Non-contact wide-field viewing system-assisted scleral buckling surgery for retinal detachment in silicone oilfilled eyes

AIM:To evaluate scleral buckling(SB)surgery using a noncontact wide-field viewing system and 23-gauge intraocular illumination for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in silicone oil(SO)-filled eyes.METHODS:Totally 9 patients(9 eyes)with retinal detachment in SO-filled eyes were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent non-contact wide-field viewing system-assisted buckling surgery with 23-gauge intraocular illumination.SO was removed at an appropriate time based on recovery.The patients were followed up for at least 3mo after SO removal.Retinal reattachment,complications,visual acuity and intraocular pressure(IOP)before and after surgery were observed.RESULTS:Patients were followed up for a mean of 8.22mo(3-22mo)after SO removal.All patients had retinal reattachment.At the final follow-up,visual acuity showed improvement for 8 patients,and no change for 1 patient.The IOP was high in 3 patients before surgery,but it stabilized after treatment;it was not affected in the other patients.None of the patients had infections,hemorrhage,anterior ischemia,or any other complication.CONCLUSION:This new non-contact wide-field viewing system-assisted SB surgery with 23-gauge intraocular illumination is effective and safe for retinal detachment in SO-filled eyes.

Analysis of Viewing Paintings from the Perspective of Iconography

Distinguished from purely formalistic research methods,iconography pursues the interpretation of the hidden historical and humanistic connotations behind artworks,and is a discipline that combines visual text and content analysis methods.Combining the three stages of iconography proposed by Panofsky,the paper studies Shizeng Chen’s Viewing Paintings from the perspective of iconography,summarizing the formation and change of the images and contents of the artworks in the cultural system and civilization at that time,as well as their implied ideology,and analyzing the hidden spirit of the times and the historical significance behind them,so as to expound their iconographic significance.Through an in-depth discussion at three levels:pre-pictorial iconographic description,iconographic analysis,and iconographic interpretation,the facts and surface contents reproduced in the images,the traditional level of literary,artistic,and cultural knowledge,as well as the interpretation of the potential meanings are revealed.

Integral imaging-based tabletop light field 3D display with large viewing angle

Light field 3D display technology is considered a revolutionary technology to address the critical visual fatigue issues in the existing 3D displays.Tabletop light field 3D display provides a brand-new display form that satisfies multi-user shared viewing and collaborative works,and it is poised to become a potential alternative to the traditional wall and portable display forms.However,a large radial viewing angle and correct radial perspective and parallax are still out of reach for most current tabletop light field 3D displays due to the limited amount of spatial information.To address the viewing angle and perspective issues,a novel integral imaging-based tabletop light field 3D display with a simple flat-panel structure is proposed and developed by applying a compound lens array,two spliced 8K liquid crystal display panels,and a light shaping diffuser screen.The compound lens array is designed to be composed of multiple three-piece compound lens units by employing a reverse design scheme,which greatly extends the radial viewing angle in the case of a limited amount of spatial information and balances other important 3D display parameters.The proposed display has a radial viewing angle of 68.7°in a large display size of 43.5 inches,which is larger than the conventional tabletop light field 3D displays.The radial perspective and parallax are correct,and high-resolution 3D images can be reproduced in large radial viewing positions.We envision that this proposed display opens up possibility for redefining the display forms of consumer electronics.

The Flipping-Free Full-Parallax Tabletop Integral Imaging with Enhanced Viewing Angle Based on Space-Multiplexed Voxel Screen and Compound Lens Array

Tabletop integral imaging display with a more realistic and immersive experience has always been a hot spot in three-dimensional imaging technology,widely used in biomedical imaging and visualization to enhance medical diagnosis.However,the traditional structural characteristics of integral imaging display inevitably introduce the flipping effect outside the effective viewing angle.Here,a full-parallax tabletop integral imaging display without the flipping effect based on space-multiplexed voxel screen and compound lens array is demonstrated,and two holographic functional screens with different parameters are optically designed and fabricated.To eliminate the flipping effect in the reconstruction process,the space-multiplexed voxel screen consisting of a projector array and the holographic functional screen is presented to constrain light beams passing through the corresponding lens.To greatly promote imaging quality within the viewing area,the aspherical structure of the compound lens is optimized to balance the aberrations.It cooperates with the holographic functional screen to modulate the light field spatial distribution.Compared with the simulation results,the distortion rate of the imaging display is reduced to less than 9%from more than 30%.In the experiment,the floating high-quality reconstructed three-dimensional image without the flipping effect can be observed with the correct 3D perception at 96°×96°viewing angle,where 44,100 viewpoints are employed.

高中英语Viewing教学策略探究--以童话教学为例

《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》增加了对“看”(Viewing)这一技能的要求。然而,教师在教学中普遍存在对学生Viewing技能培养低效的问题。本文结合一节童话视听说课的教学案例,探讨如何开展高中英语多模态教学。本研究发现,基于Viewing教学中教师面临的挑战和问题,通过聚焦多模态语篇的文本分析、以解决问题为导向的逆向设计、媒体圈的使用及审辩式思维的培养,可以激发学生的学习兴趣,在帮助学生建构多模态语篇知识和意义的同时促进其思维能力和文化意识的提升。

Study on PAD and flipped Classroom Applied to College English Teaching--Take College English Viewing,Listening and Speaking Ⅰ For Instance

PAD(presentation,assimilation and discussion) and flipped classroom mix the advantages of PAD and flipped classroom,PADand flipped classroom separate the period of a teacher's teaching and students' interaction,allowing students to assimilate the knowl-edge they learned in one week,this teaching mode considers different groups of students.A result of a recent teaching experiment showsthat this teaching mode can allocate class time more efficiently and equally to each student to practise oral English.Students are moreconfident,more willing to participate and show more interest in oral class.

Critique of Viewing, Listening and Speaking Coursebook(New Horizon College English)

This paper is a tentative application of the foreign pedagogical theories into the evaluation of the Chinese mainstream college English textbook Viewing, Listening and Speaking(New Horizon College English, 2ndedition). Targeting the present imperfection, the paper also proposes respective suggestions for the further improvement of the coursebook.

Effect of Television Viewing on Pediatric Obesity

Objective To test the effect of television viewing on pediatric obesity in urban China. Methods Stratified multistage cluster random sampling method was used for subjects selection. Nine thousand three hundred and fifty-six children, as well as their parents, were investigated. Questionnaire survey was used for data collection. Children's weights and heights were measured in the clinic of the investigated kindergartens or schools by trained investigators following the standardized procedure. Results The percentages of children and adolescents who watched television less than 1 h, 1-2 h, 2-3 h and more than 3 h daily were 32.5%, 46.0%, 15.4% and 6.1%, respectively, while the prevalence of obesity was 10.9%, 11.8%, 13.2% and 15.1%, respectively. Each hourly increment of television viewing was associated with 1 %-2% increase in the prevalence of obesity. Conclusions Time spent watching television is directly related to an increase risk of obesity, television viewing time is an independent factor for pediatric obesity.

Comparison of scleral buckling using wide-angle viewing systems and indirect ophthalmoscope for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

AIM：To compare the effects of scleral buckling using wide-angle viewing systems（WAVS） with that using indirect ophthalmoscope for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.METHODS：The study was a retrospective analyses of the medical records of 94 eyes（94 patients） with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.Among them,47 eyes underwent scleral buckling using WAVS with endoiiluminator（Group W）,and 47 eyes underwent scleral buckling using indirect ophthalmoscope（Group I）.Surgical durations,primary success rate,best-corrected visual acuities（BCVA）,delayed subretinal fluid absorptions and surgical complications were compared between the two groups.RESULTS：At baseline,there were no statistical differences between the two groups in patient＇s age（P=0.997）,gender（P=0.853）,symptom duration（P=0.216）,BCVA（P=0.389）,refractive error（P=0.167）,intraocular pressure（P=0.595）,the number of retinal breaks（P=0.832）,the extent of retinal detachment（P =0.246）,subretinal demarcation line（P=0.801）,and macular detachment（P=0.811）.The follow-up period was 12 mo.The surgical durations in Group W（with or without encircling buckling） were significant shorter than those in Group I（P〈0.001 respectively）.The primary success rate was94.27%in Group W,which was similar to that in Group I（92.38%,P=0.931）.The BCVA in Group W was better than that in Group I（P〈0.001） at 1-month follow-up visit.However,there were no significant differences between the two groups at 3-month（P=0.221）,6-month（P =0.674）,and 12-month（P=0.363） follow-up visits respectively.Delayed subretinal fluid absorptions were more common in Group I than in Group W at 1-month（P=0.045） follow-up visit,but there were no significant differences between the two groups at 3-month（P=0.111）,6-month（P =1.000） and 12-month follow-up visits respectively.CONCLUSION：Scleral buckling using WAVS can be an alternative choose for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Benefits of Viewing Nature: A Review of Landscape Health Research

Nowadays,several studies demonstrate that viewing nature has positive effects on human health and well-being.This essay discusses about the essential methods of viewing natural environment and their impacts on human well-being by clarifying four important theoretical models:reducing stress,lowering heart rate,improving outcome of surgery,and increasing attention.In addition,some important research results in this field are taken as examples to introduce research methods.By collecting and organizing existing studies and theories about the relationship between viewing nature and human well-being,the methods of viewing nature can be divided into two parts:viewing nature through specific media(e.g.,through a window,a book,a painting or a videotape)and being with the presence of nature.This study aims to clarify the research significance of viewing nature and find deficiency in this field to maximize the role of landscapes in human health and well-being.

课标多viewing,如何看得清? ——基于对新课标中看技能进入的理解

2017 版高中英语新课标中对语言技能描述中在原来耳熟能详的四大技能听、说、读、写基础上增添了看(viewing)是对新时期语言学习的新要求,也是对语言技能的更明确的诠释。如何将看技能的训练贯穿在教学中是理解贯彻新课标的重点之一。本文就看技能在新课标中的提出和理解做了一定的解释和看法。

基于“Viewing看”技能开展口语教学的实践与思考

在小学英语口语教学中,可以结合新媒体时代的发展特点和多模态语篇材料的丰富资源,开展更有创造性的语言学习活动。倡导学生通过细致读图、合作探究、交流分享等方式大胆进行口语表达,并围绕听、说、看、读、写等语言技能开展形式多样的教学活动,开阔学生视野,激发学生兴趣,养成良好习惯,促进核心素养的提升。

Preventing condensation of objective lens in noncontact wide-angle viewing systems during vitrectomy

AIM： To assess the optimal conditions for preventing condensation of objective lens during vitrectomy with noncontact wide-angle viewing systems（WAVSs）. METHODS： We explored the effectiveness of the coating with ophthalmic viscoelastic device（OVDs） on the corneal surface and the soaking the objective lens in warm-saline for preventing condensation of objective lens. First, to find the optimal soaking time to keep the objective lens warm, we measured the temperature of objective lens every minute after soaking in warm saline. Second, to find optimal distance between cornea and objective lens, which provide as wide a view as possible and less condensation at the same time, we measured the condensation time with different distances. With the obtained optimal soaking time and distance, we explored the effect of coating cornea with OVDs and soaking objective lens in warm saline on condensation time.RESULTS： One and 5 min of soaking in warm saline was most effective for keeping the lens warm enough（45.1℃±2.1℃ for 1 min and 46.4℃±1.0℃ for 5 min, P=0.109）. The mean condensation times for the control group at 1, 3, and 5 mm from corneal surface to objective lens were 1±0.4, 4±1.4, 190±26.1 s, respectively, thus 5 mm was most optimal distance for vitrectomy with WAVSs. For the OVD coating group, the mean condensation times were 1.5±0.3, 13±1.4, and 200±23.9 s at 1, 3, and 5 mm distance and borderline significant compared with control group（P=0.068, 0.051, and 0.063, respectively）. With the 1-minute warm saline soaking group, the mean condensation time were extended to 188±34.4, 416±65.7, and 600±121.3 s at 1, 3, and 5 mm distance and statistically significant compared with control（P=0.043, 0.041 and 0.043, respectively）.CONCLUSION： OVD coating on corneal surface shows no difference on condensation time with control group. However, soaking the objective lens in warm saline revealed statistically significant extension of condensation time compared to control group. Therefore, keeping the objective lens warm with soaking in warm saline is a simple but effective to prevent condensation of objective lens during vitrectomy. The thermodynamics between objective lens and cornea during vitrectomy warrants further investigation.

High Accuracy and Real-Time Gated Viewing Laser Radar

A gated viewing laser radar has an excellent performance in underwater low light level imaging, and it also provides a viable solution to inhibit backscattering. In this paper, a gated viewing imaging system according to the demand for real-time imaging is presented, and then the simulation is used to analyze the performance of the real-time gated viewing system. The range accuracy performance is limited by the slice number, the width of gate, the delay time step, the initial delay time, as well as the system noise and atmospheric turbulence. The simulation results indicate that the highest range accuracy can be achieved when the system works with the optimal parameters. Finally, how to choose the optimal parameters has been researched.

Viewing U. S. Global Strategy with Historical Eyes

Compared with world’s other great powers, the United States deserves to be called a state that has both the desire and capability to rebuild the world. Therefore, its global strategy has become very important , and any nation that has dealings with Washington must take this into consideration. However, it is much debatable whether the United States has a global strategy, and whether a new global strategy

Viewing Japan's Trend from "Koizumi Politics"

The words like "Hashimoto Politics" and "Obuchi Politics" are seldom heard since the 1990s. But changes in political and economic areas demonstrate that the existence of "Koizumi Politics" and its impact can be felt indeed in the past couple of years. It is hard to tell whether Koizumi could successfully promote economic reform and pep up the long-depressed economy. However, Koizumi has launched a

The Effect of Ocular Dominance on Accommodation and Miosis under Binocular Open Viewing Conditions

Background/Aims: We investigated the relationship between ocular dominance and accommodation on the pupils of the dominant eye and the non-dominant eye under binocular open viewing conditions. Methods: Seventeen healthy young volunteers participated in this study. The dominant eye was determined using the hole-in-the-card test. The objective refraction and pupil diameter were measured under binocular open viewing and monocular single viewing conditions using a binocular open auto-refractor, the WAM-5500 (SHIGIYA MACHINERY WORKS LTD., Hiroshima, Japan). The accommodative response was calculated using the objective refraction, and the rate of miosis was calculated using the pupil diameter. These values were then compared between the dominant and the non-dominant eyes. Results: Under binocular open viewing conditions, the accommodative response in the dominant eye was greater than in the non-dominant eye (p = 0.001). In contrast, under monocular single viewing conditions, there were no differences in the accommodative response between the dominant and non-dominant eyes. In both binocular open viewing and monocular single viewing conditions, there were no differences in the miosis ratio between the dominant and non-dominant eyes. Conclusion: These results suggest that the accommodative response under binocular open viewing conditions is influenced by ocular dominance.

Viewing U. S. China Policy from PNTR

After the U.S. House of Representatives approved China’s permanent normaltrade relations(PNTR) bill on May 24by a vote of 237-197, the Senate finallypassed the bill overwhelmingly on September 19 by a vote of 83-15, and PresidentBill Clinton signed it into law on October 10, terminating the U. S. practice of re-viewing China’s "most-favored-nation(MFN)" status on an annual basis in thepast 20 years. It is a great event with profound meanings in China-U. S. relations.

Viewing the American Global Strategy from the Atrocity of NATO

On March 24, 1999, depending on its advanced technology and weapons, theS-led North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO) circumvented the Unit-ed Nations and brazenly used military forces against the Republic of Yugoslavia.The continuous bombing for more than two months has brought unprecedentedcatastrophe to Yugoslavia which used to be called the Garden of Eden. On May8, NATO with the US as leader again violated the UN Charter, internationallaws and the Vienna Diplomatic Convention and flagrantly bombed the