourn and Maddingley)chars and the validity for entrained flow gasification were investigated in this study.The study was conducted in a thermogravimetric analyzer(TGA)at 750–1100℃,30%–90%CO_(2)concentration using different char particle sizes within 20–106 mm.It was found that random pore model and modified volumetric model are applicable for TGA results,but volumetric model and grain model are not.The effect of particle size under106 mm on gasification rate is very limited.Activation energies of Maddingley char and Yallourn char in CO_(2)gasification are 219–220 and 197–208 k J/mol,respectively.The pre-exponential factors are in the same order of magnitude,and they increased as particle size decreased.A mathematical model was developed to predict carbon conversion over time for entrained flow gasification of Victorian brown coal chars at 1000–1400℃.

Traditional Values on Males in Victorian Age——A Case study of Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest

In Victorian Age, many literary works recorded the social realities and traditional social value system, and Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest is a good case in point. In this play, males are valued in terms of both birth condition and economic basis, which are two general standards from the traditional value system of the mainstream society. Oscar Wilde in this play satirizes the restrained and distorted traditional values and the hypocritical Victorian society. This paper will probe into how the social status and economic conditions determine males' fate in Victorian Age and on Oscar Wilde's creation.

A Brief Analysis on Women in Victorian Age --Based on Mrs. Warren＇ s Profession

George Bernard Shaw is one of the prominent playwrights in the world. His masterpiece Mrs. Warren＇ s Profession has an important effect on the world. This play is so influential that it injects a new thing into the black society. This play also inspires women to stand up to fight against the old power. Only by describing the suffering of Warren and Vivie can the writer expose the social root forming the brothel in the capital society. It also shows Shaw is critical and sympathetic towards women in the society. This work has been studied in different aspects by scholars. Based on women in Victorian Society, this paper mainly discusses the main characters Warren and Vivie Warren to form a distinctive contrast between submissive woman and new woman. Warren and Vivie serve an example to illustrate the features of Victorian women. War Warren, a symbol of the submissive woman who runs brothel, submits to the reality and makes a living by doing exploiting, while as a new woman and a positive figure, Vivie is brave enough to break away from all the traditional bondage and pursues a new life after knowing that her mother has been doing this kind of work. All the differences in the character lead to the break-up between the two.

Thackeray’s Criticism of Women's Role as Angel in the House in 19th Century Reflected in Vanity Fair

This paper is going to probe Thackeray’s critical attitudes towards women’s role as an angel in the house in Victorian time as reflected in his masterpiece Vanity Fair. It can be divided into three parts, introduction, which gives main information about the novel, then an analysis of the two major women characters in the novel to show that irony of being a family angel without happy ending, and the discussion of Thackeray’s sarcasm toward this phenomenon reflected in the novel. At the end of the paper, a list of biography is presented.

Dutch version of the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles questionnaire for Achilles tendinopathy: Reliability, validity and applicability to non-athletes

AIM To translate the Victorian Institute of Sports AssessmentAchilles(VISA-A) questionnaire into the Dutch language(VISA-A-NL), and to assess its reliability, validity, and applicability to non-athletes.METHODS After translation according to a forward-backward protocol, 101 patients with complaints of Achilles tendinopathy were asked to fill out the VISA-A-NL at two time points together with visual analogue scale, the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score, and the Short Form-36 questionnaires. Reliability, internal consistency, construct validity, and content validity were tested.RESULTS The VISA-A-NL showed high reliability(0.97, 95%CI: 0.95-0.98). Cronbach's alpha(internal consistency) was 0.80. It increased to 0.88 without activity domain. Correlation with other questionnaires was moderate or poorer.CONCLUSION The VISA-A-NL proved to be an excellent evaluation instrument for the Dutch physician. If applied to nonathletes, using a modified score(questions 1-6) should be considered.

Integration of remotely sensed indices for land cover changes caused by the 2009 Victorian bushfires using Landsat TM imagery

In order to minimise the bushfires negative impacts on society, an efficient andreliable bushfire detection system was proposed to assess the devastated effects of the2009 Victorian bushfires.It is possible to utilise the repetitive capability of satellite remotesensing imagery to identify the location of change to the Earth's surface and integrate thedifferent remotely sensed indices.The results confirm that the procedure can offer essentialspatial information for bushfire assessment.

Against Orthodoxy： Sex, Marriage, and Gender Roles in George Meredith＇s Poems and Novels

George Meredith （1828-1909） is acknowledged as a creator of memorable female characters. Meredith＇s heroines are radically different from the women generally encountered in Victorian fiction. Characteristically, Meredith constructs a type of female character who, in a social context hostile to any break with convention, refuses to conform to the stereotype of the weak, passive, and dependant woman. In accordance with J. S. Mill＇s observations in The Subjection of Women （1869）, Meredith thought that the progress of society could be possible only through female emancipation and admittance of women into public practice. This paper discusses the themes of marital disintegration and ＂conscious adultery＂ that affirm the legitimacy of female pleasure against coercion Thus, the paper will take into consideration the sonnet sequence Modern Love （1862） and one of Meredith＇s most neglected novels, Lord Ormont and His Aminta （1894）, whose heroines are unexpectedly depicted as non-conventional, strong, and proud. A close reading of the texts will reveal the narrative strategies and textual devices through which Meredith exploited a model of womanhood that, by subverting the current ideas on sex, marriage, and gender roles, is able to countermine male ＂egoism＂, the only obstacle to the genuine progress of Victorian society toward real democratization

On Maggie＇s Feminist Thoughts in The Mill on the Floss

George Eliot（1819-1880）, is one of the most highly praised novelists in the literary world in the 19th century because of her unique position in English literature. She wrote a large quantity of works of the highest merit and of far-reaching influence. Her attitude towards feminism has aroused wide attention and has been discussed hotly among feminist critics in different countries. The Mill on the Floss, which first appeared in1860, is regarded as the most excellent autobiographical novel of Eliot. The ideology of male power in the patriarchal society during the Victorian Era is internalized in people＇s heart, which brings huge influence on Maggie＇s female mental state. This paper aims to discuss the causes of Maggie＇s feminist thoughts and manifestation of her feminism, thus, the influence upon women in her times. The paper concludes that Eliot was a great female author full of pioneering feminist thought from the example given by Maggie in The Mill on the Floss.

Supernatural Elements in Kipling＇s ＂The Mark on the Beast＂, Conan Doyle＇s ＂Lot No. 249＂, and Wells＇ ＂The Truth About Peycraft＂： The Gothic Short Story as Voicing and Exorcising Late Victorian Crisis

The aim of this paper is the analysis of the supernatural elements in Kipling＇s ＂The Mark on The Beast＂ （1890） Conan Doyle＇s ＂Lot No. 249＂ （1892）, and Wells＇ ＂The Truth about Peycraft＂ （1903） conceived of as the expression of the revitalisation of the Gothic imagery which, through the short story, serve to voice and exorcise late Victorian crisis, de-Constructing late Victorian identity. First, the complex nature of late Victorian Britain crisis will be deepened. Second, the short story will be focused on as an independent genre from the novel which mostly epitomized Fin de Si6cle literary fantastic discourse. Finally, the short stories will be investigated as textual examples of what Brantlinger （1988） defined as Imperial Gothic, instrumental in voicing and exorcising the pressures of late Victorian crisis

On the Failure of Jude's Ambition

In Jude the Obscure, Victorian education and Victorian morality are the main causes of Jude fawley's tragedy in ambition. This article will discuss Jude's tragedy from both external and internal aspects so to explore the realistic attitude toward life and how to facilitate the harmoniousness between society and individual.

The Causes of Sue's Tragedy

In Jude the Obscure,Victorian morality is the main cause of Sue Bridehead’s tragedy.This article will discuss Sue’s tragedy from both ecternal and interal aspects so to explore the realistic attitude toward life and how to facilitate the harmoniousness between society and individual.

A Tentative Analysis on the Carnivalization in The Importance of Being Earnest

As a genius Irish poet and dramatist,Oscar Wilde is one of the most disputable playwrights in the history of English lit erature.Among all his comedies,The Importance of Being Earnest fully shows Wilde's artistic style and comic capability.In the play,Wilde made use of all the comic factors to combine the abnormal plots,funny characters and witty language as a whole,sati rizing the severe ethics and social ills at the late Victorian age.Based on Bakhtin's carnival theory,this thesis trys to illustrate the carnival factors embodied in the importance of being earnest.

On Sarah's Final Freedom-Interpretation of the last ending of The French Lieutenant's woman

The French Lieutenant's Woman is the best-known novel written by John Fowles and is also called the post-modern metafiction.In the novel the mysterious woman Sarah is introduced,who rebels against Victorian conventions to pursue independence and freedom.Undoubtedly,Sarah is an independent woman ahead of her times.This paper is attempted to interpret the last ending of The French Lieutenant's woman written by John Fowles,thus finding relevant evidence to support this interpretation that Sarah has finally got her freedom which is not allowed against the Victorian background.

The Female Characters in Heart of Darkness and Victory

The female characters in Conrad's Heart of Darkness and Victory on one hand seem to be either too idealistic or rather uncivilized and insignificant.On the other hand,they have indispensable functions:they prepare the precondition for the plot,they can reverse the gender stereotype,and they help the inner growth of male protagonists.Even so,the focus of Joseph Conrad is still a patriarchal society where women are motivated by men.

Aestheticism and Morality in The Importance of Being Earnest

The Importance of Being Earnest is a comedy of manners set in the Victorian age. During this period, the rapid develop-ment of science and technology made people ignore the spiritual pursuit and leads to a society full of hypocrisy. In this comedy, Os-car Wilde satirizes the hypocrisy and repression of the Victorian morality under the veil of the aestheticism.

Victorian Times

您听说过维多利亚时代吗？它指维多利亚女王在位的时期（1837-1901）,亦即美国史上最强威的“日不落帝国”时期。它是一个改变、探索和冒险的时代，它还是一个贫富差距极大的时代……

An Analysis of the Role of the Narrator in Cranford:The Transition from“I”to“We”

Mrs.Gaskell carried an excellent reputation in the Victorian era for her quality works in depicting the many strata of society and social changes[1].Among her classic works,Cranford is said to be the only book that she would reread again in her aged years[2].The unique standing of the novel may be ascribed to its careful use of the narrative strategy,specifically the role of the narrator.However,most of the studies on the narrator focus on the feminist point of view,and very few are concerned with the changes of the narrative voice between“I”and“we.”This paper attempts to explain the purpose of this transition by analyzing the role of the narrator and her interactions with other characters.It is concluded that the change of narrative voice is an illustration of the transition of the narrator’s role and emotion,which evokes the readers’emotional response and helps them better understand one of the themes-feminist utopia.This paper is divided into three sections.The first section looks at the social milieu of the novel.The second section discusses two major roles of the narrator,Mary Smith as a reporter and a mediator,respectively.The third section talks about the narrator’s growth from a minor character to a leading participant,and the implied theme is discussed as well.

Women’s Voices in the Victorian Era-Feminist Consciousness in the Bronte Sisters’Works

Before the Victorian era,it was rare for women to be authors and writers to fix the protagonists of their works as female characters.However,in the 19^(th)century,there was a rapid increase of women writers and emphasis on feminist consciousness.Among all the works of women writers,Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights which were written by the Bronte sisters were distinctive.The Bronte sisters conveyed their feminist consciousness and described the society in their works.Both works emphasized romantic relationships as the narrative thread.By shaping the female characters in their works as self-reliant women who fought for equivalence and freedom in the era where male chauvinism occupied leadership roles,the Bronte sisters conveyed their eagerness for freedom,equality,and their feminist consciousness.This paper combines features of the Victorian era and the Bronte sisters’life experiences to analyze feminist consciousness in these two works and make comparisons between them.

The Law and Literature Movement and Victorian Literary-Legal Studies:An Interview with Kieran Dolin

Kieran Dolin is Senior Honorary Research Fellow in English and Literary Studies at the University of Western Australia.He is one of the acclaimed critics of Victorian literary-legal studies and has published widely in this field.During her visit to the University of Western Australia,Wu Sufen conducted an interview with Dolin on such topics as the legal centralism in the Law and Literature movement,the potential of such movement,and Chinese scholars’questions and concerns about this movement,together with the uniqueness of Victorian literary-legal studies.Dolin emphasizes that literature and law are both components of social and cultural practice,so studies on the relations between law and literature can not only reveal social concerns reflected in literary works,but also present the historical development of law and the accordingly shifting narrative patterns that literary works have undergone.