试验旨在探究Wnt/β-catenin通路激动剂-Li Cl对3T3-L1细胞Villin 2表达的影响,明确Villin 2在脂肪生成中是否与Wnt/β-catenin信号通路相关。培养3T3-L1细胞,分别设置对照组和20 m M Li Cl处理组,油红O染色观察3T3-L1细胞分化的形态变...试验旨在探究Wnt/β-catenin通路激动剂-Li Cl对3T3-L1细胞Villin 2表达的影响,明确Villin 2在脂肪生成中是否与Wnt/β-catenin信号通路相关。培养3T3-L1细胞,分别设置对照组和20 m M Li Cl处理组,油红O染色观察3T3-L1细胞分化的形态变化;荧光定量(PCR)检测Villin 2 mRNA水平的变化。结果表明:20 m M Li Cl处理组相对于对照组显著抑制3T3-L1细胞分化;在3T3-L1细胞分化过程中和完全分化后20 m M Li Cl处理组的Villin 2 mRNA相对表达量都显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。因此,20 m M Li Cl能在3T3-L1细胞中成功激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路,Villin 2在3T3-L1细胞分化过程中和完全分化后都是作为一个下调基因起抑制脂肪生成的作用,并且Villin 2与Wnt/β-catenin信号通路相关。展开更多
Villin(VLN)is considered to be one of the most important actin-binding proteins,participates in modulating the actin cytoskeleton dynamics,plays essential role in plant development and resisting adverse environments.H...Villin(VLN)is considered to be one of the most important actin-binding proteins,participates in modulating the actin cytoskeleton dynamics,plays essential role in plant development and resisting adverse environments.However,systematic studies of the VLN gene family have not been reported in cotton(Gossypium).In this study,14 GhVLNs were identified in G.hirsutum.These GhVLN genes were distributed in 6 A-subgenome chromosomes and 6 D-subgenome chromosomes of the allotetraploid upland cotton and classified into three phylogenetical groups based on the classification model of AtVLNs.In addition,the 14 GhVLN genes have highly conserved gene structure and motif architecture.The number of introns was ranged from 18 to 22 and the length of protein sequences was varied from 901 to 1077.Six gelsolin homology domains,G1–G6,and villin headpiece domain,VHP,were existed in all GhVLNs with the exception of two VLNs(GhVLN6 and GhVLN13)which lacked VHP.Cis-elements analysis revealed that the promoter regions of GhVLNs contained various light related components and also elements responsible for phytohormones and stresses response,indicating that,when subjected to those adverse environments,cotton plants may activate the response system by targeting VLN genes to survive the crisis.Heatmaps showed that the GhVLN genes exhibited various expression patterns,some were accumulated in certain tissues,root,petal,stamen or elongating fibers,and some were obviously induced by environmental changes.Especially GhVLN3 and GhVLN10 were highly and preferentially expressed in elongating fibers and distinctly upregulated by abiotic(salt,PEG,cold and heat)and biotic(Verticillium dahliae V991)stresses.This study may provide useful information for biological function identification of GhVLN genes and gene resources for creating high-quality and various resistant cotton germplasms.展开更多
Regulation of actin dynamics is a central theme in cell biology that is important for different aspects of cell physiology. Villin, a member of the villin/gelsolin/fragmin superfamily of proteins, is an important regu...Regulation of actin dynamics is a central theme in cell biology that is important for different aspects of cell physiology. Villin, a member of the villin/gelsolin/fragmin superfamily of proteins, is an important regulator of actin. Villins contain six gelsolin homology domains （G1-G6） and an extra headpiece domain. In contrast to their mammalian counterparts, plant villins are expressed widely, implying that plant villins play a more general role in regulating actin dynamics. Some plant villins have a defined role in modifying actin dynamics in the pollentube; most of their in vivo activities remain to be ascertained. Recently, our understanding of the functions and mechanisms of action for plant villins has progressed rapidly, primarily due to the advent of Arabidopsis thaliana genetic approaches and imaging capabilities that can visualize actin dynamics at the single filament level in vitro and in living plant cells. In this review, we focus on discussing the biochemical activities and modes of regulation of plant villins. Here, we present current understand- ing of the functions of plant villins. Finally, we highlight some of the key unanswered questions regarding the functions and regulation of plant villins for future research.展开更多
The villin/gelsolin/fragmin superfamily is a conserved Ca^2＋-dependent family of actin-regulating proteins that is widely present both in mammalian and non-mammalian organisms. They have traditionally been characteri...The villin/gelsolin/fragmin superfamily is a conserved Ca^2＋-dependent family of actin-regulating proteins that is widely present both in mammalian and non-mammalian organisms. They have traditionally been characterized by the same core of three or six tandem gelsolin subdomains. The study in vertebrates and lower eukaryotic cells has revealed that the villin/gelsolin/fragmin superfamily of proteins has versatile functions including severing, capping, nucleating or bundling actin filaments. In plants, encouraging progress has been made in this field of research in recent years. This review will summarize the identified plant homologs of villin/gelsolin/fragmin superfamily, thus providing a basis for reflection on their biochemical activities and functions in plants.展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC) is one of the leading causes of cancerrelated mortality worldwide.Cancer stem cells(CSCs),which were first identified in acute myeloid leukemia and subsequently in a large array of solid tumors,play...Gastric cancer(GC) is one of the leading causes of cancerrelated mortality worldwide.Cancer stem cells(CSCs),which were first identified in acute myeloid leukemia and subsequently in a large array of solid tumors,play important roles in cancer initiation,dissemination and recurrence.CSCs are often transformed tissue-specific stem cells or de-differentiated transit amplifying progenitor cells.Several populations of multipotent gastric stem cells(GSCs) that reside in the stomach have been determined to regulate physiological tissue renewal and injury repair.These populations include the Villin+ and Lgr5+ GSCs in the antrum,the Troy+ chief cells in the corpus,and the Sox2+ GSCs that are found in both the antrum and the corpus.The disruption of tumor suppressors in Villin+ or Lgr5+ GSCs leads to GC in mouse models.In addition to residing GSCs,bone marrow-derived cells can initiate GC in a mouse model of chronic Helicobacter infection.Furthermore,expression of the cell surface markers CD133 or CD44 defines gastric CSCs in mouse models and in human primary GC tissues and cell lines.Targeted elimination of CSCs effectively reduces tumor size and grade in mouse models.In summary,the recent identification of normal GSCs and gastric CSCs has greatly improved our understanding of the molecular and cellular etiology of GC and will aid in the development of effective therapies to treat patients.展开更多
文摘试验旨在探究Wnt/β-catenin通路激动剂-Li Cl对3T3-L1细胞Villin 2表达的影响,明确Villin 2在脂肪生成中是否与Wnt/β-catenin信号通路相关。培养3T3-L1细胞,分别设置对照组和20 m M Li Cl处理组,油红O染色观察3T3-L1细胞分化的形态变化;荧光定量(PCR)检测Villin 2 mRNA水平的变化。结果表明:20 m M Li Cl处理组相对于对照组显著抑制3T3-L1细胞分化;在3T3-L1细胞分化过程中和完全分化后20 m M Li Cl处理组的Villin 2 mRNA相对表达量都显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。因此,20 m M Li Cl能在3T3-L1细胞中成功激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路,Villin 2在3T3-L1细胞分化过程中和完全分化后都是作为一个下调基因起抑制脂肪生成的作用,并且Villin 2与Wnt/β-catenin信号通路相关。
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31801408)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BK20180517).
文摘Villin(VLN)is considered to be one of the most important actin-binding proteins,participates in modulating the actin cytoskeleton dynamics,plays essential role in plant development and resisting adverse environments.However,systematic studies of the VLN gene family have not been reported in cotton(Gossypium).In this study,14 GhVLNs were identified in G.hirsutum.These GhVLN genes were distributed in 6 A-subgenome chromosomes and 6 D-subgenome chromosomes of the allotetraploid upland cotton and classified into three phylogenetical groups based on the classification model of AtVLNs.In addition,the 14 GhVLN genes have highly conserved gene structure and motif architecture.The number of introns was ranged from 18 to 22 and the length of protein sequences was varied from 901 to 1077.Six gelsolin homology domains,G1–G6,and villin headpiece domain,VHP,were existed in all GhVLNs with the exception of two VLNs(GhVLN6 and GhVLN13)which lacked VHP.Cis-elements analysis revealed that the promoter regions of GhVLNs contained various light related components and also elements responsible for phytohormones and stresses response,indicating that,when subjected to those adverse environments,cotton plants may activate the response system by targeting VLN genes to survive the crisis.Heatmaps showed that the GhVLN genes exhibited various expression patterns,some were accumulated in certain tissues,root,petal,stamen or elongating fibers,and some were obviously induced by environmental changes.Especially GhVLN3 and GhVLN10 were highly and preferentially expressed in elongating fibers and distinctly upregulated by abiotic(salt,PEG,cold and heat)and biotic(Verticillium dahliae V991)stresses.This study may provide useful information for biological function identification of GhVLN genes and gene resources for creating high-quality and various resistant cotton germplasms.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31125004 and 31071179)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2013CB945100 and 2011CB944600)
文摘Regulation of actin dynamics is a central theme in cell biology that is important for different aspects of cell physiology. Villin, a member of the villin/gelsolin/fragmin superfamily of proteins, is an important regulator of actin. Villins contain six gelsolin homology domains （G1-G6） and an extra headpiece domain. In contrast to their mammalian counterparts, plant villins are expressed widely, implying that plant villins play a more general role in regulating actin dynamics. Some plant villins have a defined role in modifying actin dynamics in the pollentube; most of their in vivo activities remain to be ascertained. Recently, our understanding of the functions and mechanisms of action for plant villins has progressed rapidly, primarily due to the advent of Arabidopsis thaliana genetic approaches and imaging capabilities that can visualize actin dynamics at the single filament level in vitro and in living plant cells. In this review, we focus on discussing the biochemical activities and modes of regulation of plant villins. Here, we present current understand- ing of the functions of plant villins. Finally, we highlight some of the key unanswered questions regarding the functions and regulation of plant villins for future research.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30630005,30470176 and 30325005)the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China (2006CB100100).
文摘The villin/gelsolin/fragmin superfamily is a conserved Ca^2＋-dependent family of actin-regulating proteins that is widely present both in mammalian and non-mammalian organisms. They have traditionally been characterized by the same core of three or six tandem gelsolin subdomains. The study in vertebrates and lower eukaryotic cells has revealed that the villin/gelsolin/fragmin superfamily of proteins has versatile functions including severing, capping, nucleating or bundling actin filaments. In plants, encouraging progress has been made in this field of research in recent years. This review will summarize the identified plant homologs of villin/gelsolin/fragmin superfamily, thus providing a basis for reflection on their biochemical activities and functions in plants.
基金Supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities lzujbky-2013-221China’s National Science and Technology Program for Public Wellbeing Grant No.2012GS620101Major Science and Technology Projects of Gansu Province Grant No.1102FKDA006
文摘Gastric cancer(GC) is one of the leading causes of cancerrelated mortality worldwide.Cancer stem cells(CSCs),which were first identified in acute myeloid leukemia and subsequently in a large array of solid tumors,play important roles in cancer initiation,dissemination and recurrence.CSCs are often transformed tissue-specific stem cells or de-differentiated transit amplifying progenitor cells.Several populations of multipotent gastric stem cells(GSCs) that reside in the stomach have been determined to regulate physiological tissue renewal and injury repair.These populations include the Villin+ and Lgr5+ GSCs in the antrum,the Troy+ chief cells in the corpus,and the Sox2+ GSCs that are found in both the antrum and the corpus.The disruption of tumor suppressors in Villin+ or Lgr5+ GSCs leads to GC in mouse models.In addition to residing GSCs,bone marrow-derived cells can initiate GC in a mouse model of chronic Helicobacter infection.Furthermore,expression of the cell surface markers CD133 or CD44 defines gastric CSCs in mouse models and in human primary GC tissues and cell lines.Targeted elimination of CSCs effectively reduces tumor size and grade in mouse models.In summary,the recent identification of normal GSCs and gastric CSCs has greatly improved our understanding of the molecular and cellular etiology of GC and will aid in the development of effective therapies to treat patients.
