Studies on the management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita-wilt fungus, Fusarium oxysporum disease complex of green gram, Vigna radiata cv ML-1108

Studies were conducted under pot conditions to determine the comparative efficacy ofcarbofuran at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, bavistin at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, neem （Azadirachta indica） seed powder at 50 mg/kg soil, green mould （Trichoderma harzianum） at 50.0 ml/kg soil, rhizobacteria （Pseudomonas fluorescens） at 50.0 ml/kg soil against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita-wilt fungus, Fusarium oxysporum disease complex on green gram, Vigna radiata cv ML-1108. All the treatments significantly improved the growth of the plants as compared carbofuran and A. indica seed powder increased plant growth to untreated inoculated plants. Analysis of data showed that and yield significantly more in comparison to bavistin and P. fluorescens. Carbofuran was highly effective against nematode, bavistin against fungus, A. indica seed powder against both the pathogens and both the bioagents were moderately effective against both the pathogens.

Genetic diversity assessment of a set of introduced mung bean accessions(Vigna radiata L.)

Genetic resources from other countries or regions play an important role in broadening the genetic background of local breeding varieties. Here we describe observations on the adaptability of mung bean germplasm obtained from the United States Department of Agriculture and their genetic diversity assessment using SSR markers. Several accessions were shown to be mixtures,based on their phenotypes for some characters. Most accessions were able to complete their lifecycles when grown in Beijing, China, making them ideal for crossbreeding without day length control. High diversity was revealed by the SSR markers, with an average of 4.2 alleles per locus and a PIC value of 0.650 per locus. STRUCTURE analysis divided the accessions into six groups.There was no obvious trend of accessions forming groups according to their geographical origin,owing mainly to germplasm exchange and an uneven distribution of accessions. The present results indicate that this germplasm would enrich the local gene pool, and provide information for the further use of germplasm in breeding programs.

Arsenic Induced Changes in Growth and Physiological Responses in <i>Vigna radiata</i>Seedling: Effect of Curcumin Interaction

Arsenic is a great hazard to the environment since it is a major source of soil and water contami-nation leading to phytotoxicity. Arsenic caused reduction in seed germination and growth of plants including mung bean (Vigna radiata) causing loss of crop productivity. This investigation evaluates effect of arsenic toxicity in mung bean with an attempt to ameliorate it by the applica-tion of curcumin. Arsenic induced reduction in fresh, dry mass, length of root and shoot and pig-ment content. The result of the present study suggests that curcumin at lower concentration ameliorates arsenic induced toxicity in Vigna radiata.

COLONIZATION OF VIGNA RADIATA ROOTS BY CHROMIUM RESISTANT BACTERIAL STRAINS OF OCHROBACTRUM INTERMEDIUM,BACILLUS CEREUS AND BREVIBACTERIUM SP.

The present study deals with colonization potential of plant growth promoting bacterial strains (Ochrobactrum intermedium, Bacillus cereus and Brevibacterium sp.) on Vigna radiata roots. The roots were heavily colonized with O. intermedium and B. cereus as compared to Brevibacterium sp. O. intermedium mainly colonized rhizoplane while B. cereus occurred both on the rhizoplane and near root zone. O. intermedium and B. cereus were found to be present both on the rhizoplane and near root zone, while Brevibacterium only in the rhizosphere in the form of groups. The cells of B. cereus were found more in the sites where root exudates were existed. From the above results it was observed that the number of O. intermedium cells were large at root exudate site. Fig 2, Tab 1, Ref

Abscisic Acid, One of the Key Determinants of in Vitro Shoot Differentiation from Cotyledons of <i>Vigna radiata</i>

Differential regeneration potentiality of two cotyledons (Cot and Cot E) of Vigna radiata seed during in vitro shoot differentiation is now well established. In the present study, endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) level (both bound and free form) was estimated using high performance liquid chromatography technique from these two explant types prior to the induction of in vitro differentiation. Both free and conjugated forms of endogenous ABA were higher in Cot than Cot E. However, the bound form of ABA was higher than free or active form in both the explants. Effects of an ABA catabolic inhibitor, diniconazole on the endogenous ABA production potential were determined. Diniconazole inhibits ABA 8’-hydroxylase, the catabolizing enzyme, resulting in accumulation of free ABA in the cell. It was noted that diniconazole inhibited bound form of ABA formation in a concentration dependant manner with a concomitant increase in the free form and decrease in shoot differentiation from Cot E explants. Likewise, exogenously applied ABA in in vitro culture also resulted in decrease in shoot regeneration frequency from the cotyledonary explants ascertaining the differential level of endogenous ABA is one of the determinants of differential regeneration response of Cot and Cot E under in vitro cultural condition. Cytokinin antagonized inhibitory effect of ABA mediated by cytokinin responsive proteins, such proteins are up regulated differentially in Cot E has recently shown us through proteomic study confirming further the role of ABA.

Dual inoculation of salt tolerant Bradyrhizobium and Glomus mosseae for improvement of Vigna radiata L. cultivation in saline areas of West Bengal, India

This study is aimed as to evaluate the interaction between salt tolerant Bradyrhizobium sp. and Glomus mosseae in the rhizosphere of legume crop Vigna radiata L. under pot culture and field conditions in different saline zones of West Bengal, India. Bradyrhizobium sp. when inoculated alone showed marked increase in number of nodules, root and shoot length, total plant biomass, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) colonization and population etc. when compared with plants inoculated only with AMF. However, when used in combination, the in oculants showed marked change in the above mentioned parameters over single inoculation of both salt tolerant AM fungi and Bradyrhizobium. These results suggest that AMF along with Bradyrhizobium can greatly help in establishment of V. radiata L. cultivation in the saline soils of West Bengal, India. The increased production of the legume crop could also lead to further benefit of the poor farmers by up lifting their socio-economic conditions with the net profit achieved by cultivating this crop in saline stress condition of West Bengal as a second crop during rabi season.

Titanium nanoparticles attenuates arsenic toxicity by up-regulating expressions of defensive genes in Vigna radiata L

Arsenic(As)-toxicity is recognized as one of the major environmental problems,affecting productivity of crops worldwide,thereby threatening sustainable agriculture and food security.Progression in nanotechnology and its impacts have brought up concerns about the application of engineered nanoparticles(NPs)in various sectors of the economy,including the field of agronomy.Among various NPs,there has been a rising amount of interest regarding the effects of titanium NPs(TiNPs)on plants growth and development,and their fate of abiotic stress tolerance.Hence,the present study was aimed to assess the ameliorative potentialities of chemically and biologically/green synthesized TiNPs to alleviate As-induced toxic responses in Vigna radiata L.The results revealed that exposure to As hindered the growth indices(radicle length and biomass)and membrane integrity,while were improved with the application of chemical and green synthesized TiNPs.In addition,treatment of As provoked the accretion of reactive oxygen species(superoxide and hydrogen peroxide)and malondialdehyde(a lipid per oxidized product),but were diminished by the supplementation of chemical and green manufactured TiNPs.The experimental data also signified that exogenous application of chemical and green synthesized TiNPs conferred tolerance to As-induced oxidative injuries via perking-up the expressions of antioxidant genes and enzyme systems viz;superoxide dismutase and catalase.Therefore,the present study inferred that chemically and green synthesized TiNPs,particularly green manufactured,effectively mitigated the adverse impacts of As by augmenting antioxidant machinery,thereby proving its potentiality in the alleviation of As-toxicity,at least in Vignaradiata L.

Effect of Vigna radiata, Tamarix ramosissima and Carthamus lanatus extracts on Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica: An in vitro study

Objective:Current therapy strategies of leishmaniasis have some problems such as high cost,toxicity and side effects.Plant extracts can be a source of drugs to control leishmaniasis.In this study,the effect of hydroalcoholic and chloroformic extracts of Vigna radiata,Tamarix ramosissima,and Carthamus lanatus on Leishmania major and L.tropica was studied.Methods:The plant samples were collected from west of Iran and their extracts were prepared.Antipromastigote activity assay of all extracts was done using tetrazolium-dye assay.Results:Only high concentrations of V.radiata and C.lanatus were able to inhibit Leishmania,while both high and low concentrations of T.ramosissima had antileishmanial effect.No difference was observed between hydroalcoholic with chloroformic extract of each plant.Conclusion:Altogether,the results revealed the antileishmanial activity of T.ramosissima extracts against L.major and L.tropica,indicating its potential as an antileishmanial agent.

绿豆WRKY基因家族的全基因组鉴定及生物信息学分析

【目的】对绿豆WRKY转录因子在全基因组上进行鉴定及生物信息学分析,为绿豆WRKY基因功能的研究以及高抗绿豆品种培育奠定理论基础。【方法】利用Hmmer软件同源搜索,并通过在线工具SMART、NCBI-CDD和Pfam数据库进行结构域再确认获得79个绿豆WRKY基因,然后通过在线软件ProtParam、ProtScale、SWISS-MODEL分析绿豆WRKY家族蛋白的理化性质、亲疏水性并构建3D立体模型,使用MEGA X、McScanX软件构建进化树和绘制共线性图,利用MEME、PlantCARE在线工具分析WRKY转录因子的保守基序并预测基因上游的顺式作用元件。【结果】鉴定得到的79个VrWRKY蛋白的氨基酸数量为64~746,分子量为7.42~80.93 ku,等电点为4.49~10.41,大多数成员为亲水性不稳定蛋白。系统进化树分析表明,绿豆WRKY基因家族的79个成员可分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ3组,其成员数量分别为16,51和12,Ⅱ组进一步划分为Ⅱ-a、Ⅱ-b、Ⅱ-c、Ⅱ-d和Ⅱ-e 5个亚组,其成员数量依次为2,17,17,7和8,其中Ⅱ-a、Ⅱ-b、Ⅱ-d和Ⅱ-e亲缘关系更近,而Ⅱ-c在进化树上的分布整体更靠近Ⅲ组。基因结构及保守基序分析显示,该家族基因均为间隔基因,且都含有保守基序WRKYGQK。基因染色体定位分析表明,所有成员在11条染色体上均有分布。顺式作用元件分析表明,绿豆WRKY基因启动子区存在丰富的激素及胁迫响应相关的元件。基因组间共线性分析结果表明,绿豆WRKY基因与拟南芥WRKY基因之间存在同源关系。基因复制结果表明,绿豆基因组有1对串联重复基因,15对大片段复制基因,片段复制在绿豆WRKY基因家族扩张中起主要作用。绿豆WRKY蛋白3D结构模拟表明,所有成员具有相似的两种蛋白结构,其中一种立体结构中心含有1个Zn^(2+)。【结论】鉴定得到79个含典型WRKY保守结构域的绿豆WRKY蛋白,其生物信息学分析丰富了绿豆WRKY转录因子的分子生物学理论。

木醋液处理对绿豆萌发及抗蚜作用初步研究

为明确木醋液对绿豆萌发及寄主抗蚜作用的影响,探讨木醋液作为植物生长调节剂和生物源农药的应用潜力,本试验将木醋液原液稀释为500、1000、2000、3000倍和5000倍5个浓度,通过浸种催芽法分析木醋液对绿豆种子萌发和抗氧化指标的影响,同时用不同浓度木醋液浸泡的脱脂棉包裹绿豆苗根部模仿灌根,在培养皿中接种蚜虫,分析蚜虫繁殖力和存活率等抗虫指标。结果表明,5000倍稀释液能显著促进绿豆苗芽和根的生长,处理后7 d,根长和芽长较未处理对照显著增加19.65%和33.74%,500、1000、2000倍稀释液处理的种子其发芽率、发芽势、芽长和根长与未处理对照相比显著降低。经5000倍稀释液浸种和包裹根部的幼苗第二对真叶展开时,叶片中的CAT活性显著增加了11.54%,MDA的含量显著减少了54.19%,蛋白质含量显著增加了14.40%。500倍稀释液处理5 d的蚜虫存活率与对照相比显著降低了33.33%;2000倍稀释液处理后蚜虫7 d内繁殖力显著提高了41.53%;5000倍稀释液对蚜虫存活率、繁殖力无显著影响。综上,较高浓度的木醋液处理的绿豆苗喂食蚜虫可降低蚜虫存活率和繁殖力,但同时也抑制绿豆的萌发和幼苗生长,较低浓度木醋液促进绿豆萌发和幼苗生长,但是对寄主抗蚜性影响不显著。

绿豆醛酮还原酶基因及其响应镉胁迫的分析

基于绿豆基因组注释文件鉴定醛酮还原酶基因(AKRs),并采用生物信息学方法分析了绿豆AKRs基因结构及其编码的蛋白质序列特性;运用转录组和酶学方法分析Cd胁迫下绿豆幼苗根、茎和叶中AKRs基因的表达量和AKR酶活性的变化.结果表明:绿豆基因组含有9个AKRs基因,依次命名为VrAKR1.1~VrAKR1.5、VrAKR2及VrAKA1.1~VrAKA1.3;9个VrAKRs中分别含4~7个内含子和5~7个外显子.9个VrAKRs编码的蛋白质序列中,除VrAKA1.1、VrAKA1.2、VrAKA1.3外,其余VrAKRs均含有8个motif.9个VrAKRs的相对分子量29.1~39.0 kD,等电点pI 5.14~6.81,氨基酸残基数259~346,亲水性系数-0.304~-0.123;9个VrAKRs均含有Aldo_ket_red结构域.表达谱及酶活分析表明,VrAKA1.1、VrAKA1.2、VrAKA1.3基因在绿豆3个组织中均未表达,其余6个AtAKRs基因均表达了,但因组织和生长时间不同而异;根和茎表达量最高的基因均为VrAKR1.5,叶中则是VrAKR2.较对照比,Cd胁迫显著(p<0.05)上调了多数AtAKRs基因的表达水平,并显著(p<0.05)升高了AKR酶活性.综上所述,绿豆幼苗根、茎、叶中VrAKRs基因的表达存在组织特异性;胁迫下AKR酶活的变化受到VrAKRs基因表达程度的影响.表明绿豆幼苗期这些VrAKRs基因在响应Cd胁迫过程中发挥重要作用.

三种豆类植物多肽的制备工艺及其活性研究

通过碱溶酸沉和超声辅助法提取绿豆(Vigna radiata)、刀豆(Canavalia gladiata)和赤小豆(Vigna umbellata)蛋白;通过酶解法制备多肽,对比单、双酶和蛋白酶添加量对多肽的影响,分别选择三种豆类多肽最佳的制备工艺;通过DPPH和ABTS自由基清除实验考察三种豆类多肽的抗氧化能力;通过COX-2抑制率实验考察三种豆类多肽的抗炎能力。结果表明从刀豆、绿豆和赤小豆中提取得到的总蛋白含量分别为89.82%,79.93%和75.76%。通过木瓜蛋白酶(8000 U/g)和中性蛋白酶(8000 U/g)分步水解制得绿豆和赤小豆多肽;通过木瓜蛋白酶(8000 U/g)和酸性蛋白酶(8000 U/g)分步水解得到刀豆多肽。赤小豆、绿豆和刀豆多肽样品中总多肽的含量分别为69.27%,53.31%和51.18%。同时,绿豆、刀豆和赤小豆对DPPH自由基清除的IC50值分别为1.92,0.92和0.60 g/L;对ABTS自由基清除的IC50值分别为0.22,0.20和0.17 g/L,即抗氧化能力强弱依次为赤小豆多肽>刀豆多肽>绿豆多肽。赤小豆、刀豆和绿豆多肽对COX-2均具有良好的抑制效果,在2.0 g/L条件下的COX-2抑制率分别为95.23%,92.65%和64.23%。

绿豆对镉胁迫的生理响应

采用水培法研究了不同镉浓度对绿豆(Vigna radiata L.)生长及生理生化特性的影响。结果表明,随着Cd2+浓度的升高,绿豆幼苗的株高、鲜重均受到显著抑制,幼苗叶片中叶绿素含量降低,而丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均呈上升趋势,可溶性糖含量则呈先上升后下降的变化趋势。这说明Cd胁迫会破坏绿豆的生物膜功能特性,造成氧化胁迫,从而影响绿豆的生长发育。

绿豆抗豆象研究进展

绿豆(Vigna radiata L.)是亚洲重要的经济作物,种质资源丰富,营养价值高,但其产量和品质受豆象的严重影响。因此,培育抗豆象新品种刻不容缓。从绿豆抗豆象种质资源、抗豆象机理研究以及绿豆抗豆象基因的遗传机理和定位等方面综合阐述绿豆抗豆象的研究进展,以期对相关研究提供借鉴。

华北石质山区核桃-绿豆复合系统氘同位素变化及其水分利用

通过对比核桃枝条和绿豆茎内δD值差异来分析核桃和绿豆水分来源和利用。结果表明,核桃-绿豆农林复合系统的根系在表层土壤(0—30cm)中交叉存在,生态位重叠。旱季中表层土壤含水量与δD值之间存在显著的负相关关系(R2=0.77,P=0.02),雨季相关关系不显著(R2=0.03,P=0.73)。δD值分析表明,旱季中核桃利用深层土壤(30—80cm)水分占总水分来源的51%以上,雨季中则主要利用浅层土壤水分,间作绿豆和单作绿豆主要利用表层土壤水分。雨季中表层土壤水分能同时满足核桃和绿豆生长需要,但复合系统中光能竞争导致间作绿豆光合速率显著地低于单作绿豆。旱季间作绿豆0—20cm土壤水分含量、凌晨叶片水势和光合速率明显高于单作绿豆,显示间作绿豆体内水分状况好于单作绿豆。线性模型分析结果显示间作绿豆体内约有1.58%—5.39%的水分来核桃夜晚水力提升,表明复合系统在旱季一定程度上缓冲季节性水分胁迫对农作物生长的影响。

水杨酸对废电池胁迫下绿豆幼苗抗氧化酶活性及生理特性的影响

采用室内有培养土的纸杯培养方法,研究了不同浓度水杨酸(SA)处理对废电池胁迫下,绿豆幼苗抗氧化酶及生理特性的影响。结果表明,废电池胁迫下,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性升高,过氧化物酶(POD)活性降低,光合色素、可溶性蛋白含量下降,脯氨酸和丙二醛(MDA)含量升高,电导率增大,膜稳定性降低,显示出一定的毒害效应;低浓度(≤100mg·L-1)的外源SA处理能够明显增强废电池胁迫下绿豆叶片SOD、POD活性,改善多项指标,但随着SA浓度升高,SOD和POD酶活性逐渐降低。说明低浓度SA能通过刺激抗氧化酶活性,减轻氧化胁迫,缓解废电池对绿豆幼苗的毒害作用,但高浓度SA(≥100mg·L-1)缓解作用降低。

中国绿豆核心种质资源在不同环境下的表型变异及生态适应性评价

明确我国绿豆种质资源在不同生态条件下的表型变异及生态适应性,可有效提高其在遗传育种中的利用效率。本研究分别在北京海淀、河北唐山和河南南阳3个生态环境下开展了绿豆核心种质农艺性状的评价。结果表明,绿豆生长习性、结荚习性受生态环境的影响较大,其中仅39.4%的种质在3个试点均表现直立生长;并非所有直立生长的种质均具有限结荚习性。绿豆核心种质在各试点均能成熟,但生育期、株高、主茎分枝等数量性状在试点间差异较大;不同种质在试点间的变化趋势存在差异,并据此筛选出适宜不同生态区域的优异种质26份,以备当地生产利用。混合线性模型分析表明,不同性状的基因型、环境互作等效应存在差异,其中基因型效应在荚长(0.57)、百粒重(0.51)的变异中占重要比率,环境效应在生育期(0.39)的变异中占较大比例,而剩余效应则是主茎分枝(0.62)、单株荚数(0.53)、单荚粒数(0.70)等性状的重要影响因子。最后根据不同绿豆种质农艺性状对生态条件反应的差异,筛选出综合农艺性状均具一定环境稳定性的种质4份,以供广适性育种利用。

绿豆象成虫对绿豆豆荚挥发物的触角电位和行为反应

【目的】探究对绿豆象Callosobruchus chinensi有引诱作用的植物挥发性物质。【方法】采用触角电位(EAG)仪和Y型嗅觉仪分别测定了绿豆象成虫对绿豆Vigna radiata豆荚挥发物的触角电位和选择行为反应。【结果】EAG测定结果表明,已交配的绿豆象雌虫对23种绿豆豆荚挥发物的EAG反应值存在显著差异,对苯甲醛、2-己烯醛、己醛、辛醛和水杨醛5种醛类化合物的EAG反应值相对较高,其中对2-己烯醛的反应值最大,达20.68;且绿豆象成虫EAG反应值在1~100μg/μL浓度下,均随挥发物浓度的提高而增强,但已交配和未交配绿豆象雌雄成虫的EAG反应值无显著差异。行为试验发现,当5种醛类物质浓度达100μg/μL时,已交配绿豆象雌、雄成虫均对苯甲醛和2-己烯醛有显著正趋性,对己醛有显著负趋性,对辛醛和水杨醛无显著趋性。【结论】绿豆豆荚挥发物中2-己烯醛和苯甲醛与绿豆象偏爱选择密切相关。

绿豆抗豆象基因PCR标记的构建与应用

采用PCR分子标记技术,对16个绿豆品种(系)进行了遗传分析。在选用的56个随机引物中,发现抗豆象品种与感豆象品种间有一定差异。根据聚类分析结果将它们分成抗豆象野生种(TC1966)、抗豆象栽培种(V2709)、抗豆象杂交后代(VC3890A2/TC1966-23)和混合类型4个大组。以绿豆抗豆象和感豆象品种及抗豆象品种×感豆象品种组合的F2群体为试验材料,利用BSA法,对抗(感)豆象品种池和一个组合F2的抗(感)豆象池进行了鉴定,获得一个共显性标记。经F2分析,在抗豆象个体中扩增出约1.79kb的特异片段或2个特异片段(1.79kb/1.03kb);在感豆象个体中仅扩增出约1.03kb的特异片段。初步认为此标记与TC1966的抗豆象基因位点紧密联锁,可用于绿豆抗豆象种质鉴定和遗传育种的分子标记辅助选择。

中国绿豆应用型核心样本农艺性状的分析

为提高种质资源在育种中的利用效率,建立了我国绿豆(Vigna radiata)应用型核心样本。该样本既包括了资源库中具有特异性状的种质和曾经在生产上大面积种植的品种,也包括了在育种中使用频繁的亲本及苗头品系等。农艺性状变异分析表明,该核心样本具有丰富的表型变异,是绿豆种质资源的代表性样本。聚类分析可将核心样本分为4大类,但类别内种质与其地理来源相关性不明显。不同来源表型数据的分析发现,不同性状间的一致性存在差异。但产量相关性状的表现均与当前育种目标相接近,说明该核心样本具有较高的实用性。