Pulmonary macrophages,such as tissue-resident alveolar and interstitial macrophages and recruited monocyte-derived macrophages,are the major macrophages present in the lungs during homeostasis and diseased conditions....Pulmonary macrophages,such as tissue-resident alveolar and interstitial macrophages and recruited monocyte-derived macrophages,are the major macrophages present in the lungs during homeostasis and diseased conditions.While tissue-resident macrophages act as sentinels of the alveolar space and play an important role in maintaining homeostasis and immune regulation,recruited macrophages accumulate in the respiratory tract after acute viral infections.Despite sharing similar anatomical niches,these macrophages are distinct in terms of their origins,surface marker expression,and transcriptional profiles,which impart macrophages with distinguished characteristics in physi-ological and pathophysiological conditions.In this review,we summarize the current view on these macrophage populations,their shared functions,and what makes them distinct from each other in the context of homeostasis andrespiratoryviral infections.展开更多
Context and objective: Around 8% of incident cases of tuberculosis (TB) were reported among people living with HIV worldwide in 2022. Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death among people living with HIV. Africa acc...Context and objective: Around 8% of incident cases of tuberculosis (TB) were reported among people living with HIV worldwide in 2022. Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death among people living with HIV. Africa accounts for the majority of co-infection episodes, with over 50% of cases in some parts of southern Africa. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), around 9% of persons living with HIV (PLHIV) develop TB and 11% of TB patients are infected with HIV. The DRC is one of the 30 countries in the world bearing the brunt of co-infection. Despite the efforts made by countries to improve access to antiretroviral traitement (ART), TB remains a major problem among people living with HIV. The Lingwala Health Zone in the provincial city of Kinshasa recorded a large number of cases of HIV/TB co-infection during the study period. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with HIV/TB co-infection among PLHIV on ART in the Lingwala health zone (HZ) in Kinshasa. Methods: This was a case-control study conducted in the state-run HIV care facilities in the Lingwala health district among PLHIV who had visited the health facilities during the period 2021-2023. Cases were coinfected patients and controls were PLHIV who had not developed tuberculosis during the study period. Results: A total of 281 PLHIV were enrolled in the study, with 70 cases and 211 controls. Factors associated with HIV/TB co-infection after multivariate analysis were viral load (OR = 5.34;95% CI;1.8-15.8, p = 0.005). History of tuberculosis (OR = 20.84;95% CI;8.6-50.3, p -85.0, p = 0.005) and BMI Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the detection of these enumerated factors should prompt providers to actively search for tuberculosis with a view to organising early management.展开更多
Viral infections have been considered as a major cause of morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation in pediatric cohort.Children are at high risk of acquiring virus-related complications due to immunologica...Viral infections have been considered as a major cause of morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation in pediatric cohort.Children are at high risk of acquiring virus-related complications due to immunological immaturity and the enhanced alloreactivity risk that led to maintenance of high immunosuppressive regimes.Hence,prevention,early detection,and prompt treatment of such infections are of paramount importance.Among all viral infections,herpes viruses(herpes simplex virus,varicella zoster virus,Epstein-Barr virus,cytomegalovirus),hepatitis B and C viruses,BK polyomavirus,and respiratory viruses(respiratory syncytial virus,parainfluenza virus,influenza virus and adenovirus)are common in kidney transplant recipients.These viruses can cause systemic disease or allograft dysfunction affecting the clinical outcome.Recent advances in technology and antiviral therapy have improved management strategies in screening,monitoring,adoption of prophylactic or preemptive therapy and precise treatment in the immunocompromised host,with significant impact on the outcome.This review discusses the etiology,screening and monitoring,diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of common viral infections in pediatric renal transplant recipients.展开更多
Introduction: HIV, the human immunodeficiency virus, is the etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The aim of this study was to assess the evolution of the viral load in patients under treatme...Introduction: HIV, the human immunodeficiency virus, is the etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The aim of this study was to assess the evolution of the viral load in patients under treatment. Methodology: This was a study carried out from July 2017 to June 2022 at the Point G University Hospital laboratory. The determination of the viral load of patients was carried out by PCR on the ABOTT M2000sp/rt platform. Results: A total of 129 patients infected with HIV-1, aged 19 to 72 years with a mean age of 40.05 years ± 10.71;all on antiretroviral chemotherapy. The female gender predominated among our patients. The most common treatment regimen was 2INTI + 1INNTI with 72.9% followed by 2INTI + 1INI with 13.2%. As for the combinations of molecules, the combination TDF + 3TC + EFV and TDF + 3TC + DTG predominated, respectively 65.1% and 13.2%. 89.9% of our patients had undetectable viremia after 12 months of treatment (p < 0.005) with an average viral load which had evolved from 681315.65 copies/ml ± 1616908.484 to M0 at 5742.36 copies /ml ± 35756.883 at M12 (p Conclusion: Generally speaking, antiretroviral treatment had contributed to controlling viral loads, however the therapeutic combination TDF + 3TC + DTG had made it possible to obtain more patients with undetectable viremia instead.展开更多
Context/Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV co-infection is a serious health problem in Cameroon. The problems associated with poor adherence to treatment are on the increase worldwide. This problem can be observed ...Context/Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV co-infection is a serious health problem in Cameroon. The problems associated with poor adherence to treatment are on the increase worldwide. This problem can be observed in all situations where patients are required to administer their own medication, whatever the type of illness. The general objective of this study was to assess the factors affecting adherence to treatment among HIV-TB co-infected patients in health facilities in the East Region in the COVID context. Method: A retrospective cohort study before and during COVID-19 was conducted in HIV care units in 13 health districts in the East Region of Cameroon. Data were collected using a questionnaire recorded in the Kobo Collect android application, analyzed using SPSS version 25 software and plotted using Excel. Results: The pre-COVID-19 cohort compared to the during-COVID-19 cohort had a 1.90 risk of not adhering to treatment (OR: 1.90, CI {1.90 - 3.37}) and the difference was statistically significant at the 5% level (p-value = 0.029). Frequency of adherence was 65.4% (140/214). Adherence before COVID-19 was 56.9% whereas during COVID-19, it was 74.3%. Conclusion: The implementation of targeted interventions in the COVID-19 context, using evidence-based data and integrating the individual needs of HIV-TB co-infected patients, improved adherence to concurrent anti-tuberculosis treatment and antiretroviral therapy during the COVID-19 Era.展开更多
Stem cell-like memory T(TSCM)cells possess stem cell properties including multipotency and self-renewal and are being recognized as emerging players in various human diseases.Advanced technologies such as multiparamet...Stem cell-like memory T(TSCM)cells possess stem cell properties including multipotency and self-renewal and are being recognized as emerging players in various human diseases.Advanced technologies such as multiparametric flowcytometry and single cell sequencing have enabled their identification and molecular characterization.In case of chronic viral diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus-1,CD4+T_(SCM) cells,serve as major reservoirs of the latent virus.However,during immune activation and functional exhaustion of effector T cells,these cells also possess the potential to replenish the pool of functional effector cells to curtail the infection.More recently,these cells are speculated to play important role in protective immunity following acute viral infections such as coronavirus disease 2019 and might be amenable for therapeutics by ex vivo expansion.Similarly,studies are also investigating their pathological role in driving autoimmune responses.However,there are several gaps in the understanding of the role of T_(SCM) cells in viral and autoimmune diseases to make them potential therapeutic targets.In this minireview,we have attempted an updated compilation of the dyadic role of these complex T_(SCM) cells during such human diseases along with their biology and transcriptional programs.展开更多
目的通过对近10年HIV/AIDS患者与梅毒螺旋体共感染的相关报道文献的可视化分析,了解该领域的研究热点和未来趋势。方法以Web of Science Core Collection数据库作为数据源,检索2014-2023年HIV/AIDS患者合并感染梅毒螺旋体的相关文献,使...目的通过对近10年HIV/AIDS患者与梅毒螺旋体共感染的相关报道文献的可视化分析,了解该领域的研究热点和未来趋势。方法以Web of Science Core Collection数据库作为数据源,检索2014-2023年HIV/AIDS患者合并感染梅毒螺旋体的相关文献,使用VOSviewer和CiteSpace对相关文献进行可视化分析。结果共有81个国家,1171家机构进行了相关研究,其中美国、中国、英国研究者发文较多,且合作紧密,发达国家是研究主力。关键词聚类中流行病学、孕妇、产前护理、神经梅毒、眼梅毒、男男性行为人群等反映了研究热点,其中男男性行为人群、眼梅毒是未来研究趋势。结论近10年HIV/AIDS患者合并梅毒螺旋体感染的研究热点从合并感染的流行病学、对神经梅毒的诊断逐渐转变至对眼梅毒及男男性行为人群的关注。展开更多
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) share common risk factors and HBV occurs in people with HIV resulting in an increased risk for HIV/HBV co-infection. Globally, hepatitis B virus infection...Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) share common risk factors and HBV occurs in people with HIV resulting in an increased risk for HIV/HBV co-infection. Globally, hepatitis B virus infection is of serious public health causing morbidity and mortality. The increasing incidence of liver diseases caused by HBV is emerging as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected individuals. A clearer knowledge of HBV prevalence in Kogi State is important in order to educate, inform the population and control epidemics through extensive vaccination and treatment programme. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B infection and to evaluate molecularly HBV infection among HIV seropositive individuals. Sera samples were obtained from 218 consented HIV participants and screened for HBsAg using the commercial membrane based rapid qualitative test kit and real-time PCR was performed using Tianlong to assay the virus quantitatively. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on patient’s demographic variables and risk factors for HBV transmission. Overall, 17 of the participants were seropositive to HBsAg. There was a significant difference between the age distribution with (P-value = 0.006) and marital status with (P-value = 0.044). Type of marriage, occupation, place of residence and risk factors associated with HIV and HBV co-infection do not show significant differences. A total of 17 HBsAg positive samples were subjected to viral load analysis, out of which 7 were highly unsuppressed, 5 were suppressed while the remaining 5 were undetectable. This study confirmed a moderately high HIV/HBV co-infection rate (7.8%). The highly unsuppressed viral load obtained from the study is a potential risk for Hepatocellular carcinoma among the study population. Enlightenment programme on routes of virus acquisition with a view to reducing the morbidity and mortality of HIV/HBV co-infection should be intensified.展开更多
Objective: HIV-HBV co-infection is a major public health problem that has not been sufficiently explored in the Central African workplace. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of HIV-HBV co-infection amon...Objective: HIV-HBV co-infection is a major public health problem that has not been sufficiently explored in the Central African workplace. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of HIV-HBV co-infection among people who living with HIV (PLHIV) in the infectious and tropical diseases department of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de lAmiti Sino-Centrafricaine in Bangui. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2021 in the Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department at the Amiti Sino-Centrafricaine University Hospital. It included the files of all PLHIV, which included the results of HBV serology. A standardized form was used to collect socio-demographic and professional data by documentary review. Data was analysed using Epi-Info 7 software. Means, proportions were calculated as well as Chi square witch was significant if p-value was below 0.05. Results: The study included 265 patients, 188 were women (70.1%) and 77 men (29.1%), giving a sex ratio of 0.45. Mean age was 35.8 years, higher in men (40 years) than in women (35.8 years) (p 0.0001). The age groups 25 to 34 (37.7%) and 35 to 44 (33.6%) were in the majority (71.3%). The majority of PLHIV were unemployed (57.1%), including housewives (43.0%). HBV prevalence was 14.3%, including 7.2% among the unemployed, who account for half of all co-infections. The search for associations between HIV-HBV co-infection and all socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex, marital status) and socio-professional categories showed no significant difference (p 0.05). Conclusion: PLHIV were predominantly young adults, female, and unemployed;no occupation was significantly associated with co-infection. The vast majority of co-infected people were not covered by the occupational health system (unemployed or informal sector). Urgent action is needed to improve workers access to occupational medicine in CAR.展开更多
基金supported by US National Institutes of Health grants Al147394,AG069264,Al112844,HL170961 and Al154598 to J.S.
文摘Pulmonary macrophages,such as tissue-resident alveolar and interstitial macrophages and recruited monocyte-derived macrophages,are the major macrophages present in the lungs during homeostasis and diseased conditions.While tissue-resident macrophages act as sentinels of the alveolar space and play an important role in maintaining homeostasis and immune regulation,recruited macrophages accumulate in the respiratory tract after acute viral infections.Despite sharing similar anatomical niches,these macrophages are distinct in terms of their origins,surface marker expression,and transcriptional profiles,which impart macrophages with distinguished characteristics in physi-ological and pathophysiological conditions.In this review,we summarize the current view on these macrophage populations,their shared functions,and what makes them distinct from each other in the context of homeostasis andrespiratoryviral infections.
文摘Context and objective: Around 8% of incident cases of tuberculosis (TB) were reported among people living with HIV worldwide in 2022. Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death among people living with HIV. Africa accounts for the majority of co-infection episodes, with over 50% of cases in some parts of southern Africa. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), around 9% of persons living with HIV (PLHIV) develop TB and 11% of TB patients are infected with HIV. The DRC is one of the 30 countries in the world bearing the brunt of co-infection. Despite the efforts made by countries to improve access to antiretroviral traitement (ART), TB remains a major problem among people living with HIV. The Lingwala Health Zone in the provincial city of Kinshasa recorded a large number of cases of HIV/TB co-infection during the study period. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with HIV/TB co-infection among PLHIV on ART in the Lingwala health zone (HZ) in Kinshasa. Methods: This was a case-control study conducted in the state-run HIV care facilities in the Lingwala health district among PLHIV who had visited the health facilities during the period 2021-2023. Cases were coinfected patients and controls were PLHIV who had not developed tuberculosis during the study period. Results: A total of 281 PLHIV were enrolled in the study, with 70 cases and 211 controls. Factors associated with HIV/TB co-infection after multivariate analysis were viral load (OR = 5.34;95% CI;1.8-15.8, p = 0.005). History of tuberculosis (OR = 20.84;95% CI;8.6-50.3, p -85.0, p = 0.005) and BMI Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the detection of these enumerated factors should prompt providers to actively search for tuberculosis with a view to organising early management.
文摘Viral infections have been considered as a major cause of morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation in pediatric cohort.Children are at high risk of acquiring virus-related complications due to immunological immaturity and the enhanced alloreactivity risk that led to maintenance of high immunosuppressive regimes.Hence,prevention,early detection,and prompt treatment of such infections are of paramount importance.Among all viral infections,herpes viruses(herpes simplex virus,varicella zoster virus,Epstein-Barr virus,cytomegalovirus),hepatitis B and C viruses,BK polyomavirus,and respiratory viruses(respiratory syncytial virus,parainfluenza virus,influenza virus and adenovirus)are common in kidney transplant recipients.These viruses can cause systemic disease or allograft dysfunction affecting the clinical outcome.Recent advances in technology and antiviral therapy have improved management strategies in screening,monitoring,adoption of prophylactic or preemptive therapy and precise treatment in the immunocompromised host,with significant impact on the outcome.This review discusses the etiology,screening and monitoring,diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of common viral infections in pediatric renal transplant recipients.
文摘Introduction: HIV, the human immunodeficiency virus, is the etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The aim of this study was to assess the evolution of the viral load in patients under treatment. Methodology: This was a study carried out from July 2017 to June 2022 at the Point G University Hospital laboratory. The determination of the viral load of patients was carried out by PCR on the ABOTT M2000sp/rt platform. Results: A total of 129 patients infected with HIV-1, aged 19 to 72 years with a mean age of 40.05 years ± 10.71;all on antiretroviral chemotherapy. The female gender predominated among our patients. The most common treatment regimen was 2INTI + 1INNTI with 72.9% followed by 2INTI + 1INI with 13.2%. As for the combinations of molecules, the combination TDF + 3TC + EFV and TDF + 3TC + DTG predominated, respectively 65.1% and 13.2%. 89.9% of our patients had undetectable viremia after 12 months of treatment (p < 0.005) with an average viral load which had evolved from 681315.65 copies/ml ± 1616908.484 to M0 at 5742.36 copies /ml ± 35756.883 at M12 (p Conclusion: Generally speaking, antiretroviral treatment had contributed to controlling viral loads, however the therapeutic combination TDF + 3TC + DTG had made it possible to obtain more patients with undetectable viremia instead.
文摘Context/Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV co-infection is a serious health problem in Cameroon. The problems associated with poor adherence to treatment are on the increase worldwide. This problem can be observed in all situations where patients are required to administer their own medication, whatever the type of illness. The general objective of this study was to assess the factors affecting adherence to treatment among HIV-TB co-infected patients in health facilities in the East Region in the COVID context. Method: A retrospective cohort study before and during COVID-19 was conducted in HIV care units in 13 health districts in the East Region of Cameroon. Data were collected using a questionnaire recorded in the Kobo Collect android application, analyzed using SPSS version 25 software and plotted using Excel. Results: The pre-COVID-19 cohort compared to the during-COVID-19 cohort had a 1.90 risk of not adhering to treatment (OR: 1.90, CI {1.90 - 3.37}) and the difference was statistically significant at the 5% level (p-value = 0.029). Frequency of adherence was 65.4% (140/214). Adherence before COVID-19 was 56.9% whereas during COVID-19, it was 74.3%. Conclusion: The implementation of targeted interventions in the COVID-19 context, using evidence-based data and integrating the individual needs of HIV-TB co-infected patients, improved adherence to concurrent anti-tuberculosis treatment and antiretroviral therapy during the COVID-19 Era.
文摘Stem cell-like memory T(TSCM)cells possess stem cell properties including multipotency and self-renewal and are being recognized as emerging players in various human diseases.Advanced technologies such as multiparametric flowcytometry and single cell sequencing have enabled their identification and molecular characterization.In case of chronic viral diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus-1,CD4+T_(SCM) cells,serve as major reservoirs of the latent virus.However,during immune activation and functional exhaustion of effector T cells,these cells also possess the potential to replenish the pool of functional effector cells to curtail the infection.More recently,these cells are speculated to play important role in protective immunity following acute viral infections such as coronavirus disease 2019 and might be amenable for therapeutics by ex vivo expansion.Similarly,studies are also investigating their pathological role in driving autoimmune responses.However,there are several gaps in the understanding of the role of T_(SCM) cells in viral and autoimmune diseases to make them potential therapeutic targets.In this minireview,we have attempted an updated compilation of the dyadic role of these complex T_(SCM) cells during such human diseases along with their biology and transcriptional programs.
文摘目的通过对近10年HIV/AIDS患者与梅毒螺旋体共感染的相关报道文献的可视化分析,了解该领域的研究热点和未来趋势。方法以Web of Science Core Collection数据库作为数据源,检索2014-2023年HIV/AIDS患者合并感染梅毒螺旋体的相关文献,使用VOSviewer和CiteSpace对相关文献进行可视化分析。结果共有81个国家,1171家机构进行了相关研究,其中美国、中国、英国研究者发文较多,且合作紧密,发达国家是研究主力。关键词聚类中流行病学、孕妇、产前护理、神经梅毒、眼梅毒、男男性行为人群等反映了研究热点,其中男男性行为人群、眼梅毒是未来研究趋势。结论近10年HIV/AIDS患者合并梅毒螺旋体感染的研究热点从合并感染的流行病学、对神经梅毒的诊断逐渐转变至对眼梅毒及男男性行为人群的关注。
文摘Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) share common risk factors and HBV occurs in people with HIV resulting in an increased risk for HIV/HBV co-infection. Globally, hepatitis B virus infection is of serious public health causing morbidity and mortality. The increasing incidence of liver diseases caused by HBV is emerging as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected individuals. A clearer knowledge of HBV prevalence in Kogi State is important in order to educate, inform the population and control epidemics through extensive vaccination and treatment programme. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B infection and to evaluate molecularly HBV infection among HIV seropositive individuals. Sera samples were obtained from 218 consented HIV participants and screened for HBsAg using the commercial membrane based rapid qualitative test kit and real-time PCR was performed using Tianlong to assay the virus quantitatively. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on patient’s demographic variables and risk factors for HBV transmission. Overall, 17 of the participants were seropositive to HBsAg. There was a significant difference between the age distribution with (P-value = 0.006) and marital status with (P-value = 0.044). Type of marriage, occupation, place of residence and risk factors associated with HIV and HBV co-infection do not show significant differences. A total of 17 HBsAg positive samples were subjected to viral load analysis, out of which 7 were highly unsuppressed, 5 were suppressed while the remaining 5 were undetectable. This study confirmed a moderately high HIV/HBV co-infection rate (7.8%). The highly unsuppressed viral load obtained from the study is a potential risk for Hepatocellular carcinoma among the study population. Enlightenment programme on routes of virus acquisition with a view to reducing the morbidity and mortality of HIV/HBV co-infection should be intensified.
文摘Objective: HIV-HBV co-infection is a major public health problem that has not been sufficiently explored in the Central African workplace. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of HIV-HBV co-infection among people who living with HIV (PLHIV) in the infectious and tropical diseases department of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de lAmiti Sino-Centrafricaine in Bangui. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2021 in the Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department at the Amiti Sino-Centrafricaine University Hospital. It included the files of all PLHIV, which included the results of HBV serology. A standardized form was used to collect socio-demographic and professional data by documentary review. Data was analysed using Epi-Info 7 software. Means, proportions were calculated as well as Chi square witch was significant if p-value was below 0.05. Results: The study included 265 patients, 188 were women (70.1%) and 77 men (29.1%), giving a sex ratio of 0.45. Mean age was 35.8 years, higher in men (40 years) than in women (35.8 years) (p 0.0001). The age groups 25 to 34 (37.7%) and 35 to 44 (33.6%) were in the majority (71.3%). The majority of PLHIV were unemployed (57.1%), including housewives (43.0%). HBV prevalence was 14.3%, including 7.2% among the unemployed, who account for half of all co-infections. The search for associations between HIV-HBV co-infection and all socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex, marital status) and socio-professional categories showed no significant difference (p 0.05). Conclusion: PLHIV were predominantly young adults, female, and unemployed;no occupation was significantly associated with co-infection. The vast majority of co-infected people were not covered by the occupational health system (unemployed or informal sector). Urgent action is needed to improve workers access to occupational medicine in CAR.
