Traditional Village Planning under the Theory of Actor Network:A Case Study of Village Planning in the Jingmai Mountain, Pu’er,Yunnan Province

Rural revitalization strategy is an important topic in China.As an important platform for the implementation of the strategy,the preparation of village planning for traditional villages is conducive to coordinating the contradiction between protection and development,and promoting the sustainable development of traditional villages.The traditional villages of the Jingmai Mountain in Pu’er,Yunnan Province are taken as the research objects.The first-hand data are obtained through interviews and field research,and Actor-Network model is used to analyze the actors’ goal and obstacle in preparation of village planning,which better reflects the interests of different actors in village planning process.At the same time,the action path of planning is interpreted through the process of problematisation,interessement,enrolmen,mobislisation and dissidence.In the preparation of village planning for traditional villages,key elements should be paid attention to,such as bridging the cognitive gap,building consensus,setting up participation platform and formulating relevant policy guarantee mechanism,etc.

Reflections on Village Planning Path from the Perspective of Participatory Planning

In this study,through village planning practice,we sorted out relevant theories and research foundations,constructed and optimized the participatory planning path of villages,and proposed institutional conditions for upgrading the main status of villagers.It is recommended to understand the working mode of villages,improve the participation ability of villagers,improve the expression of planning,strengthen the planning feedback link,and truly improve the villagers’participation awareness and ability on the basis of legislative authorization and government empowerment.

Village Planning and Design from the Perspective of Beautiful Countryside and Traditional Villages:A Case Study of Qiaotou Village

Based on the present situation of traditional village protection and some issues in the process of promoting beautiful countryside construction in China,the historical and cultural value of Qiaotou Village in Shangxian Township,Jishui County and problems existing in the protection and development of Qiaotou Village are analyzed on the basis of investigation and planning practice,in order to put forward constructive suggestions for the protection of traditional villages in beautiful countryside construction.

Thoughts on the Village Planning in the Context of Land Spatial Planning:A Case Study of Wentang Village,Yichun City,Jiangxi Province

Village planning is an important part of land spatial planning and an important measure to implement rural strategy.At present,the preparation of village planning is not complete,and the establishment of technical guidelines is not systematic.Therefore,the course of the development of domestic village planning and the common problems are analyzed.Taking Wentang Village,Yichun City,Jiangxi Province as an example,this paper considers the contents of land use,industrial development,residential layout,ecological environment renovation and historical and cultural inheritance from the perspective of multi-plan integration.This paper discusses the establishment method of the new round of village planning,and puts forward the safeguard measures for the implementation of the planning,so as to provide reference for the establishment of the new round of village planning.

Compilation of Village Planning Schemes in the Context of Rapid Structural Change:A Case Study on the Practice of Zhejiang Province

In Zhejiang Province, in a context of villages undergoing rapid structural change in terms of population, employment, and residents' demands, the village planning is featured by being based on more detailed regulations and presented through more diversified planning schemes. It aims at optimizing the urban-rural spatial structure by reshaping the layout of rural settlements, improving the rural industries by enhancing the studies on industrial development, catering to the villagers' needs by exploring effective approaches to the equalization of public services, and promoting the eff iciency of village planning implementation by developing effective measures. Taking the practice of Zhejiang Province as an example, this paper tries to summarize the features of the village planning scheme compilation in the context of rapid structural change and to explore the possible approaches to a coordinated urban and rural development.

A Study on Rural Social Network and Village Planning Paradigm in China

Current village planning in China, which mostly draws on the experience from urban planning, is a rational planning model based on elite decision-making, resulting in many problems. Essentially, planning is a kind of institutional arrangement according to the demands of multiple actors under certain social context. Since actors and their behaviors in villages are far different from those in cities, leading to the reorganization of planning assumptions and prerequisites, village planning paradigms are prominently distinct from urban planning paradigms. This paper figures out the significance of social networks and argues that village planning is a kind of communicative planning based on endogenous order, referring to the paradigm development course of Western urban planning theories and the features of Chinese villages. In conclusion, it stresses that village planning should focus on social network and promote communication, coordination, and consensus-building, and accordingly planners should adjust their role.

Rural Revitalization Planning under the Territorial Spatial Planning System

With the rapid development of China’s social economy,village planning is increasingly important.Departments should fully draw up practical village plan“integrating various plans”.In the context of“rural revitalization”,how to better promote“rural revitalization”and realize the concept that“lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets”is a difficult problem in front of everyone.After many years of pilot of“integrating various plans”,“five levels,three categories and four systems”have been formed,but the territorial spatial planning in the new era under the construction of ecological civilization still faces many problems and challenges.In this paper,the practical village planning of“integrating various plans”under the background of territorial spatial planning was analyzed,aiming to establish and improve a complete rural spatial system and provide an effective scheme for rural governance mechanism by analyzing and refining the key points of rural planning.

GIS-based Village Layout Planning in Towns: A Case Study of Fengyang Town, Fenxi County, Jiangxi Province

Village layout planning is a fundamental work in the construction of beautiful countryside, and also a global work involving vital interests of vast farmers. Taking Fengyang Town of Fenxi County, Jiangxi Province for example, this paper applied Arc GIS to analyze natural facors, social economy, and construction factors quantitatively by evaluating development and construction conditions of each village comprehensively from the perspective of urban-rural integration. Classifying the villages into 4 types, namely urban reform type, concentrated development type, controlled construction type and relocation type, this paper tried to guide the scattered rural settlements to the intensive development.

Exploration and Reflection on the Village and Town Planning of Chengdu in the Context of Urban-Rural Coordination

This article starts from analyzing existing problems in China's village and town planning, and moves on to look at Chengdu's village and town planning from such aspects as institution management, compilation methods, and implementation mechanism in the context of urban-rural coordination in recent years. In doing so, the article aims to uncover the characteristics and modes of Chengdu's practices and their implications for future village and town planning.

A strategy of the rural governance for territorial spatial planning in China

Rural spatial governance has become an important part of the spatial governance system under the unified management of urban and rural spaces.In-depth theoretical and practical research on rural spatial governance in terms of promoting national spatial planning can help improve the planning and regulation system of rural space.Beginning with a description of rural spatial governance,this paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework of rural spatial governance based on the comprehensive perspective of spatial governance.The study also discusses the internal processes and feasible paths of rural spatial governance in territorial spatial planning and outlines the theoretical and practical research for enhancing rural spatial governance.The conclusions are as follows:(1)Rural spatial governance starts with the coordination theory of human-land relationships in the rural regional system.Through planning and negotiation,governance has effective regulation of rural space and allocates spatial rights in an orderly manner.Rural spatial governance highlights the comprehensive governance processes that combine"top-down"and"bottom-up"participation by multiple subjects.(2)Through the"action-efficiency-target"system,the comprehensive governance analysis framework of"matter-organization-ownership"in rural space provides an effective scheme for constructing rural spatial governance.Rural spatial governance is characterized by both rigidity and flexibility,the interaction between physical space and spatial relationships,and the superposition of spatial ownership and spatial organization.(3)The rural spatial governance features of interconnecting various scales(regional–village–plot)are conducive to improving the rural spatial governance system.(4)The governance means,participation modes,and value-sharing mechanisms of rural spatial governance help enrich the territorial spatial planning system,promote the integration of multiple regulations,refine the regulation of land use,and ensure good rural governance and ecological governance.

Change and Continuity:Chinese Villages in Transition(Ⅱ)——Panyang Village

This is the second in a series of four articles that ethnographically explores instances of village transformation in peri-urban China. Each article presents an in-depth case study of a single village and its unique combination of change and continuity. Together, these case studies demonstrate the specifi city and idiosyncrasy of village transformation and the need for planners to "take actions that suit local conditions"(yindi zhiyi). This installment investigates Panyang Village, located in the Xiangcheng District of Suzhou Municipality. The municipality has used a portion of Panyang's land for an industrial development zone, and the remainder of the village has been turned into relocation housing for displaced villagers. This has resulted in profound economic and socio-spatial transformation, but Panyang has not been allowed to fully urbanize. For instance, both the village and its residents are still administratively rural, and the municipality has imposed building codes that preserve the village's existing housing typology. The tension between economic transformation and socio-spatial conservation has led to unforeseen consequences, including a diffuse, de-centered morphology; increasing disinvestment on the part of registered villagers; and new development initiatives by migrant workers.

Change and Continuity:Chinese Villages in Transition (I)–Longmei Village

This is the first in a series of four articles ethnographically exploring instances of village transformation in peri-urban China.Each article presents an in-depth case study of a single village and its unique combination of change and continuity.Together,these case studies demonstrate the specificity and idiosyncrasy of village transformation and the need for planners to"take actions that suit local conditions"(yindi zhiyi).This first installment investigates Longmei Village in the Panyu District of Guangzhou Municipality.Longmei’s leaders have encouraged economic transformation through industrialization and real estate development while seeking to maintain the village’s socio-spatial continuity.These competing priorities have led to contradictions in Longmei’s development,as integration into economic networks brings new people,goods,and ideas to the village.This tension has intensified as both registered villagers and migrant workers have pursued divergent visions for Longmei’s future transformation.

Change and Continuity:Chinese Villages in Transition(III)–Hailong Village

This is the third in a series of four articles ethnographically exploring instances of village transformation in peri-urban China. Each article presents an in-depth case study of a single village and its unique combination of change and continuity. Together,these case studies demonstrate the specifi city and idiosyncrasy of village transformation and the need for planners to "take actions that suit local conditions"(yindi zhiyi). This installment investigates Hailong Village in the Jiulongpo District of Chongqing. Hailong's leaders have encouraged economic transformation through the conversion of agricultural land to industrial uses,while seeking to maintain the continuity of the village's political institutions. Meanwhile,villagers have responded to rapid change by seeking to preserve the continuity of family and community networks of mutual support embedded in the sociospatial fabric of their natural villages. The tension between change and continuity has led to contradictions in Hailong's development,and the village has experienced increasing fragmentation and unsustainable land use intensification. A subsequent planning initiative has sought to balance the desire for economic growth with the need to maintain Hailong's rurality by steering the village toward agro-tourism and real estate development. As Hailong moves down this path,it is unclear how much longer its socio-spatial identity as a village can be maintained.

Change and Continuity:Chinese Villages in Transition(Ⅳ)–Wanmin Village

This is the final installment in a series of four articles ethnographically exploring instances of village transformation in peri-urban China. Each article presents an in-depth case study of a single village and its unique combination of change and continuity. Together, these case studies demonstrate the specificity and idiosyncrasy of village transformation and the need for planners to "take actions that suit local conditions"(yin di zhi yi). This installment investigates Wanmin Village, in Pujiang County, Chengdu. Wanmin has yet to experience dramatic urban transformation, and it is currently undergoing a planning process in order to prepare for such change. This article thus takes a forward-looking approach, seeking to demonstrate how the ethnographic insights from this series can be employed to develop actionable planning recommendations for other transforming villages in China. In investigating Wanmin, I identify three main dimensions along which change and continuity are in tension:development versus conservation, concentration versus dispersal, and socio-spatial mobility versus investments in fixed land resources. I then propose four potential strategies for resolving these tensions:economic diversification, transportation, adaptive re-use, and cooperative governance. I conclude by considering how an ethnographic approach might be implemented in other instances of village transformation in China.

The Participation Role of Villagers in Village Plan Implementation: A Comparative Study on Two Villages in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China

China is in a process of rapid urbanization. Meanwhile, building development in rural areas is also accelerating. The paper intends to illustrate an original study focusing on villagers' role in participation in village plan implementation in rural areas of China. Case studies, comparative studies, interviews, and questionnaires have been applied to reveal the mechanism of villager participation in village plan imple-mentation. Two case villages, which are pioneer units in the transition in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, have been selected. The study outcome shows that the villager participation plays an extremely important role in implementing the official village plan. The ideal development regulation mode in village planning in rural China should be a local government-villager cooperating system formed by three pillars: financial and technical supports from local governments; the participation of rural autonomous organizations, non-governmental organizations, and "able persons" in formulation, implementation, and monitoring of official village plans; village construction teams like developers.

A Village’s Five-Year Plan

A tiny village in north China has discovered its potential by drafting a development plan For the residents of Chaicheng Village in north China’s Shanxi Province,September 8 this year marked the beginning of the harvest season.As the long

农村宅基地改革需求下的大农业地区村庄规划方法研究——以哈尔滨为例

Farmers'homesteads reform is an important measure to improve land use efficiency and achieve high-quality development of villages.And village planning under the background of territorial and spatial planning is one of the important ways to implement this measure.In Harbin,the large-scale agricultural development is an obvious characteristic of its rural areas.With the rapid agricultural modernization and industrialization of Harbin,the rural population is constantly migrating with a large amount of rural land is left idle,and the phenomenon of“hollow village”in rural areas gets increasingly serious.Therefore,it is urgent to carry out the reform of the homestead system to integrate resources and promote the land use efficiency.Responding to the characteristic of rural development in Harbin,this paper suggests to implement the homestead reform through village planning.Balancing the benefits of the country,the collectives,and farmers,it proposes to restrict the size of homestead through the control method with two planning lines,i.e.,the homestead control line of the village and the single-family homestead control line.What's more,the paper also suggests to replan the saved land and explore multiple ways of land use in large-scale agricultural areas.