Studies were conducted under pot conditions to determine the comparative efficacy ofcarbofuran at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, bavistin at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, neem （Azadirachta indica） seed powder at 50 mg/kg soil, green mould...Studies were conducted under pot conditions to determine the comparative efficacy ofcarbofuran at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, bavistin at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, neem （Azadirachta indica） seed powder at 50 mg/kg soil, green mould （Trichoderma harzianum） at 50.0 ml/kg soil, rhizobacteria （Pseudomonas fluorescens） at 50.0 ml/kg soil against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita-wilt fungus, Fusarium oxysporum disease complex on green gram, Vigna radiata cv ML-1108. All the treatments significantly improved the growth of the plants as compared carbofuran and A. indica seed powder increased plant growth to untreated inoculated plants. Analysis of data showed that and yield significantly more in comparison to bavistin and P. fluorescens. Carbofuran was highly effective against nematode, bavistin against fungus, A. indica seed powder against both the pathogens and both the bioagents were moderately effective against both the pathogens.展开更多
Bruchid beetle(Callosobruchus chinensis) poses a serious threat to the production and storage of mung bean(Vigna radiata). Mapping bruchid resistance(Br) will provide an important basis for cloning the responsible gen...Bruchid beetle(Callosobruchus chinensis) poses a serious threat to the production and storage of mung bean(Vigna radiata). Mapping bruchid resistance(Br) will provide an important basis for cloning the responsible gene(s) and elucidating its functional mechanism, and will also facilitate marker-assisted selection in mung bean breeding. Here, we report the construction of the genetic linkage groups of mung bean and mapping of the Br1 locus using an RIL population derived from a cross between Berken, a bruchid-susceptible line, and ACC41, a bruchid-resistant line. A total of 560 markers were mapped onto 11 linkage groups,with 38.0% of the markers showing distorted segregation. The lengths of the linkage groups ranged from 45.2 to 117.0 c M with a total coverage of 732.9 c M and an average interval of1.3 c M between loci. Br1 was located on LG9 between BM202(0.7 c M) and Vr2-627(1.7 c M).Based on 270 shared SSR markers, most of the linkage groups were assigned to specific chromosomes. These results should further accelerate the genetic study of this crop.展开更多
Sixteen mungbean lines were analyzed using 56 random primers. Different DNA bands were detected between Bruchid resistant lines and susceptible lines. According to the cluster results, the 16 lines can be divided into...Sixteen mungbean lines were analyzed using 56 random primers. Different DNA bands were detected between Bruchid resistant lines and susceptible lines. According to the cluster results, the 16 lines can be divided into four groups, including brucid resistant wild types, resistant cultivated lines, resistant progenies and a mixed group. BSA method was used to identify DNA markers that related with bruchid resistant gene by using resistant line and susceptible line and their F2 progeny. One codominant marker was identified, which generated a fragment of 1.79 kb in resistant lines and 1.03 kb in susceptible lines. Finally, this codominant marker was considered to be tightly linked with bruchid resistant gene and could be useful in resistant germplasm identification and marker-assisted selection.展开更多
Intercropping maize with the prostrate variety of mungbean, Vigna radiata （L.） Wilczek which grows flat along the ground can increase parasitism of the eggs of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis （Guenée...Intercropping maize with the prostrate variety of mungbean, Vigna radiata （L.） Wilczek which grows flat along the ground can increase parasitism of the eggs of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis （Guenée）, a crucial insect pest of maize in China, by Trichogramma ostriniae Pang Chen. This study investigated the behavioural responses of T. ostriniae to plant volatiles emitted from whole plants, leaves, and flowers of prostrate and erect varieties of mungbean in a 4-armed olfactometer. Female parasitiods were significantly attracted to the odours from some varieties of prostrate mungbean when the visit duration and the number of visits were considered, but were not attracted to the odours from any erect varieties. The attractive odours were shown to emanate from the leaves, rather than from the flowers of prostrate mungbean plants. These results have implications for the augmentation of Trichogramma parasitoids in bio-control of O. furnacalis and other crop pests.展开更多
Root-knot nematodes(RKNs;Meloidogyne spp.) are becoming a serious problem in legume production. This study identified Vigna genotypes exhibiting resistance to M. incognita(RKN) and characterized the modes of the resis...Root-knot nematodes(RKNs;Meloidogyne spp.) are becoming a serious problem in legume production. This study identified Vigna genotypes exhibiting resistance to M. incognita(RKN) and characterized the modes of the resistance to M. incognita. In total, 279 accessions from 21 Vigna species were screened for resistance based on a galling index(GI) and an egg mass index(EI). Seven accessions were highly resistant to RKN with GI≤25, namely JP74716(V. mungo var. mungo;cultivated black gram), JP107881(V. nepalensis), JP229392(V. radiata var. sublobata;wild mungbean), Aus TRCF118141(V. unguiculata subsp. unguiculata;cultivated cowpea), Aus TRCF306385(V. unguiculata subsp. unguiculata), Aus TRCF322090(V. vexillata var. vexillata;wild zombi pea) and JP235929(V. vexillata var. vexillata). JP229392 and Aus TRCF322090 were the most resistant accessions having EI values of 18.74 and 1.88, respectively. Continuous culture of M. incognita on both JP229392 and Aus TRCF322090 resulted in a weakness in pathogenic ability for this RKN. The resistance in JP229392 and Aus TRCF322090 to RKN appeared to be antibiosis that was associated with reduced nematode penetration, retardation of nematode development and impeding giant cell formation. The Vigna germplasm resistance to RKN identified in this study could be utilized as gene sources for the development of RKN-resistant Vigna cultivars.展开更多
Powdery mildew, which called Sphaerotheca phaseoli in Latin, is one of the major diseases of mungbean （Vigna radiata L.） worldwide, causing up to 50% yield losses. Most mungbean varieties grown in Thailand are susce...Powdery mildew, which called Sphaerotheca phaseoli in Latin, is one of the major diseases of mungbean （Vigna radiata L.） worldwide, causing up to 50% yield losses. Most mungbean varieties grown in Thailand are susceptible to the disease, therefore, new resistant varieties are highly desirable. Three resistant mungbean lines, V4718, V4758 and V4785, were identified from the AVRDC collection. In this study, the authors compared the resistance levels among these 3 lines and tested the allelic relationship among these resistance genes. Three crosses, V4718 × V4758, V4718 × V4785 and V4758 × V4785, were made and the F1 hybrids were selfed to generate the F2 populations and crossed to a susceptible variety, CN72 to generate the F1 × S populations. In the F1 × S and F2 populations, the resistance segregated in a ratio of 3 Resistant （R）：I Susceptible （S） and 15R：IS, respectively for all three crosses. These results indicate that a single dominant gene confers resistance to powdery mildew in each resistant line and these resistance genes are non-allelic. The authors are currently transferring these resistance genes into commercial varieties to provide durable resistance to powdery mildew.展开更多
Arsenic(As)-toxicity is recognized as one of the major environmental problems,affecting productivity of crops worldwide,thereby threatening sustainable agriculture and food security.Progression in nanotechnology and i...Arsenic(As)-toxicity is recognized as one of the major environmental problems,affecting productivity of crops worldwide,thereby threatening sustainable agriculture and food security.Progression in nanotechnology and its impacts have brought up concerns about the application of engineered nanoparticles(NPs)in various sectors of the economy,including the field of agronomy.Among various NPs,there has been a rising amount of interest regarding the effects of titanium NPs(TiNPs)on plants growth and development,and their fate of abiotic stress tolerance.Hence,the present study was aimed to assess the ameliorative potentialities of chemically and biologically/green synthesized TiNPs to alleviate As-induced toxic responses in Vigna radiata L.The results revealed that exposure to As hindered the growth indices(radicle length and biomass)and membrane integrity,while were improved with the application of chemical and green synthesized TiNPs.In addition,treatment of As provoked the accretion of reactive oxygen species(superoxide and hydrogen peroxide)and malondialdehyde(a lipid per oxidized product),but were diminished by the supplementation of chemical and green manufactured TiNPs.The experimental data also signified that exogenous application of chemical and green synthesized TiNPs conferred tolerance to As-induced oxidative injuries via perking-up the expressions of antioxidant genes and enzyme systems viz;superoxide dismutase and catalase.Therefore,the present study inferred that chemically and green synthesized TiNPs,particularly green manufactured,effectively mitigated the adverse impacts of As by augmenting antioxidant machinery,thereby proving its potentiality in the alleviation of As-toxicity,at least in Vignaradiata L.展开更多
Objective:Current therapy strategies of leishmaniasis have some problems such as high cost,toxicity and side effects.Plant extracts can be a source of drugs to control leishmaniasis.In this study,the effect of hydroal...Objective:Current therapy strategies of leishmaniasis have some problems such as high cost,toxicity and side effects.Plant extracts can be a source of drugs to control leishmaniasis.In this study,the effect of hydroalcoholic and chloroformic extracts of Vigna radiata,Tamarix ramosissima,and Carthamus lanatus on Leishmania major and L.tropica was studied.Methods:The plant samples were collected from west of Iran and their extracts were prepared.Antipromastigote activity assay of all extracts was done using tetrazolium-dye assay.Results:Only high concentrations of V.radiata and C.lanatus were able to inhibit Leishmania,while both high and low concentrations of T.ramosissima had antileishmanial effect.No difference was observed between hydroalcoholic with chloroformic extract of each plant.Conclusion:Altogether,the results revealed the antileishmanial activity of T.ramosissima extracts against L.major and L.tropica,indicating its potential as an antileishmanial agent.展开更多
文摘Studies were conducted under pot conditions to determine the comparative efficacy ofcarbofuran at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, bavistin at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, neem （Azadirachta indica） seed powder at 50 mg/kg soil, green mould （Trichoderma harzianum） at 50.0 ml/kg soil, rhizobacteria （Pseudomonas fluorescens） at 50.0 ml/kg soil against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita-wilt fungus, Fusarium oxysporum disease complex on green gram, Vigna radiata cv ML-1108. All the treatments significantly improved the growth of the plants as compared carbofuran and A. indica seed powder increased plant growth to untreated inoculated plants. Analysis of data showed that and yield significantly more in comparison to bavistin and P. fluorescens. Carbofuran was highly effective against nematode, bavistin against fungus, A. indica seed powder against both the pathogens and both the bioagents were moderately effective against both the pathogens.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30871565, 31571737)the China Agriculture Research System (No. CARS-09)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP) of CAAS
文摘Bruchid beetle(Callosobruchus chinensis) poses a serious threat to the production and storage of mung bean(Vigna radiata). Mapping bruchid resistance(Br) will provide an important basis for cloning the responsible gene(s) and elucidating its functional mechanism, and will also facilitate marker-assisted selection in mung bean breeding. Here, we report the construction of the genetic linkage groups of mung bean and mapping of the Br1 locus using an RIL population derived from a cross between Berken, a bruchid-susceptible line, and ACC41, a bruchid-resistant line. A total of 560 markers were mapped onto 11 linkage groups,with 38.0% of the markers showing distorted segregation. The lengths of the linkage groups ranged from 45.2 to 117.0 c M with a total coverage of 732.9 c M and an average interval of1.3 c M between loci. Br1 was located on LG9 between BM202(0.7 c M) and Vr2-627(1.7 c M).Based on 270 shared SSR markers, most of the linkage groups were assigned to specific chromosomes. These results should further accelerate the genetic study of this crop.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30170635).
文摘Sixteen mungbean lines were analyzed using 56 random primers. Different DNA bands were detected between Bruchid resistant lines and susceptible lines. According to the cluster results, the 16 lines can be divided into four groups, including brucid resistant wild types, resistant cultivated lines, resistant progenies and a mixed group. BSA method was used to identify DNA markers that related with bruchid resistant gene by using resistant line and susceptible line and their F2 progeny. One codominant marker was identified, which generated a fragment of 1.79 kb in resistant lines and 1.03 kb in susceptible lines. Finally, this codominant marker was considered to be tightly linked with bruchid resistant gene and could be useful in resistant germplasm identification and marker-assisted selection.
基金supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China (39770513)the Coop-erative Research Project between the National Crop Ex-periment Station, Rural Development Administration,Republic of Korea and the Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
文摘Intercropping maize with the prostrate variety of mungbean, Vigna radiata （L.） Wilczek which grows flat along the ground can increase parasitism of the eggs of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis （Guenée）, a crucial insect pest of maize in China, by Trichogramma ostriniae Pang Chen. This study investigated the behavioural responses of T. ostriniae to plant volatiles emitted from whole plants, leaves, and flowers of prostrate and erect varieties of mungbean in a 4-armed olfactometer. Female parasitiods were significantly attracted to the odours from some varieties of prostrate mungbean when the visit duration and the number of visits were considered, but were not attracted to the odours from any erect varieties. The attractive odours were shown to emanate from the leaves, rather than from the flowers of prostrate mungbean plants. These results have implications for the augmentation of Trichogramma parasitoids in bio-control of O. furnacalis and other crop pests.
基金supported by the Thailand Research Fund,Thailand (MRG6080274)。
文摘Root-knot nematodes(RKNs;Meloidogyne spp.) are becoming a serious problem in legume production. This study identified Vigna genotypes exhibiting resistance to M. incognita(RKN) and characterized the modes of the resistance to M. incognita. In total, 279 accessions from 21 Vigna species were screened for resistance based on a galling index(GI) and an egg mass index(EI). Seven accessions were highly resistant to RKN with GI≤25, namely JP74716(V. mungo var. mungo;cultivated black gram), JP107881(V. nepalensis), JP229392(V. radiata var. sublobata;wild mungbean), Aus TRCF118141(V. unguiculata subsp. unguiculata;cultivated cowpea), Aus TRCF306385(V. unguiculata subsp. unguiculata), Aus TRCF322090(V. vexillata var. vexillata;wild zombi pea) and JP235929(V. vexillata var. vexillata). JP229392 and Aus TRCF322090 were the most resistant accessions having EI values of 18.74 and 1.88, respectively. Continuous culture of M. incognita on both JP229392 and Aus TRCF322090 resulted in a weakness in pathogenic ability for this RKN. The resistance in JP229392 and Aus TRCF322090 to RKN appeared to be antibiosis that was associated with reduced nematode penetration, retardation of nematode development and impeding giant cell formation. The Vigna germplasm resistance to RKN identified in this study could be utilized as gene sources for the development of RKN-resistant Vigna cultivars.
文摘Powdery mildew, which called Sphaerotheca phaseoli in Latin, is one of the major diseases of mungbean （Vigna radiata L.） worldwide, causing up to 50% yield losses. Most mungbean varieties grown in Thailand are susceptible to the disease, therefore, new resistant varieties are highly desirable. Three resistant mungbean lines, V4718, V4758 and V4785, were identified from the AVRDC collection. In this study, the authors compared the resistance levels among these 3 lines and tested the allelic relationship among these resistance genes. Three crosses, V4718 × V4758, V4718 × V4785 and V4758 × V4785, were made and the F1 hybrids were selfed to generate the F2 populations and crossed to a susceptible variety, CN72 to generate the F1 × S populations. In the F1 × S and F2 populations, the resistance segregated in a ratio of 3 Resistant （R）：I Susceptible （S） and 15R：IS, respectively for all three crosses. These results indicate that a single dominant gene confers resistance to powdery mildew in each resistant line and these resistance genes are non-allelic. The authors are currently transferring these resistance genes into commercial varieties to provide durable resistance to powdery mildew.
基金University Grant Commission,New Delhi,and Defense Research and Development Organization,New Delhi for providing funding and research facilities for this studyDepartment of Science and Technology,New Delhi,for financial support through DST-FIST scheme,to the School of Studies in Biotechnology。
文摘Arsenic(As)-toxicity is recognized as one of the major environmental problems,affecting productivity of crops worldwide,thereby threatening sustainable agriculture and food security.Progression in nanotechnology and its impacts have brought up concerns about the application of engineered nanoparticles(NPs)in various sectors of the economy,including the field of agronomy.Among various NPs,there has been a rising amount of interest regarding the effects of titanium NPs(TiNPs)on plants growth and development,and their fate of abiotic stress tolerance.Hence,the present study was aimed to assess the ameliorative potentialities of chemically and biologically/green synthesized TiNPs to alleviate As-induced toxic responses in Vigna radiata L.The results revealed that exposure to As hindered the growth indices(radicle length and biomass)and membrane integrity,while were improved with the application of chemical and green synthesized TiNPs.In addition,treatment of As provoked the accretion of reactive oxygen species(superoxide and hydrogen peroxide)and malondialdehyde(a lipid per oxidized product),but were diminished by the supplementation of chemical and green manufactured TiNPs.The experimental data also signified that exogenous application of chemical and green synthesized TiNPs conferred tolerance to As-induced oxidative injuries via perking-up the expressions of antioxidant genes and enzyme systems viz;superoxide dismutase and catalase.Therefore,the present study inferred that chemically and green synthesized TiNPs,particularly green manufactured,effectively mitigated the adverse impacts of As by augmenting antioxidant machinery,thereby proving its potentiality in the alleviation of As-toxicity,at least in Vignaradiata L.
基金supported by Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences(Funding No:97318)。
文摘Objective:Current therapy strategies of leishmaniasis have some problems such as high cost,toxicity and side effects.Plant extracts can be a source of drugs to control leishmaniasis.In this study,the effect of hydroalcoholic and chloroformic extracts of Vigna radiata,Tamarix ramosissima,and Carthamus lanatus on Leishmania major and L.tropica was studied.Methods:The plant samples were collected from west of Iran and their extracts were prepared.Antipromastigote activity assay of all extracts was done using tetrazolium-dye assay.Results:Only high concentrations of V.radiata and C.lanatus were able to inhibit Leishmania,while both high and low concentrations of T.ramosissima had antileishmanial effect.No difference was observed between hydroalcoholic with chloroformic extract of each plant.Conclusion:Altogether,the results revealed the antileishmanial activity of T.ramosissima extracts against L.major and L.tropica,indicating its potential as an antileishmanial agent.
