Antipyretic Effects of Liposoluble Fractions of Viola yedoensis

Objective To clarify the antipyretic effect of the Chinese materia medica, Violae Herba （Viola yedoensis）, and its active fractions by examining the effects of V. yedoensis extracts with differing polarities on body temperature, total white blood cell （WBC） count, WBC differential count, and total serum complement of rabbits with lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced fever. Methods The rabbits were treated with water and ethanolic extracts of V. yedoensis, as well as petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions of the ethanolic extract at low-, mid- and high- doses. The LPS was injected via the ear vein of rabbits in model and treatment groups 30 min post-gavage. Their body temperature was measured at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0 h after the LPS challenge to calculate the temperature changes and thermal response index. After the last temperature measurement, blood samples were collected to determine the blood cell counts and total serum complement （CHs0） level. Results Compared with the model group, body temperature was significantly lower in the low-dose ethanolic extract group, low- and mid-dose petroleum ether fraction groups, and all three ethyl acetate fraction groups. Serum CHs0 levels were lower in all treatment groups, except the ethanolic extract groups, than that in the model group, with no significant difference. V. yedoensis had no significant effect on the blood cells of febrile rabbits challenged with LPS for 6 h. Conclusion The antipyretic effects of V. yedoensis are strong, and its active fractions are the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions of ethanolic extract.

Adsorption Properties for Separation of Apigenin from Viola yedoensis on LSA-10 Resin

Objective To explore the adsorption properties for the separation of apigenin from Viola yedoensis on LSA-10 resin. Methods After different types of macroporous resins were optimized, the effects of initial concentration, temperature, pH value, and other factors on resin adsorption were studied, and the kinetics and thermodynamics in the process of the static adsorption of LSA-10 resin for the apigenin separation from V. yedoensis were also investigated. Results The initial concentration of 4.0 mg/mL, temperature of 50 oC, and pH 5 were suitaMe for the resin adsorption, the experimental data of adsorption isotherms of LSA-10 resin were validated to fit the Freunclich and Langmuir equation, the adsorption process of apigenin was fitted to the first order adsorption kinetics equation, and the adsorption rate was mainly affected by film diffusion. The thermodynamic parameters such as adsorption enthalpy change （AH 〉 0）, adsorption free energy change （6G 〈 0）, and adsorption entropy change （AS 〉 0） were investigated. Conclusion The adsorption for the separation of apigenin on LSA-10 resin was an entropy-driven spontaneous process of decalescence and entropy increase, which belongs to physical adsorption. LSA-10 resin is suitable for the industrial separation of apigenin from V. yedoensis.

Antifeedant Activity of Three Plant Extracts Including P. acinosa against Pieris rapae

[Objective] The research aimed to study antifeedant activity of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb., Setaria viridis （L.） Beauv and Viola yedoensis Makino extracts against Pieris rapae. [Method] Activity material was extracted from S. viridis （L.）, P. acinosa and V. yedoensis using acetone cold soak method, and non-selective antifeedant activity of extracts to Pieris rapae larva was determined by using lobular plate addition method. [Result] The results showed that the acetone leaching agent of P. acinosa had most obvious antifeedant effects on Pieris rapae. The antifeedant rate were 74.53% and 82.34% at 24 and 48 h respectively. With the concentration increasing, the antifeedant effect of P. acinosa extracts increased. The antifeedant rate of 0.050 g/ml treatment was the highest, being 74.53% and 82.34% at 24 and 48 h. [Conclusion] P. acinosa could be studied and utilized as potential botanical insecticide.