Light-Activated Virtual Sensor Array with Machine Learning for Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease

Early non-invasive diagnosis of coronary heart disease(CHD)is critical.However,it is challenging to achieve accurate CHD diagnosis via detecting breath.In this work,heterostructured complexes of black phosphorus(BP)and two-dimensional carbide and nitride(MXene)with high gas sensitivity and photo responsiveness were formulated using a self-assembly strategy.A light-activated virtual sensor array(LAVSA)based on BP/Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx was prepared under photomodulation and further assembled into an instant gas sensing platform(IGSP).In addition,a machine learning(ML)algorithm was introduced to help the IGSP detect and recognize the signals of breath samples to diagnose CHD.Due to the synergistic effect of BP and Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx as well as photo excitation,the synthesized heterostructured complexes exhibited higher performance than pristine Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx,with a response value 26%higher than that of pristine Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx.In addition,with the help of a pattern recognition algorithm,LAVSA successfully detected and identified 15 odor molecules affiliated with alcohols,ketones,aldehydes,esters,and acids.Meanwhile,with the assistance of ML,the IGSP achieved 69.2%accuracy in detecting the breath odor of 45 volunteers from healthy people and CHD patients.In conclusion,an immediate,low-cost,and accurate prototype was designed and fabricated for the noninvasive diagnosis of CHD,which provided a generalized solution for diagnosing other diseases and other more complex application scenarios.

Study on Solder Joint Reliability of Plastic Ball Grid Array Component Based on SMT Products Virtual Assembly Technology

Based on surface mount products virtual assembly technology,the solder joint reliability of plastic ball grid array (PBGA) was studied. Four process parameters,including the upper pad diameter,the stencil thickness,the chip weight on a single solder joint and the lower pad diameter were chose as four control factors. By using an L25(56) orthogonal array the PBGA solder joints which have 25 different process parameters’ levels combinations were designed. The numerical models of all the 25 PBGA solder joints were developed and the finite element analysis models were setup. The stress and strain distribution within the PBGA solder joints under thermal cycles were studied by finite element analysis,and the thermal fatigue life of PBGA solder joint was calculated using Coffin-Manson equation. Based on the calculated thermal fatigue life results,the range analysis was performed. The results of study show that that the impact sequence of the four factors from high to low on the fatigue life of PBGA solder joints are the stencil thickness,the upper pad diameter,the lower pad diameter and the chip weight on a single solder joint; the best level combination ofprocess parameters that results in the longest fatigue life is the lower pad diameter of 0.6 mm,the stencil thickness of 0.175 mm,the chip weight on asingle solder joint of 28×10 -5 N and the upper pad diameter of 0.5 mm.

Direction of arrival estimation of coherent sources based on arbitrary plane arrays

A method of direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of coherent sources is proposed, which is based on arbitrary plane arrays. After constructing the mathematical model of coherent sources, virtual array transformation and MUSIC algorithm are used to realize the azimuth estimation of coherent sources, which improved the DOA estimation performance greatly. According to the computer simulation, its validity is confirmed.

Testing System Based on Virtual Instrument for Readout Circuit of Infrared Focal Plane Array

Readout integrated circuit(ROIC) is one of the most important components for hybrid-integrated infrared focal plane array(IRFPA). And it should be tested to ensure the product yield before bonding. This paper presents an on-wafer testing system based on Labview for ROIC of IRFPA. The quantitative measurement can be conducted after determining whether there is row crosstalk or not in this system. This low-cost system has the benefits of easy expansion, upgrading, and flexibility, and it has been employed in the testing of several kinds of IRFPA ROICs to measure the parameters of saturated output voltage, non-uniformity, dark noise and dynamic range, etc.

NON-UNIFORM LINEAR ARRAY CONFIGURATION FOR MIMO RADAR

Array configuration of multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） radar with non-uniform linear array （NLA） is proposed. Unlike a standard phased-array radar where NLA is used to generate thinner beam patterns, in MIMO radar the property of NLA is exploited to get more distinct virtual array elements so as to improve pa- rameter identifiability, which means the maximum number of targets that can be uniquely identified by the radar. A class of NLA called minimum redundancy linear array （MRLA） is employed and a new method to construct large MRLAs is descrihed. The numerical results verify that compared to uniform linear array （ULA） MIMO radars, NLA MIMO radars can retain the same parameter identifiability with fewer physical antennas and achieve larger aperture length and lower Cramer-Rao bound with the same number of the physical antennas.

Neural Network and GBSM Based Time-Varying and Stochastic Channel Modeling for 5G Millimeter Wave Communications

In this work,a frame work for time-varying channel modeling and simulation is proposed by using neural network(NN)to overcome the shortcomings in geometry based stochastic model(GBSM)and simulation approach.Two NN models are developed for modeling of path loss together with shadow fading(SF)and joint small scale channel parameters.The NN models can predict path loss plus SF and small scale channel parameters accurately compared with measurement at 26 GHz performed in an outdoor microcell.The time-varying path loss and small scale channel parameters generated by the NN models are proposed to replace the empirical path loss and channel parameter random numbers in GBSM-based framework to playback the measured channel and match with its environment.Moreover,the sparse feature of clusters,delay and angular spread,channel capacity are investigated by a virtual array measurement at 28 GHz in a large waiting hall.

MODE SPACE SMOOTHING ALGORITHM TO ESTIMATE DOA OF COHERENT SIGNALS IMPINGING ON UNIFORM CIRCULAR ARRAY

A novel method to estimate DOA of coherent signals impinging on a uniform circular array( UCA) is presented in this paper. A virtual uniform linear array (VULA) is first derived by using spatial DFT technique, transforming the UCA from element space to phase mode space to obtain the properties of ordinary ULA, and then the well known spatial smoothing technique is applied to the VULA so that the lost rank of covariance matrix due to signal coherence can be retrieved. This method makes it feasible to use the simple MUSIC algorithm to estimate DOA of coherent signals impinging on a UCA without heavy computation burden. Simulation results strongly verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.

VA液晶显示器光程差测量方法分析

垂直排列Vertical Array简称VA,VA液晶显示器盒内液晶分子的排列方式是垂直排列,因此采用现有常用的光程差测试设备如CG-200,无法测量出VA液晶显示器的光程差。文章研究利用VA液晶显示器的显示机理,通过测试比较不同光程差对应的高压光电曲线,总结出测量VA液晶显示器光程差的简单方法。

High-resolution bottom detection algorithm for a multibeam echo-sounder system with a U-shaped array

High-resolution approaches such as multiple signal classification and estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques（ESPRIT） are currently employed widely in multibeam echo-sounder（MBES）systems for sea floor bathymetry,where a uniform line array is also required.However,due to the requirements in terms of the system coverage/resolution and installation space constraints,an MBES system usually employs a receiving array with a special shape,which means that high-resolution algorithms cannot be applied directly.In addition,the short-term stationary echo signals make it difficult to estimate the covariance matrix required by the high-resolution approaches,which further increases the complexity when applying the high-resolution algorithms in the MBES systems.The ESPRIT with multiple-angle subarray beamforming is employed to reduce the requirements in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio,number of snapshots,and computational effort.The simulations show that the new processing method can provide better fine-structure resolution.Then a highresolution bottom detection（HRBD） algorithm is developed by combining the new processing method with virtual array transformation.The application of the HRBD algorithm to a U-shaped array is also discuss.The computer simulations and experimental data processing results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

2D Augmented Coprime Array Geometry Based on the Difference and Sum Coarray Concept

The concept of difference and sum(diff-sum)coarray has attracted a lot of attentions in the estimation of direction-of-arrival(DOA)for the past few years,due to its high degrees-of-freedom(DOFs).A vectorized conjugate augmented MUSIC(VCA-MUSIC)algorithm is applied to generate an equivalent signal model which contains the virtual sensor positions of both the difference and sum of the physical sensors in the two-dimensional(2D)arrays,by utilizing both the spatial and temporal information.Besides,an augmented 2D coprime array configuration is presented with the basis on the concept of difference and sum coarray.By compressing the inter-element spacing of one subarray and introducing the proper separation between the two subarrays of 2D coprime array,the redundancy between the difference coarray and the sum one can be reduced so that more virtual sensors in both coarrays can make contributions to the DOFs.As a result,a much larger consecutive area in the diff-sum coarray can be achieved,which can significantly increase the DOFs.Numerical simulations verify the superiority of the proposed array configuration.

STUDY ON MONOPULSE ANGLE MEASUREMENT METHOD BASED ON VIRTUAL POLARIZATION MATCHING

A monopulse angle measurement method for polarization array radar is studied in this paper.The receiving signal model is established and then a monopulse angle measurement method based on virtual polarization matching is proposed.To analyze the estimation performance,the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound(CRLB)of angle estimation is derived.Both theoretical analysis and simulation show that:firstly,the proposed method is superior to the traditional angle measurement methods based on the single polarization.Secondly,the performance of the new method is unrelated to the echo polarization.Thirdly,angle estimation of this method is asymptotically optimal.The results show that this method has great potential to be used in polarization array radar.

PULSE CUMULATING METHOD FOR MULTI-TARGETS' JOINT AZIMUTH-ELEVATION FREQUENCY-DELAY ESTIMATION

The Directions of Arrivals （DOAs）, speeds and distances of targets are all required for array signal processing. Based on the periodic phase shift of coherent pulse sequence waveform, a new estimation of multi-targets＇ 2-Dimentional （2-D） DOA angle, Doppler frequency shift and relative time-delay is proposed. Based on a virtual sensor array constructed by pulse cumulating, the estinaations of azimuth, elevation, Doppler frequency shift and time-delay can be obtained simultaneously, and the least number of pulses could be two. This method is computationally efficient even in heavier noised environment, and all estimations are automatically paired in calculation process with no used to any plane sensor array and deal with many spectrum searching. Further more, this algorithm can be targets at the same time only by few sensors. The targets number that can deal with simultaneously is several times to the sensor number, which is the upper limit for normal algorithms such as ESPRIT and MUSIC. These characteristics would be very useful, especially, for aerial systems. Simulations demonstrate the capabilities of this method efficiently.

提高VA LCD抗按压性能的研究

按压VA LCD表面,会导致部分液晶分子暂时排列无序,从而出现暂时性显示不均。试验主要从分析PI摩擦方面入手,采用不同的PI摩擦扭力矩,研究对抗按压性能的影响,包括对显示稳定性和响应速度的影响,使VA产品可适用于更广泛的领域,例如触控方面的应用。

集成虚拟装配环境中的多约束导航技术研究

提出一种基于增量驱动和归约原理的多约束导航解算方法,该方法采用FOB的相对位姿变化量来驱动虚拟手、基于归约原理求解多约束运动导航,并将此方法应用于集成虚拟装配系统(IVAE)。实例表明,该方法能有效地处理FOB与虚拟手的位姿分离以及多约束作用下的运动导航问题。

虚拟装配的研究综述与分析(Ⅰ)

对虚拟装配技术的研究状况进行了全面的综述和分析,主要讨论虚拟装配的概念和内涵,指出虚拟装配技术本质上是实现两层次的映射.从不同角度对虚拟装配进行分类,根据实现功能和目的不同可分为以产品设计为中心的虚拟装配、以工艺规划为中心的虚拟装配和以虚拟原型为中心的虚拟装配,根据虚拟环境的不同可分为桌面式系统、头盔式系统、CAVE式系统和Cybersphere系统,并根据这些系统的优缺点自行设计了一种新型的虚拟装配环境系统.最后给出了典型虚拟装配系统的体系结构和工作流程.

虚拟装配技术概述

基于现代制造业的现状和发展趋势,从市场的需求出发,在总结传统装配技术的基础上,详细地介绍了虚拟装配技术的相关理论和相关技术,如:虚拟现实、虚拟环境等。虚拟现实和虚拟环境为虚拟装配提供了逼真的、具有视、听、触、嗅、味等多种感知的虚拟仿真的场景,同样具有真实环境所有的特征。文章对虚拟装配的步骤、过程、分类及功能进行了系统地介绍,在现有知识的基础上,提出了更新的、更有实际意义的技术思想,总结了一般意义下虚拟装配的实现技术．得出虚拟装配的现实意义。

基于多端直流联网的风电功率协调控制

高渗透率风电参与多端直流系统的功率协调能够显著提高电网系统的运行稳定性。综合考虑电网电能质量和换流站功率裕量,将多端直流系统分为3种运行模式,即自由运行模式,下垂运行模式和限流运行模式。根据不同工况,各端的换流站能够协调分配直流电网内的不平衡功率,从而提高系统稳定运行的能力。为进一步改善多端直流系统的功率协调能力,提出了风电的有功协调控制策略。该控制策略根据直流电压变化,控制风电场端电网频率,合理利用变速风电机组的惯性控制与变桨距控制,使风电能够有效分担系统内的不平衡功率。对风电渗透率为30%的多端直流系统的仿真分析验证了在所提3种运行模式以及风电的有功协调参与下,多端直流系统的供电质量以及对于有功扰动的承受能力均可得到改善。

虚拟装配的研究综述与分析(II)

虚拟装配是近年来兴起的重要研究方向,为了对虚拟装配技术的研究状况进行全面的综述和分析,介绍了几种典型的虚拟装配系统,分析了其功能和组成.并探讨了虚拟装配主要研究内容的研究概况,主要从CAD系统和虚拟装配系统之间的数据转换技术、利用VR的交互式装配规划技术、基于几何约束的虚拟装配/拆卸过程仿真技术等七个方面进行分析.最后指出了目前系统开发和应用方面存在的主要问题和不足,并给出了将来发展的主要方向.

基于DELMIA的电动工具虚拟装配技术研究

在虚拟装配技术的理论基础上,对电动工具(以电钻为例)的装配工艺问题进行了研究。根据产品的装配层次关系,生成了电钻的装配结构树,实现了电钻的装配模块划分,形成了各个子装配体;依据分层规划时的装配关联图,表达了电钻的二维拓扑结构,采用宽度优先搜索策略进行了装配序列推理,实现了装配序列的合理规划;采用由粗到精(即按照"包容盒级、半包容盒级、精确实体级")逐层推进的顺序对电钻的装配路径进行了规划,并在DELMIA软件中对整个装配过程进行了仿真。仿真结果表明该研究为电钻产品的生产制造提供了良好的应用前景。

基于高阶累积量虚拟阵列扩展的DOA估计

该文提出了一种基于高阶累积量虚拟阵列扩展的DOA估计新方法。该方法基于高阶累积量孔径扩展的性质,由实际阵元的坐标与方向矢量直接计算出虚拟阵元的坐标与方向矢量,利用两种阵元的坐标之间的关系构造四阶或六阶协方差矩阵,运用MUSIC方法对非高斯独立信号源进行DOA估计。该方法在任意阵列的情况下,对非高斯独立信号源进行一维与二维DOA估计,均能准确地估计出多于实际阵元数目的方向角与仰角。实验表明,该方法简单、有效地扩展了阵列孔径,提高了阵列的空间分辨能力,有效地抑制了高斯噪声的干扰,降低了高阶累积量协方差矩阵的计算量。