无载体复合酶固定化技术提取革胡子鲶下脚料中的磷脂酰胆碱

鱼类废弃物中含大量的磷脂酰胆碱,为提高磷脂酰胆碱的回收提取率,本研究设计构建了无载体复合酶固定化技术对革胡子鲶鱼内脏中磷脂酰胆碱的提取。该提取体系包含复合酶和戊二醛,研究对戊二醛的浓度、交联pH、交联温度、该固定化复合酶的重复利用次数、该固定化酶的保存时间进行的探索研究。单因素实验结果表明,提取体系最佳交联浓度为5%、最佳交联温度为30℃、最佳交联pH为6.5;该固定化酶基本可以重复使用3~4次,保存25天以后提取率就比较低了。另外,通过三因素三水平的正交实验得出酶固定化的最佳组合工艺条件,即交联浓度为7%、交联温度为35℃、交联pH为7.5时的提取率最高。该工艺可为鱼类废弃物提取磷脂酰胆碱积累新技术的经验,为其实现工业化提供有力支持。

无膈下游离气体中空脏器穿孔的CT诊断

目的 :探讨CT对腹腔内中空脏器穿孔的诊断价值。材料和方法 :CT检查24例无膈下游离气体的腹部中空脏器穿孔患者(23例手术 ,1例随访证实)。采用腹窗(窗宽300Hu ,窗位20Hu)及纵隔窗位(窗宽600Hu ,窗位 -30Hu)成像技术。结果 :CT确诊穿孔21例(87.5 %)。游离气体分布依次为前腹壁下、小网膜囊、后腹膜及肠系膜间等部位。21例中CT作出穿孔脏器(定位)诊断者13例(61.9 %)。病因(定性)诊断者12例(57.14 %)。结论 :常规腹部CT扫描结合纵隔窗位成像 。

氧自由基在腹主动脉阻断所致内脏缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的探讨氧自由基在腹主动脉阻断所引起的肝、肾和小肠缺血再灌注损伤中的作用。方法建立在小猪腹腔动脉开口以上阻断腹主动脉的实验模型，检测在不同再灌注时点肝、肾、小肠组织及血液中丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）和ＳＯＤ的变化，同时检测主要肝肾功能和动脉血气分析的改变。结果在各再灌注时点血和组织中ＭＤＡ的含量升高，而ＳＯＤ的活性下降，多数时点同缺血前比较差异有显著性；再灌注２ｈ时血中谷丙转氨酶（ＡＬＴ）、尿素氮（ＢＵＮ）和肌酐（ＣＲＥ）较缺血前有明显升高，代谢性酸中毒也极为明显。结论氧自由基在腹主动脉阻断引起的多个脏器缺血再灌注损伤中起重要作用，且氧自由基的变化有一定的特点。

主动脉转流对内脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的:探讨不同流量主动脉转流对腹主动脉暂时性阻断所引起肝、肾和小肠等内脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响。方法:实验建立在小猪腹腔动脉开口以上阻断腹主动脉1h和同时辅助主动脉转流的模型,检测在不同再灌注时点肝、肾、小肠组织及血液中丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的变化,同时检测主要肝肾功能、动脉血气分析。结果:50%流量组的血和组织中MDA含量和SOD的活性在几个再灌注时点与同组的缺血前比较差异有显著性,且在再灌注2h时BUN、pH和HCO-3的值与缺血前比较差异有显著性。70%流量组上述指标的改变较50%流量组有改善。结论:当主动脉转流量达到原腹主动脉流量的70%时主动脉转流这一措施能较好地预防腹主动脉阻断1h对肝、肾和小肠的缺血再灌注损伤。

Effect of early enteral and parenteral nutrition on visceral ischemic lesion of rat burn model

AIM:To compare the effects of early enteral nutrition and early parenteral nutrition on ameliorating visceral ischemia and relieving free radical damage.METHODS:66 Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control group(C),parenteral nutrition group(PN)and enteral nutrition group(EN),PN and EN groups made up of 30%TBSAⅢdegree burn model.We delivered nutrient solution with same calorie and calorie nitrogen ratio via vein or enteral tract respectively.Blood flow of liver,kidney and change of SOD of heart,liver and kidney at 6,12,24,48,72 h after burn were tested.RESULTS:Tissue blood flow and SOD of EN group were higher than those of PN group in many phase(P< 0.05-0.01).CONCLUSION:Early enternal nutrition can relieve the increase of visceral vascular permeability and damage of oxygen free radical.

Effect of moxibustion on survival status and nutritional metabolic factor in tumor-bearing rats with gastric cancer

Objective:To observe the effect of moxibustion on the survival status and nutritional metabolic factors of tumor-bearing rats with gastric cancer and explore the inhibitory effect of moxibustion on the tumorbearing rats.Methods:A total of 40 SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group,a sham-operated group,a model group and a moxibustion group,10 rats in each group.Gastric cancer models were established in the model group and the moxibustion group.The rats of all the groups underwent the same constraining procedure for 20 min every day.Additionally,moxibustion was applied at acupoints for 20 min in the rats of the moxibustion group.There were two groups of acupoints.One group included"Zusanli(足三里ST 36)""Zhongwan(中脘CV12)"and"Guanyuan(关元CV4)".The other group included bilateral"Pishu(脾俞BL 20)"and"Weishu(胃俞BL 21)".Moxibustion was applied for 20 min every day at the acupoints of the two groups alternatively and lasted for 14 days.The survival status of rats was observed and the score of survival status and body weight of rats were recorded every day.At the end of intervention,the orbital blood was collected and the rats were sacrificed for sample collection.The viscera-free body weight was recorded.Using biochemical analyzer,the blood glucose(GLU),albumin(ALB),total protein(TP)and triglyceride(TG)in serum were detected.Results:(1)Regarding the score of the survival status,after modeling,the scores in the model group and the moxibustion group were all higher than those of the sham-operation group(both P<0.05).After intervention,the score in the moxibustion group was lower than that of the model group(P<0.05).(2)After modeling,the body weight in the moxibustion group and the model group was lower than those of the blank group,indicating a statistical significance(both P<0.05).The body weight in the moxibustion group was higher than that of the model group after intervention,indicating the statistical significance(P<0.05).(3)Regarding the viscera-free body weight,it was lower in the model group compared with the sham-operation group,indicating the statistical significance(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the viscera-free body weight was higher in the moxibustion group,indicating the statistical significance(P<0.04).(4)Regarding the nutritional metabolic factors,compared with the sham-operation group,the levels of GLU and ALB in the model group were lower and TP was higher,presenting the statistical significance(all P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the levels of GLU and ALB were higher in the moxibustion group and TP was lower,presenting the statistical significance(all P<0.05).Conclusion:Moxibustion improves the survival status of tumor-bearing rats with gastric cancer,increases the body weight,the viscera-free body weight and the levels of GLU and ALB in serum and reduces TP of the tumor-bearing rats with gastric cancer and inhibits the growth of gastric cancer.

腹主动脉阻断导致内脏缺血再灌注损伤的研究

目的观察腹主动脉阻断所引起的肝、肾、小肠等内脏缺血再灌注损伤的改变。方法建立小猪腹主动脉阻断１小时的模型，检测在不同再灌注时点组织及血液中丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）的变化，同时检测肝肾功能和动脉血气分析，观察动物术后的生存情况。结果与缺血前比较，大多数再灌注时点血、组织中ＭＤＡ明显升高，而ＳＯＤ明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。在再灌注２小时，血中谷丙转氨酶（ＡＬＴ）、尿素氮（ＢＵＮ）、肌酐（ＣＲＥ）较缺血前明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），代谢性酸中毒也极为明显。多数动物术后能够存活，但均出现下肢截瘫。结论腹主动脉阻断１小时能引起明显的内脏缺血再灌注损伤改变，多数内脏经处理后其损伤能够得到代偿恢复，而脊髓损伤恢复困难。