Comparison and Experience Reference of Pork Supply Chain between China and Vietnam on the Basis of Food Safety Security

The paper aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of theoretical model and practice on the pork supply chain of China from the perspective of logical consistency while laying emphasis on the nodes of pork supply chain and the value distribution of value chain. First of all,analyze the conceptual model of pork supply chain in China and further characterize each node of the supply chain as well as the link between the nodes. By comparing with the pork supply chain in Vietnam,analyze the characteristics and existing problems of the pork supply in China.Finally,give advice and suggestions from the aspects of supply chain process reengineering,food quality supervision and the policies & regulations etc.

No country is an island in regulating food safety:How the WTO monitors Chinese food safety laws through the Trade Policy Review Mechanism(TPRM)

Established within the framework of the World Trade Organization （WTO）, the Trade Policy Review Mechanism （TPRM） reviews periodically the trade policies of all WTO Members. The review includes many aspects of food safety regulation. China＇s trade policy is reviewed every two years. This paper analyses in detail the reviews of China＇s trade policy in 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014. It focuses in particular on food safety laws and types of standards, alignment of domestic standards with international standards, the role of different domestic institutions, transparency and notification of food safety measures under the WTO agreements on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures （SPS） and on Technical Barriers to Trade （TBTAgreement）, import and export, and geographical indications （GIs）. It concludes that the WTO TPRM can contribute, within its mandate, to reform of Chinese food safety laws and improvement of food safety in China. it notes that China has already undertaken substantial reforms of its system for regulating food safety. It recommends that China should continue to participate actively in the TPRM, follow its own path with regard to alignment and learn selectively from other WTO Members.

Impact of Food Safety Standards on Food Export

This article research the food quality standards covered global and international regulations on food safety and quality, and public and private standards. The effect of global character of food safety and quality standardization shows that the important effect is increasing marginal costs of certification and accreditation, which puts pressure on export company profits in different countries. Main conclusions yield insights into the key following points： Increased food safety has been associated with higher income. Consumers and governments can afford to focus more on reducing food-borne safety risks once basic quantity needs for foods have been met or are in the process of being met. This suggests that policies focused on increasing income are the surest path to improving food safety in all countries. Food safety regulations should be designed to meet the food safety demands of consumers in rich countries and, at the same time, further the interests of both consumers and producers in poor countries.

Implementing SO 22000 Certification Standards to Strengthen Food Safety Management

This paper deals with the currentfood safety situation,the requirementsof ISO 22000 standards,and ISO 22000standards management certification.It detailsthe implementation of ISO 22000 standardsmanagement certification for the purposeof establishing a food safety managementsystem.

The Food Safety and Consumer Behavior

Food is becoming increasingly a world problem. Determining factors in food consumption are price, income, culture, desires, preferences, and food safety. Price and income are main factors but not the only guide for consumers. Food safety is becoming an equal factor in importance just as price and income in food consumption. Many individuals consider that potential risk of food consumption is too high compared to health benefits that they may provide. In recent times, because of food-related health crises, consumers are losing their confidence. Consumer confidence is lost and in order to regain the lost confidence, governments are setting high food standards, however, millions of people fall ill and economic cost is high. This article intends to provide an overview of the current food safety and consumer behavior, based on reviews of the existing literature.

Private- Sector Standards Regulation with Food Safety in China：Can It Learn Anything from WTO？

It is predicted that in the near future,private- sector standard will,like Tesco,Wal- Mart,Carrefour,still exit. China should modify its current legal regal disciplines' to make the private entities with regards food safety. Probably the mechanism of government-private entities collaboration governance would be a best choice.

Food safety in Vietnam:where we are at and what we can learn from international experiences

Food-borne diseases are attracting a lot of attention in Vietnam as a result of repeated episodes of adulterated and unsafe food.In this paper,we provide some perspectives on food safety in Vietnam from the point of view of an international research institution working on food safety with partners in the country.We argue that one of the key issues of food safety in Vietnam is that certain food value chain stakeholders lack ethics,which leads to the production and trading of unsafe foods in order to make profits irrespective of adverse health effects on consumers.In turn,the shortfall in ethical behaviours around food can be attributed to a lack of incentives or motivating factors.Although food safety causes panic in the population,it is unclear how much contaminated food contributes to the burden of food-borne diseases and food poisonings in Vietnam.However,globally,the biggest health problem associated with food are infections from consuming food contaminated with viruses,bacteria or parasites.A major food safety challenge is the inappropriate way of communicating food risks to the public.Another key constraint is the inherent difficulty in managing food in wet markets and from smallholder production.On the other hand,local foods,and local food production and processing are an important cultural asset as well as being essential to food safety,and these aspects can be put at risk if food safety concerns motivate consumers to purchase more imported foods.In this paper,we also discuss good experiences in food safety management from other countries and draw lessons learnt for Vietnam on how to better deal with the current food safety situation.

Food Safety & Standards

An increasing number of people have realized that food safety is an important issue for public health. It not only concerns public health and safety, but also has direct influence on national economic progress and social development. The development and implementation of food safety standards play a vital role in protecting public health, as well as in standardizing and facilitating the sound development of food production and business. After China became a WTO member, food safety standards, which have been indicated by Application Agreement of Sanitary and Phtosanitory Measurements (SPS Agreement) of WTO as the sanitary measurement for food import and export, have a special and great influence on Chinese food industry and trade. The development and revision of food safety standards have drawn great concerns from all stakeholders including the government, food industries and consumers.

Honey Safety Standards and Its Impacts on China's Honey Export

Food safety standard draws increasing concerns on agricultural trade throughout the world.This paper aims to assess the impact of maximum residual limit standard（MRL） of chloromycetin on honey exporting from China.To achieve this objective,the paper discusses the trends of China＇s honey production and export practices,analyzes changes on MRL of chloromycetin adopted by major importing countries,and use a gravity model to estimate the impact of MRL of chloromycetin on China＇s honey export.The results show that despite the rapid growth of China＇s honey production,honey export has declined significantly since 2000.The major reason of declining honey export was mainly due to the more stringent food safety standards indicated by MRL of chloromycetin imposed by importing countries on their honey imports.

预制菜食品安全监管困境与法律规制探析

食品消费需求的新变化促使预制菜产业迅猛发展。在发掘新的经济增长点的同时,需坚守预制菜食品安全防线。通过梳理当前我国预制菜食品安全监管现状,分析预制菜食品安全监管困境,具体包括我国预制菜食品安全标准缺失、执法模式落后以及社会监管合力不强。根据当前困境,提出我国预制菜食品安全监管对策,即制定并完善预制菜食品安全国家标准、优化执法模式同时提高公众参与程度,为我国预制菜产业高质量发展提供法律供给。

食品添加剂焦磷酸一氢三钠安全标准的研制

焦磷酸一氢三钠是一种新型食品添加剂,国家卫生健康委员会公告2012年第15号批准焦磷酸一氢三钠在我国使用。美国《食品化学品法典(第九版)》、欧盟标准、食品添加剂专家联合委员会JECFA已经制定了焦磷酸一氢三钠标准。在借鉴国外焦磷酸一氢三钠标准的基础上,根据我国焦磷酸一氢三钠产业的实际情况,结合11批次焦磷酸一氢三钠试样的测试验证,确定了焦磷酸一氢三钠技术指标和测定方法。焦磷酸一氢三钠标准设置的技术指标有色泽、状态、焦磷酸一氢三钠含量、总磷酸盐含量、干燥减量、灼烧减量、水不溶物、氟化物、pH值、铅(Pb)、砷(以As计)、镉(以Cd计)、正磷酸盐。经研制和审核,焦磷酸一氢三钠国家标准已于2021年公告。

预制菜生产过程食品安全风险控制及监管措施

近年来,得益于政策支持、餐饮业结构调整、消费者行为变化、产业链各环节企业参与等多重有利因素的驱动,预制菜产业实现了迅速崛起。然而,伴随着行业的快速发展,预制菜产品引发的争议逐渐增多,舆情事件也频繁发生,公众对食品安全问题的关注度日益提升。基于此,本文系统梳理了预制菜的定义范畴、行业发展现状及相关标准,并深入剖析了原料质量不达标、微生物污染、食品添加剂超标使用、标签信息模糊、生产操作不规范以及包装塑化剂残留等潜在的食品安全风险。针对这些风险,提出了加快制定预制菜食品安全国家标准、完善预制菜产品标签管理、推动企业建立健全质量管理体系、加强预制菜食品安全监管等切实可行的建议措施。本文旨在为预制菜食品安全监管提供坚实的理论支撑,推动预制菜产业朝着更加规范、健康的方向发展。

食品安全抽样技术发展与提升

食品安全抽样技术指通过科学的方法和手段,对待检食品进行规范、合理的抽样,以确保样本能准确反映食品总体的属性的一种技术。其主要作用在于提供食品质量安全的评估和监控基础,为保障公众的身体健康和生命安全提供科学依据。本文对食品安全抽样技术的历史脉络进行了回顾,并对目前广泛应用的几种食品安全抽样技术的特点及应用场景进行了归纳总结,在此基础上对当前食品安全抽样技术的面临的挑战及未来发展趋势进行了分析,并提出了应对策略及未来研究的重点,以期为提升我国食品安全保护水平及食品安全监管政策的制定和实施略尽微薄之力。

奶粉罐合规性管理分析

目的对食品接触材料细分领域中的奶粉罐进行分析,给奶粉罐生产及应用企业合规性管理提供指导。方法从奶粉罐罐身、顶底盖、塑料盖勺等组成材料进行分析,研究中国、欧盟、美国等食品接触材料法规现状及其对奶粉罐的安全要求,并给出合规性管理建议。结果国内外食品接触材料法规在体系建设和标准要求等方面存在差异,GB 4806系列标准正在制修订中且管控要求更加严格,奶粉罐中高关注物质增加,给相关企业合规性管理带来了挑战。非靶向筛查技术在食品接触材料领域的研究和应用,为奶粉罐合规性管理提供了参考。结论奶粉罐相关企业应密切关注国内外食品接触材料法规要求及变化,识别新标准及新关注物质给奶粉罐合规性管理带来的影响,结合食品安全符合性测试、符合性声明传递以及非靶向筛查技术等方法应用,提升奶粉罐合规性管理水平。

学校食品安全第三方服务行业标准化实践探析

学校食品安全关系学生身体健康和生命安全,一直受到社会各界高度关注。然而近年来学校食品安全事件频频发生,政府监管力量和学校人员专业水平有限,因此双方都采购食品安全第三方专业服务作为有效补充,此行业因各地大量的技术支撑需求在全国迅速发展,但缺乏入行门槛的情况下机构良莠不齐。本文分析了学校食品安全第三方服务行业的地方实践经验及存在问题,探讨了标准化助力学校食品安全第三方服务质量提升的路径,以有效减少学校食品安全风险隐患。

食品添加剂对食品质量的影响及问题分析

随着社会经济的发展,食品添加剂被广泛运用于食品加工行业中,满足了消费者对食品口感和品质的要求。但食品添加剂使用不当会影响食品安全,危害人们的身体健康。本文探讨了食品添加剂的概念、作用和使用中存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策,以确保食品添加剂的安全使用,保障消费者的身体健康。

基于校园配餐标准化保障校园食品安全探究

校园配餐与学龄儿童和青少年的健康事关亿万家庭幸福,事关社会和谐稳定、国家未来发展。国家高度重视食品安全工作,相关部委联合发布文件,明确校外供餐单位落实食品安全主体责任,学校集中用餐实行预防为主、全程监控、属地管理、学校落实等原则,围绕采购、贮存、加工、配送、供餐等关键环节,健全学校食品安全风险防控体系。本文基于对国内校园配餐现状进行分析,提出标准化在校园配餐食品安全过程中起到的重要作用。

新时代危害食品安全的刑法规制研究

尽管我国《刑法》中的危害食品安全类犯罪属于典型的行政犯,但其中“食品”的范畴远超行政法上的范围,且在该类罪中,两个具体罪名中的“食品”范畴也不一致;构成生产、销售不符合安全标准的食品罪,应以足以造成严重食物中毒事故等危险为基础,需仔细甄别病死、死因不明的动物肉类制品是否具有刑事违法的危险性,而生产、销售有毒有害食品罪中的“有毒、有害的非食品性原料”,应限定为法律法规禁止添加、使用的物质,只有实施了“掺入、掺有”行为,才应成立该罪。