Virginia Woolf’s seventh novel,The Waves,first published by the Hogarth Press in 1931,is widely regarded as her most experimental piece of writing.The complex and elusive structure of the work,the least representatio...Virginia Woolf’s seventh novel,The Waves,first published by the Hogarth Press in 1931,is widely regarded as her most experimental piece of writing.The complex and elusive structure of the work,the least representational among Woolf’s novels,challenges the reader’s assumptions about the inner and the outer world.In the absence of a substantial story,of a convincing plot and well-defined characters,the reader is called upon to search for a deeper coherence and more profound meanings.Indeed,in The Waves the modernist writer strives for a fresh way of expressing a vision of wholeness in a broken world.The present article attempts to reread Woolf’s self-conscious novel in the double perspective of separation and reunion,of dispersal and recomposition.A close reading of selected passages will show how the poetics of fragmentation and the poetics of wholeness coexist in Woolf’s narrative,pervading the imagery and the symbols of the text.In more than one sense,the dialectic between division and unity,fragmentation and wholeness can be identified as the structuring force of the novel;most tellingly,this textual dynamism is reflected in the oscillatory motion of the waves,continuously breaking and merging.展开更多
Mrs.Dalloway is one of the famous novels written by Virginia Woolf,who is perceived as one of the famous feminist writers in the history of English literature.Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith are the two pr...Mrs.Dalloway is one of the famous novels written by Virginia Woolf,who is perceived as one of the famous feminist writers in the history of English literature.Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith are the two protagonists in this novel.From analyzing the relationship of Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith in terms of the meaning of life and death,this thesis aims to explore the author's and the protagonists' inner conflicts and the significance of life and death.展开更多
Mrs.Dalloway and To the Lighthouse are two famous novels written by Virginia Woolf,who is conceived as one of the famous feminist writers in the history of English literature.Clarissa Dalloway and Mrs.Ramsay are the t...Mrs.Dalloway and To the Lighthouse are two famous novels written by Virginia Woolf,who is conceived as one of the famous feminist writers in the history of English literature.Clarissa Dalloway and Mrs.Ramsay are the two female protagonists in the two novels.From analyzing the similarities in terms of personality and psychology by using feminism as the theoretical basis,this thesis aims to explore the author's and the protagonists'paradoxical psychology-inner hope versus reality,and to help women liberate from the patriarchal society.展开更多
The broad objective of this research was to improve current surface mining practices and reduce negative environmental impact of overburden removal in West Virginia(WV).The specific objectives were to(i)compare conven...The broad objective of this research was to improve current surface mining practices and reduce negative environmental impact of overburden removal in West Virginia(WV).The specific objectives were to(i)compare conventional surface mining method(drilling,blasting,digging,and loading)to a surface miner(SM)method,and(ii)apply the analytical hierarchy process(AHP)to help select the optimal mining method based on production,cost and environmental criteria.The design and the procedures used in this research involve five interrelated modules:(i)rock properties of overburden in WV,(ii)drilling and blasting,(iii)digging and loading,(iv)SM method,and(v)comparative analysis and selection of the optimal mining method by AHP.Results of this research indicate that application of SM method would yield higher cost of overburden removal than conventional mining methods in rocks with a high unconfined compressive strength and abrasivity.A significant advantage of SM method,where applicable,is the elimination of the negative environmental impacts associated with blasting.展开更多
Background:Mercury(Hg) and methylmercury are widely considered significant issues for wildlife,and in particular,piscivorous birds due to their widespread availability and neurotoxic properties.Whereas a substantial n...Background:Mercury(Hg) and methylmercury are widely considered significant issues for wildlife,and in particular,piscivorous birds due to their widespread availability and neurotoxic properties.Whereas a substantial number of studies of Hg contamination of Bald Eagles(Haliaeetus leucocephalus) have been conducted throughout the east coast of the United States,little has been done that directly addresses Hg contamination in Bald Eagles in Virginia,particularly the inland population.Methods:We collected blood and feather samples from nestling Bald Eagles in the coastal plain,piedmont,and western regions of Virginia in an effort to determine which areas of the state were more likely to contain populations showing evidence of Hg toxicity.We analyzed the samples for total Hg using a Milestone DMA-80.Results:Samples collected from individuals located in the coastal region exhibited low concentrations of Hg compared to those further inland located on freshwater rivers and reservoirs.Samples collected from the inland population exhibited levels in some areas that are approaching what may be considered to be sub-lethal to avian health(blood:mean 0.324 mg/kg,SE = 0.13,range = 0.06-0.97 mg/kg;feather:mean = 8.433 mg/kg,SE = 0.3,range = 3.811-21.14 mg/kg).Conclusions:Even after accounting for known point-sources of Hg,the inland eagle population in Virginia is susceptible to concentrations of Hg that are significantly higher than their coastal counterparts.Moreover,several locations besides those currently known to be impacted by point-sources are exhibiting concentrations that are approaching a sub-lethal level.展开更多
An improved method was developed for the determination of the four major tobacco-specific nitrosamines（TSNAs） in mainstream cigarette smoke. The new method offers decreased sample preparation and analysis time as co...An improved method was developed for the determination of the four major tobacco-specific nitrosamines（TSNAs） in mainstream cigarette smoke. The new method offers decreased sample preparation and analysis time as compared to traditional methods. This method uses isotope dilution liquid chromatography coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization and is significantly more sensitive than traditional methods. It also shows no evidence of artifactual formation of TSNAs. Sample concentrations were determined for four TSNAs in mainstream smoke using two isotopically labeled TSNAs analogues as internal standards. Mainstream smoke was collected on an industry standard 44-ram Cambridge filter pad, extracted with 0.1 mol/L ammonium acetate, purified by solid-phase extraction, and analyzed without further sample cleanup. The analytical column is a 3.9 mm×150 mm Waters Symmertry Shield RP18 column and volume fraction of the mobile phase is 50% methanol, 50% water containing 0.1% acetic acid. The results show that the linear range is 0.5-100.0 mg/L except for N-nitrosoanabasine （NAB） from 0.25 to 50.0 mg/L. The limits of detection are 0.1 mg/L for N-nitrosonornicotine （NNN）, 0.08 mg/L for 4-（methylnitrosamino）-1- （3-py-ridyl）-1-butanone （NNK）, 0.05 mg/L for N-nitrosoanatabine （NAT） and 0.06 mg/L for NAB. The recoveries of the four TSNAs are from 90.2% to 105.7%.展开更多
A review of the period of unregulated exploitation of forests in the state of West Virginia (U.S.) and in Shaanxi Province, PRC was presented. Economic and ecological recovery from exploitation has been different in t...A review of the period of unregulated exploitation of forests in the state of West Virginia (U.S.) and in Shaanxi Province, PRC was presented. Economic and ecological recovery from exploitation has been different in the two regions due to basic differences in nature of the forest and in the degree and persistence of exploitive pressures. After a century since unregulated exploitation, West Virginia forests are well on the road to management for sustainability and conservation. Shaanxi's recovery from overuse and unregulated exploitation is less certain; forests are still in the early phases of ecological recovery there. Full recovery to a period of sustainability will take a century or longer. Suggestions are made for measures needed to enhance the forest recovery. Keywords Forests - Shaanxi - West Virginia - Central China - Forest exploitation - Recovery CLC number S754 Document code A Article ID 1007-662X(2004)01-0049-06 Foundation item: The project was sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry (2002–2004) and Shaanxi Provincial Foreign Expert Bureau (2003).Biography: Jack E. Coster (1935-), male, professor of West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia. U.S.A.Responsible editor: Song Funan展开更多
As an outstanding modernist female writer in the early twentieth century, Virginia Woolf appeals for women's liberation in literary productions. Focusing on her most significant feminist criticism A Room of One...As an outstanding modernist female writer in the early twentieth century, Virginia Woolf appeals for women's liberation in literary productions. Focusing on her most significant feminist criticism A Room of One's Own, especially on the argument "It is useless to go to the great men writers for help . . . a man's sentence . . . was unsuited for a woman's use", this essay attempts to explore how Woolf searches for language and literary forms more suited for women writers in patriarchal society, and in what ways modernist language and literary form have been shaped by the motives for innovation in Woolf's works. Shaping and being shaped by the trend of modernism, Woolf's assertion of androgynous mind and her unique stream-of-consciousness techniques make contribution to modernist female writing.展开更多
Virginia Woolf has drawn academic attention since she published her first novel.Studies on Virginia Woolf from the perspective of psychology started in the 1950 s and have been kept since then,and in recent years ther...Virginia Woolf has drawn academic attention since she published her first novel.Studies on Virginia Woolf from the perspective of psychology started in the 1950 s and have been kept since then,and in recent years there has been a warming trend in this respect.The paper aims at combing through studies on Virginia Woolf from psychological perspective at home and abroad,investigating its research status and prospect,summarizing its characteristics,digging out problems and exploring space for further studies.展开更多
In the paper a little known large 4-folio map of the territory of the later US states Virginia and Maryland is introduced. The map, which was surveyed and composed between 1660 and 1670, is exceptional from several po...In the paper a little known large 4-folio map of the territory of the later US states Virginia and Maryland is introduced. The map, which was surveyed and composed between 1660 and 1670, is exceptional from several points of view: the vast impenetrable territory covering a strip of land of about 700 × 400 km was mapped by one man, Augustin Herrman “Bohemian” (as he called himself) and by his crew during 10-year surveying and trigonometric measurements. It seems that this extraordinary map belongs among the first geodetically surveyed maps of the American territory. In 1960 altogether 5 copies of the map, complete in four parts, were known in British, French and American Libraries and map collections.展开更多
文摘Virginia Woolf’s seventh novel,The Waves,first published by the Hogarth Press in 1931,is widely regarded as her most experimental piece of writing.The complex and elusive structure of the work,the least representational among Woolf’s novels,challenges the reader’s assumptions about the inner and the outer world.In the absence of a substantial story,of a convincing plot and well-defined characters,the reader is called upon to search for a deeper coherence and more profound meanings.Indeed,in The Waves the modernist writer strives for a fresh way of expressing a vision of wholeness in a broken world.The present article attempts to reread Woolf’s self-conscious novel in the double perspective of separation and reunion,of dispersal and recomposition.A close reading of selected passages will show how the poetics of fragmentation and the poetics of wholeness coexist in Woolf’s narrative,pervading the imagery and the symbols of the text.In more than one sense,the dialectic between division and unity,fragmentation and wholeness can be identified as the structuring force of the novel;most tellingly,this textual dynamism is reflected in the oscillatory motion of the waves,continuously breaking and merging.
文摘Mrs.Dalloway is one of the famous novels written by Virginia Woolf,who is perceived as one of the famous feminist writers in the history of English literature.Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith are the two protagonists in this novel.From analyzing the relationship of Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith in terms of the meaning of life and death,this thesis aims to explore the author's and the protagonists' inner conflicts and the significance of life and death.
文摘Mrs.Dalloway and To the Lighthouse are two famous novels written by Virginia Woolf,who is conceived as one of the famous feminist writers in the history of English literature.Clarissa Dalloway and Mrs.Ramsay are the two female protagonists in the two novels.From analyzing the similarities in terms of personality and psychology by using feminism as the theoretical basis,this thesis aims to explore the author's and the protagonists'paradoxical psychology-inner hope versus reality,and to help women liberate from the patriarchal society.
基金The research work in this paper is financially supported by the West Virginia Coal and Energy Research Bureau(CERB).
文摘The broad objective of this research was to improve current surface mining practices and reduce negative environmental impact of overburden removal in West Virginia(WV).The specific objectives were to(i)compare conventional surface mining method(drilling,blasting,digging,and loading)to a surface miner(SM)method,and(ii)apply the analytical hierarchy process(AHP)to help select the optimal mining method based on production,cost and environmental criteria.The design and the procedures used in this research involve five interrelated modules:(i)rock properties of overburden in WV,(ii)drilling and blasting,(iii)digging and loading,(iv)SM method,and(v)comparative analysis and selection of the optimal mining method by AHP.Results of this research indicate that application of SM method would yield higher cost of overburden removal than conventional mining methods in rocks with a high unconfined compressive strength and abrasivity.A significant advantage of SM method,where applicable,is the elimination of the negative environmental impacts associated with blasting.
基金supported under the US Environmental Protection Agency-Science to Acheive Results(STAR) Fellowship Program#F6C20816the Virginia Dept.of Game and Inland Fisheries
文摘Background:Mercury(Hg) and methylmercury are widely considered significant issues for wildlife,and in particular,piscivorous birds due to their widespread availability and neurotoxic properties.Whereas a substantial number of studies of Hg contamination of Bald Eagles(Haliaeetus leucocephalus) have been conducted throughout the east coast of the United States,little has been done that directly addresses Hg contamination in Bald Eagles in Virginia,particularly the inland population.Methods:We collected blood and feather samples from nestling Bald Eagles in the coastal plain,piedmont,and western regions of Virginia in an effort to determine which areas of the state were more likely to contain populations showing evidence of Hg toxicity.We analyzed the samples for total Hg using a Milestone DMA-80.Results:Samples collected from individuals located in the coastal region exhibited low concentrations of Hg compared to those further inland located on freshwater rivers and reservoirs.Samples collected from the inland population exhibited levels in some areas that are approaching what may be considered to be sub-lethal to avian health(blood:mean 0.324 mg/kg,SE = 0.13,range = 0.06-0.97 mg/kg;feather:mean = 8.433 mg/kg,SE = 0.3,range = 3.811-21.14 mg/kg).Conclusions:Even after accounting for known point-sources of Hg,the inland eagle population in Virginia is susceptible to concentrations of Hg that are significantly higher than their coastal counterparts.Moreover,several locations besides those currently known to be impacted by point-sources are exhibiting concentrations that are approaching a sub-lethal level.
基金Project(2005JC02) supported by China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation Limited
文摘An improved method was developed for the determination of the four major tobacco-specific nitrosamines（TSNAs） in mainstream cigarette smoke. The new method offers decreased sample preparation and analysis time as compared to traditional methods. This method uses isotope dilution liquid chromatography coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization and is significantly more sensitive than traditional methods. It also shows no evidence of artifactual formation of TSNAs. Sample concentrations were determined for four TSNAs in mainstream smoke using two isotopically labeled TSNAs analogues as internal standards. Mainstream smoke was collected on an industry standard 44-ram Cambridge filter pad, extracted with 0.1 mol/L ammonium acetate, purified by solid-phase extraction, and analyzed without further sample cleanup. The analytical column is a 3.9 mm×150 mm Waters Symmertry Shield RP18 column and volume fraction of the mobile phase is 50% methanol, 50% water containing 0.1% acetic acid. The results show that the linear range is 0.5-100.0 mg/L except for N-nitrosoanabasine （NAB） from 0.25 to 50.0 mg/L. The limits of detection are 0.1 mg/L for N-nitrosonornicotine （NNN）, 0.08 mg/L for 4-（methylnitrosamino）-1- （3-py-ridyl）-1-butanone （NNK）, 0.05 mg/L for N-nitrosoanatabine （NAT） and 0.06 mg/L for NAB. The recoveries of the four TSNAs are from 90.2% to 105.7%.
基金The Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars State Education Ministry(2002-2004)and Shaanxi Provincial Foreign Expert Bureau (2003).
文摘A review of the period of unregulated exploitation of forests in the state of West Virginia (U.S.) and in Shaanxi Province, PRC was presented. Economic and ecological recovery from exploitation has been different in the two regions due to basic differences in nature of the forest and in the degree and persistence of exploitive pressures. After a century since unregulated exploitation, West Virginia forests are well on the road to management for sustainability and conservation. Shaanxi's recovery from overuse and unregulated exploitation is less certain; forests are still in the early phases of ecological recovery there. Full recovery to a period of sustainability will take a century or longer. Suggestions are made for measures needed to enhance the forest recovery. Keywords Forests - Shaanxi - West Virginia - Central China - Forest exploitation - Recovery CLC number S754 Document code A Article ID 1007-662X(2004)01-0049-06 Foundation item: The project was sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry (2002–2004) and Shaanxi Provincial Foreign Expert Bureau (2003).Biography: Jack E. Coster (1935-), male, professor of West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia. U.S.A.Responsible editor: Song Funan
文摘As an outstanding modernist female writer in the early twentieth century, Virginia Woolf appeals for women's liberation in literary productions. Focusing on her most significant feminist criticism A Room of One's Own, especially on the argument "It is useless to go to the great men writers for help . . . a man's sentence . . . was unsuited for a woman's use", this essay attempts to explore how Woolf searches for language and literary forms more suited for women writers in patriarchal society, and in what ways modernist language and literary form have been shaped by the motives for innovation in Woolf's works. Shaping and being shaped by the trend of modernism, Woolf's assertion of androgynous mind and her unique stream-of-consciousness techniques make contribution to modernist female writing.
基金the achievement of the National Social Science Fund Project“Trauma Studies on Virginia Woolf”(13CWW020)Research Project of Returning Doctor of Jishou University entitled“Studies on Virginia Woolf”(jsdxxcfxbskyxm201308)
文摘Virginia Woolf has drawn academic attention since she published her first novel.Studies on Virginia Woolf from the perspective of psychology started in the 1950 s and have been kept since then,and in recent years there has been a warming trend in this respect.The paper aims at combing through studies on Virginia Woolf from psychological perspective at home and abroad,investigating its research status and prospect,summarizing its characteristics,digging out problems and exploring space for further studies.
文摘In the paper a little known large 4-folio map of the territory of the later US states Virginia and Maryland is introduced. The map, which was surveyed and composed between 1660 and 1670, is exceptional from several points of view: the vast impenetrable territory covering a strip of land of about 700 × 400 km was mapped by one man, Augustin Herrman “Bohemian” (as he called himself) and by his crew during 10-year surveying and trigonometric measurements. It seems that this extraordinary map belongs among the first geodetically surveyed maps of the American territory. In 1960 altogether 5 copies of the map, complete in four parts, were known in British, French and American Libraries and map collections.
