Risk factors of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in patients with hepatolithiasis:a case-control study

BACKGROUND:Why 3.3% to 10% of all patients with hepatolithiasis develop intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains unknown.We carried out a hospital-based case-control study to identify risk factors for the development of ICC in patients with hepatolithiasis in China.METHODS:Eighty-seven patients with pathologically diagnosed hepatolithiasis associated with ICC and 228 with hepatolithiasis alone matched by sex,age (±2 years),hospital admittance and place of residence were interviewed during the period of 2000-2008.Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for each risk factor.RESULTS:Among the patients with hepatolithiasis associated with ICC,the mean age was 57.7 years and 61.0% were female Univariate analysis showed that the significant risk factors for ICC development in hepatolithiasis were smoking,family history of cancer,appendectomy during childhood (under age 20),and duration of symptoms >10 years.In multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis,smoking (OR=1.931,95% CI:1.000-3.731),family history of cancer (OR=5.175,95% CI:1.216-22.022),and duration of symptoms >10 years (OR=2.348 95% CI:1.394-3.952) were independent factors.CONCLUSION:Smoking,family history of cancer and duration of symptoms >10 years may be risk factors for ICC in patients with hepatolithiasis.

Association between diabetes mellitus,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,chronic viral hepatitis,and the risk of multiple myeloma:a case-control study

Objective This case-control study aimed to investigate whether diabetes mellitus(DM),hypertension,hyperlipidemia,and chronic viral hepatitis are risk factors for multiple myeloma(MM).Moreover,the clinical characteristics of MM patients with or without the abovementioned exposure factors were analyzed.Methods In total,340 MM patients and 680 patients with benign diseases who were hospitalized from January 2012 to December 2017 were classified under the case group and control group,respectively.Data about medical history of DM,hypertension,hyperlipidemia and chronic viral hepatitis were collected by reviewing medical records.Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to compare the history of DM,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,and viral hepatitis between the two groups.Considering DM,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,and chronic viral hepatitis as exposure factors,clinical characteristics,such as renal function and presence of fungal and other types of infections,between the exposed and nonexposed groups were analyzed.Results No significant difference was observed in the prevalence of DM,hypertension,and hyperlipidemia between the case and control groups.MM patients had a higher prevalence of chronic viral hepatitis than those with benign diseases.No significant difference was observed in the prevalence of renal dysfunction,fungal infection,and non-fungal infections in MM patients with or without DM,hypertension,and hyperlipidemia.MM patients with chronic viral hepatitis had a significantly higher prevalence of nonfungal infections during hospitalization than those without.Conclusion No significant association was noted between MM and DM,hypertension,and hyperlipidemia.Chronic viral hepatitis is correlated to a significantly higher risk of MM,and MM patients with chronic viral hepatitis were more susceptible to non-fungal infections during hospitalization.Although a non-significant trend was observed in this study,we believe that DM and hypertension might be associated with a higher risk of MM.Thus,large-scale studies must be conducted to validate the results of the current study.

Risk factors for liver-related mortality in chronic hepatitis C patients:A deceased case-living control study

AIM:To investigate the risk factors for liver-related mortality in chronic hepatitis C(CHC)patients.METHODS:All deceased CHC inpatient data were collected from the Beijing 302 Hospital clinical database,which includes more than 8250 CHC inpatients during the period from 2002 to 2012.The controls were matched to cases by age(±2 years),sex and date of hospital admission(within the same year).Potential risk factors were included for the evaluation,and odds ratios(OR)and 95%CI were estimated using univariate(unadjusted)and multivariate(adjusted OR,AOR)conditional logistic regression.All statistical tests were two-sided.P values<0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTS:Based on examinations of 144 CHC-related deceased cases and 576 controls,we found that antiviral therapy with interferon-αwas associated with a 47%decrease in the risk of hepatic mortality(AOR=0.53,95%CI:0.28-0.99,P=0.048).Additionally,the initial diagnostic stage of the disease(AOR=2.89,95%CI:1.83-4.56 and P<0.001 for liver cirrhosis/AOR=8.82,95%CI:3.99-19.53 and P<0.001for HCC compared with CHC),diabetes(AOR=2.35,95%CI:1.40-3.95,P=0.001),hypertension(AOR=1.76,95%CI:1.09-2.82,P=0.020),alcohol consumption(AOR=1.73,95%CI:1.03-2.81,P=0.037)and HBsAg positivity(AOR=22.28,95%CI:5.58-89.07,P<0.001)were associated with a significant increase in the risk of liver-related mortality in CHC patients.CONCLUSION:This study indicates that interferon-αtreatment,the stage at the initial diagnosis of the disease and comorbidities are all independent risk factors for liver-related mortality in CHC patients.

Multicenter case-control study of the risk factors for ulcerative colitis in China

AIM:To evaluate potential risk factors in the development of ulcerative colitis(UC) in China.METHODS:A total of 1308 patients with UC and 1308 age-matched and sex-matched controls were prospectively studied in China.The UC cases were collected from 17 hospitals in China from April 2007 to April 2010.Uniform questionnaires were designed to investigate risk factors including smoking,appendectomy,stress,socio-economic conditions,nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),oral contraceptives,diet,breastfeeding,infections and family sanitary conditions.Group comparisons by each factor were done using simple logistic regression analysis.Conditional logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis.RESULTS:By univariate analysis,the variables predictive of UC included feeling stress,light and heavy alcoholic drinking,spicy food,sugar consumption and infectious diarrhea,while heavy tea intake and tap water consumption were protective against UC.On multivariate analysis,the protective factor for UC was tap water consumption [odds ratios(OR) = 0.424,95%CI:0.302-0.594,P < 0.001];while the potential risk factors for UC were heavy sugar consumption(OR = 1.632,95%CI:1.156-2.305,P < 0.001),spicy food(light intake:OR = 3.329,95%CI:2.282-4.857,P < 0.001;heavy intake:OR = 3.979,95%CI:2.700-5.863,P < 0.001),and often feeling stress(OR = 1.981,95%CI:1.447-2.711,P < 0.001).Other factors,such as smoking habit,appendectomy,breastfeeding,a history of measles,rural or urban residence,education,oral contraceptives,and NSAID use have not been found to have a significant association with the development of UC in the present study.CONCLUSION:Our study showed tap water consumption was a protective factor for UC,while spicy food,heavy sugar consumption and often feeling stress were risk factors for UC in this Chinese population.

Risk Factors of Low Back Pain among the Chinese Occupational Population:A Case-control Study

Objective To explore the risk factors of low back pain among the Chinese occupational population in several major industries. Methods A total of 7200 subjects （3600 cases and 3600 controls） were randomly sampled from a cross-sectional study, and they were investigated for individual and occupational factors of low back pain. The potential risk factors were first selected by using chi-square tests. Secondly, collinearity diagnosis proceeded by using the Kendall＇s rank correlation. Finally, binary logistic regression model was used for multi-factor analysis. Results Collinearity diagnosis showed that there was a severe collinearity problem among the potential risk factors of low back pain. Logistic regression model included 20 variables with statistical significance. Bending neck forward or holding neck in a forward posturefor long periods （0R=1.408） was the most important risk factor inducing low back pain in this study, followed by bending heavily with the trunk （0R=1.402）, carrying out identical work almost for the whole day （0R=1.340）. Additionally, suHicient normal break was a protective factor of low back pain. Conclusion Low back pain among the Chinese occupational population was associated with body height, occupation, work organization, physical work, working posture, and others. All these risk factors could be regarded as the indicators of low back pain, and some relevant preventive measures should be taken to reduce low back pain risk.

Risk factors for the occurrence of insulinoma: a case-control study

BACKGROUND: The etiology of insulinoma is poorly understood. Few studies investigated the possible roles of environmental factors and lifestyle in the pathogenesis of insulinoma. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors associated with occurrence of insulinoma in the Chinese population. METHODS: This study consisted of 196 patients with insulinoma and 233 controls. Demographic information of the patients and controls and risk factors of the disease were analyzed. Univariate and unconditional multivariable logistic regression analyses were made to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and possible risk factors. RESULTS: Approximately 68.88% (135/196) of the patients were from rural areas in contrast to 10.30% (24/233) of the controls (P【0.0001). This difference was confirmed by the multivariate analysis (OR=4.950; 95% CI: 2.928-8.370). Family history of pancreatic endocrine tumor (OR=16.754; 95% CI: 2.125-132.057) and other cancers (OR=2.360; 95% CI: 1.052-5.291) was also related to a high-risk population of insulinoma. CONCLUSION: Rural residents or people who have a family history of pancreatic endocrine tumor and other cancers are a high-risk population of insulinoma.

Incidence, risk factors, and cumulative risk of delirium among ICU patients: A case-control study

Objectives: Delirium is a common acute cognitive impairment syndrome among intensive care unit (ICU) patients.This study was aimed to investigate the incidence,risk factors,and cumulative risk of delirium among ICU patients.Methods: A case-control study including clinical records of 452 patients were retrospectively analyzed.Delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU and Richmond Agitation -Sedation Scale.Results: We found that 163 out of the 452 patients (36.1%) had delirium.Multivariate analysis showed that use of sedatives,length of ICU hospitalization,and physical restraint were independent risk factors for delirium.The additive effect of all three factors resulted to an odds ratio of 30.950.Conclusion: The incidence of delirium remained high.Thus,nurses shall strengthen the monitoring of delirium,regularly access the patient's level of calmness,and limit the use of physical restraint.

A Case-control Study of Environmental Risk Factors for Nonsyndromic Cleft of the Lip and/or Palate in Xuzhou,China

In this study, we sought to determine the association between environmental factors and nonsyndromic cleft of the lip and/or palate （NSCLP） to understand the etiology of the disease. A total of 200 NSCLP cases and 327 controls were recruited at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Xuzhou City. We conducted face-to-face interviews with the mothers of both cases and controls. The factors increasing the risk of NSCLP were a positive family history [odds ratio （OR）=56.74], pesticide exposure （OR=8.90）, and indoor decoration pollution （OR= 4.32）. On the other hand, the factors decreasing the risk of NSCLP were a high education level （OR=0.22） and supplementation of folic acid （OR=0.23） and multivitamins （OR=0.16）. Positive family history, pesticide exposure, and indoor decoration pollution are associated with the risk of NSCLP. In contrast, high education level and folic acid and multivitamin supplementation are protective factors against NSCLP.

Lyme Borreliosis-associated Risk Factors in Residents of Beijing Suburbs: a Preliminary Case-control Study

A population-based case-control study was conducted to evaluate the relative fac^tors in the environments, agricultural works, outdoor activities, and the effectiveness of Lyme borreliosis （LB）- associated personal protective measure.c; in Beijing. Thirty-four cases and 272 controls were personally interviewed by well-trained interviewers. Venous blood samples were taken from eac：h subject. Sowing or harvesting in summer （OR=2.571, 95% CI： 1.109-5.962）, living in house with weeding in the yard （OR=2.247, 95% CI： 1.062-4.755）.

Intra-hepatic and extra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma:New insight into epidemiology and risk factors

Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA) is a malignant tumour that arises from biliary epithelium at any portion of the biliary tree.CCA is currently classified as intra-hepatic or extra-hepatic CCA(EH-CCA).Recent evidences suggest that intra-hepatic CCA(IH-CCA) and EH-CCA are biologically different cancers,giving further support to a number of recent epidemiological studies showing large differences in terms of incidence,mortality and risk factors.The purpose of this manuscript is to review recent literature dealing with the descriptive epidemiology and risk factors of CCA with a special effort to compare IH-with EH-CCA.

A case－control study on risk factors of stress fractures in military recruits during basic training

Stress fracture(SF) is an important training injury with a high incidence during recruits' basic training. In order to primarily investigate its risk factors and to provide etiologic threads for a further study,we carried out a case control study on SF. The results of univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that attending training on the occasion of injury or fatigue , and a lower length ratio of tibia and pelvic limb were the main risk factors of SF. The authors are of the opinion that compared with the absolute length of tibia , the relative length of tibia(tibia length/pelvic limb length) may be more relevant to the tibia biomechanical characteristics. , The harm of attending training under the circumstances of injury or fatigue is discussed in this paper.

Follow-up study of hepatitis C virus infection in uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis for 30 months

INTRODUCTIONA high prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus(HCV)(range from 3.3%-80%)has beenreported in hemodialysis(HD)patients,andworrisome as it often becomes chronic and induceschronic liver disease,therefore thenephrologists face a major challenge of how toprevent it.The main route of HCV transmission

Association between Prenatal Environmental Factors and Child Autism: A Case Control Study in Tianjin,China

Objective To investigate the association between autism and prenatal environmental risk factors.Methods A case-control study was conducted among 193 children with autism from the specialeducational schools and 733 typical development controls matched by age and gender by usingquestionnaire in Tianjin from 2007 to 2012. Statistical analysis included quick unbiased efficientstatistical tree （QUEST） and logistic regression in SPSS 20.0.Results There were four predictors by QUEST and the logistic regression analysis, maternal airconditioner use during pregnancy （OR=0.316, 95% CI： 0.215-0.463） was the single first-level node（χ2=50.994, P=0.000）; newborn complications （OR=4.277, 95% CI： 2.314-7.908） and paternalconsumption of freshwater fish （OR=0.383, 95% CI： 0.256-0.573） were second-layer predictors（χ2=45.248, P=0.000; χ2=24.212, P=0.000）; and maternal depression （OR=4.822, 95% CI： 3.047-7.631）was the single third-level predictor （χ2=23.835, P=0.000）. The prediction accuracy of the tree was 89.2%.Conclusion The air conditioner use during pregnancy and paternal freshwater fish diet might bebeneficial for the prevention of autism, while newborn complications and maternal depression might bethe risk factors.

Periodontal disease is associated with increased coronary heart disease risk:A meta-analysis based on 38 case-control studies

AIM: To investigate whether periodontal disease(PD) is associated with increasing coronary heart disease(CHD) risk by performing a meta-analysis.METHODS: Two authors independently searched Pub Med and China National Knowledge Infrastructure up to January 10 th, 2013 for relevant case-control studies that investigated the association between PD and CHD. After quality assessment using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and data extraction by two independent authors, the overall and subgroup meta-analyses were performed and publication bias were examined using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V2 software. Potential publication bias was assessed using visual inspection of the funnel plots, Egger linear regression test, and trims and fill method.RESULTS: Finally 38 relevant case-control studies were identified, involving 4950 CHD patients and 5490 controls. Eleven studies were rated low quality and 27 were high quality. Based on random-effects, a significant association was identified between PD and CHD(OR 3.79, 95%CI: 2.23-6.43, P < 0.001, I2 = 98.59%), and sensitivity analysis showed that this result was robust. Subgroup analyses according to adjusted/unadjusted ORs, source of control, methodological quality, end point, assessment of PD/CHD, and ethnicity also indicated a significant association. Publication bias was detected, and the estimated OR including the "missing" studies did not substantially differ from our estimate with adjustment for missing studies(OR 4.15, 95%CI: 2.62-6.54, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Based on the meta-analysis, PD is probably associated with CHD risk independently and significantly.

Risk factors for Parkinson's disease and interaction analysis in Chinese patients

BACKGROUND： The etiology of Parkinson＇s disease （PD） remains unclear. The majority of studies have focused on the correlation between various factors and PD, with very different conclusions. To date, there has been no study on the interaction between PD family history and other risk factors, and very few studies have reported on hedtability. OBJECTIVE： To explore the risk factors for PD, the interaction between family history and other risk factors, and the impact of genetic factors on PD. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTNG： A paired, retrospective, case-control study was performed at the Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from November 2006 to October 2008. PARTICIPANTS： The case group included 157 Chinese PD patients selected from the Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University in China from 2006 to 2008. An additional 157 patients treated in the same department during the same period were selected as the control group, and they were paired with regard to gender, age, and nationality to the case group. METHODS： Various scored factors were investigated in all participants. The association between various factors and PD was analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Interaction analysis between family history and other risk factors was performed using a logistic regression model. Heritability analysis was performed with the Falconer method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Risk factors for PD, interaction between family history and other risk factors, and heritability. RESULTS： Logistic regression analysis showed that family history, mental work, insecticide exposure, alcohol, and depression positively correlated with PD （odds ratio = 6.75, 2.37, 2.42, 2.03, 5.20, P〈 0.05）, whereas smoking had a negative correlation with PD （odds ratio = 0.49, P 〈 0.001）. The proportions of the effect attributable to interaction of family history and insecticide exposure, alcohol, and depression were 55.2%, 34.0%, and 41.4%, respectively, with a relative excess risk due to interaction of 8.96, 3.31, and 7.85, respectively. PD heritability from first-degree relatives was （36.86 ± 5.76） % and from second-degree relatives was （20.66 ± 6.81） %. CONCLUSION： Family history, mental work, insecticide exposure, alcohol, and depression were determined to be risk factors for PD, whereas smoking was a protective factor. Family history had a positive interaction with coexisting risk factors. Genetic factors had a smaller action on PD than environmental factors.

Genetic polymorphisms in pri-let-7a-2 are associated with ischemic stroke risk in a Chinese Han population from Liaoning, China: a case-control study

Ischemic stroke is a complicated disease, and its pathogenesis has been attributed to the occurrence of genetic polymorphisms.Evidence has suggested that the microRNA let-7a is involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke.Pri-miRNA is the primary transcript, which undergoes several processing steps to generate pre-miRNA and, later, mature miRNAs.In this case-control study, we analyzed the distribution of prilet-7a-2 variants in patients at a high risk for ischemic stroke and the interactions of pri-let-7a-2 variants and environmental factors.Blood samples and clinical information were collected from 1086 patients with ischemic stroke and 836 healthy controls between December 2013 and December 2015 at the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University.We found that the rs1143770 CC genotype and the C allele were associated with a decreased risk of ischemic stroke, whereas the rs629367 CC genotype was associated with an increased risk for ischemic stroke.Moreover, these two single-nucleotide polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium in this study sample.We analyzed gene-environment interactions and found that rs1143770 exerted a combined effect on the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, together with alcohol use, smoking, and a history of hypertension.Therefore, the detection of pri-let-7a-2 polymorphisms may increase the awareness of ischemic stroke risk.This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China(approval No.2012-38-1) on February 20, 2012, and was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(registration number: ChiCTR-COC-17013559) on December 27, 2017.

Predictive Factors for Viral B and C Infection in Health Workers in a University Hospital in Ivory Cost

Purpose: To evaluate the serological status of hepatitis B and C and to identify the risk factors for viral B and C infection in health workers at the university hospital. Material and Method: Mono-centric cross-sectional study carried out at Bouaké University Hospital from March 2nd to May 16th, 2016, concerning the health staff of the Bouaké University Hospital. Cross-sectional study mono-centric concerning the serological status of viral hepatitis B and C from the period from March 2nd to May 16th, 2016 of the health staff of the University Hospital of Bouaké. It has benefited from data from PNLHVi (national program against viral hepatitis) as part of its awareness campaign. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20.0. Results: Of the 1107 health workers, 632 had been included, representing a participation rate of 57.1%. The average age of the staff was 37.8 years with extremes ranging from 18 to 66 years. The sex ratio (H/F) was 0.8. Accidents with blood exposure were noted in 52.4% of cases. The maximum vaccine coverage was 16.1%. The prevalence of HBsAg was 8.4%. Contact with HBV was present in 3/4 of the staff. Anti HCV Ab was positive in 1.4% of the staff. Males, age over 50 and over 20 years of seniority were associated with HBV. Also, HBV infection was significantly higher in boys and girls (81.7%), nurses (78.3%) and nursing aides (73.8%), (p = 0.022). HCV infection was significantly correlated with emergency services. Conclusion: Age, gender, seniority, paramedic qualification, and high risk of exposure to body fluids were correlated with viral B infection while emergency department membership was a factor risk of HCV infection.

Frequency of Various Risk Factors in HCV Positive Patients in Initial Diagnostic Phase

Viral hepatitis C is a type of illness, which is transmitted to patients by different methods in world. Here we will identify the different common risk factors for transmission of viral hepatitis C in our setup. Aim of study was to determine frequency of various risk factors in HCV positive patients. This study was cross sectional and conducted Department of Medicine PMC Hospital at Nawabshah. Duration of this study was one year from April 2016 to March 2017. After taking informed written consent, 243 diseased persons with positive anti Hepatitis C Antibodies were incorporated in this research. Frequency of variables i.e. Hepatitis C virus risk factors and different other demographic results was collected on preformed proforma. In total of 243 subjects there were 165 (67.9%) male and 78 (32.1%) females respectively. Most of the subjects have more than one risk factor. 19 (7.8%) had history of blood and blood products transfusion. IV drug abuse was detected in 08 (3.3%). Homosexuality and heterosexuality were observed in 14 (5.8%) and 12 (4.9%) subjects respectively. History of dental procedure was seen in 31 (12.8%). 228 (93.8%) had history of needle pricking in different ways. History of different surgical procedures was observed in 33 (13.8%). Calculated Mean and Standard Deviation for age was 39.2 ± 10.3 years. It was concluded that proper implementation of precautionary measures should be carried out for every human being to reduce burden of HCV illness in far near future.

Impact of alcohol consumption on treatment outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with viral hepatitis who underwent transarterial chemoembolization

BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in patients with pre-existing liver disease,including viral hepatitis.However,studies on the impact of alcohol consumption on the outcomes of HCC are limited.We hypothesized that alcohol had an additional effect with chronic viral hepatitis infection on treatment outcomes after transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)in patients with intermediate-stage HCC(Barcelona Clinical Liver Cancer[BCLC]-B).AIM To evaluate the additional effect of alcohol on treatment outcomes of TACE among HCC patients with viral hepatitis.METHODS This study,conducted at Hatyai Hospital in Thailand,included HCC patients over 18 years of age with chronic viral hepatitis.Records of HCC patients with viral hepatitis classified as BCLC-B who underwent TACE as the first treatment modality between 2014 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed.Patients with chronic viral hepatitis only were categorized under group A,and those with chronic viral hepatitis and concurrent alcohol consumption were categorized under group B.Both groups were compared,and the Cox proportional-hazards model was used to identify the survival-influencing variables.RESULTS Of the 69 patients,53 were categorized in group A and 16 in group B.There were no statistically significant differences in tumor characteristics between the two patient groups.However,Group A had a statistically significantly higher proportion of complete response(24.5%vs 0%,P=0.030)and a higher median survival rate(26.2 mo vs 8.4 mo;log-rank P=0.012)compared to group B.Factors associated with decreased survival in the proportional-hazards model included alcohol consumption(hazards ratio[HR],2.377;95%confidence interval[CI],1.109-5.095;P=0.026),presence of portal hypertension(HR,2.578;95%CI,1.320–5.037;P=0.006),largest tumor size>5 cm(HR,3.558;95%CI,1.824-6.939;P<0.001),and serum alpha-fetoprotein level>100 ng/mL(HR,2.536;95%CI,1.377-4.670;P=0.003).CONCLUSION In HCC BCLC B patients with chronic viral hepatitis,alcohol consumption is an independent risk factor for increased mortality and decreases the rate of complete response and survival after TACE.

Evidence and thinking on risk factors of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage: a meta-analysis

Background:To explore the related risk factors of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)through meta-analysis,and to provide evidence-based medical basis for preventing ICH in hypertensive patients.Methods:The databases of CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,CBM,PubMed,Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched by computer.Case control study on risk factors for hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were collected from the database establishment to October 2021.Two reviewers independently screened the literature,extracted the data,and evaluated the bias risk of the included studies.Meta-analysis was conducted on the results of the included studies using RevMan5.3 software.Results:A total of 7 studies were included,including 1512 patients.Meta-analysis results showed that:Smoking history(OR=6.23,95%CI(4.32,8.99),P<0.00001),drinking history(OR=7.24,95%CI(1.96,26.72),P=0.003),diabetes mellitus(OR=47.52,95%CI(10.31,219.31),P<0.00001),coronary heart disease(OR=9.90,95%CI(2.96,33.13),P=0.0002),daily salt intake(OR=10.21,95%CI(2.69,38.79),P=0.0006),failure to take medication regularly on time(OR=10.62,95%CI(5.40,20.91),P<0.00001),total cholesterol(OR=6.58,95%CI(2.45,17.65),P=0.0002),triglyceride(OR=8.63,95%CI(6.70,11.12),P<0.00001),body mass index(OR=6.63,95%CI(4.56,9.64),P<0.00001)and experiencing severe economic difficulties(OR=23.97,95%CI(14.82,38.77),P<0.00001)were risk factors for hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.Conclusion:Controlling smoking,drinking,reducing daily salt intake,controlling body weight,preventing diabetes and coronary heart disease,low-fat diet,controlling total cholesterol and triglyceride,taking antihypertensive drugs regularly and improving economic status can prevent hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.