For decades visual field defects were considered irreversible because it was thought that in the visual system the regeneration potential of the neuronal tissues is low.Nevertheless,there is always some potential for ...For decades visual field defects were considered irreversible because it was thought that in the visual system the regeneration potential of the neuronal tissues is low.Nevertheless,there is always some potential for partial recovery of the visual field defect that can be achieved through induction of neuroplasticity.Neuroplasticity refers to the ability of the brain to change its own functional architecture by modulating synaptic efficacy.It is maintained throughout life and just as neurological rehabilitation can improve motor coordination,visual field defects in glaucoma,diabetic retinopathy or optic neuropathy can be improved by inducing neuroplasticity.In ophthalmology many new treatment paradigms have been tested that can induce neuroplastic changes,including non-invasive alternating current stimulation.Treatment with alternating current stimulation(e.g.,30 minutes,daily for 10 days using transorbital electrodes and^10 Hz)activates the entire retina and parts of the brain.Electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies revealed local activation of the visual cortex,global reorganization of functional brain networks,and enhanced blood flow,which together activate neurons and their networks.The future of low vision is optimistic because vision loss is indeed,partially reversible.展开更多
Strabismic amblyopia is characterized by a distorted spatial perception.In this condition,the neurofunctional disorder occurring during first years of life provoke several monocular and binocular anomalies such as cro...Strabismic amblyopia is characterized by a distorted spatial perception.In this condition,the neurofunctional disorder occurring during first years of life provoke several monocular and binocular anomalies such as crowding,deficits in the accommodative response,contrast sensitivity,and ocular motility abilities.The inhibition of the binocular function of the brain by the misaligned amblyopic eye induces a binocular imbalance leading to interocular suppression and the reduction or lack of stereoacuity.Passive treatments such as occlusion,optical and/or pharmacological penalization,and Bangerter foils has been demonstrated to be potentially useful treatments for strabismic amblyopia.Recent researches have proved new pharmacological options to improve and maintain visual acuity af ter occlusion treatment in strabismic amblyopia.Likewise,the active vision therapy,in the last years,is becoming a very relevant therapeutic option in combination with passive treatments,especially during and after monocular therapy,in the attempt of recovering the imbalanced binocular vision.展开更多
文摘For decades visual field defects were considered irreversible because it was thought that in the visual system the regeneration potential of the neuronal tissues is low.Nevertheless,there is always some potential for partial recovery of the visual field defect that can be achieved through induction of neuroplasticity.Neuroplasticity refers to the ability of the brain to change its own functional architecture by modulating synaptic efficacy.It is maintained throughout life and just as neurological rehabilitation can improve motor coordination,visual field defects in glaucoma,diabetic retinopathy or optic neuropathy can be improved by inducing neuroplasticity.In ophthalmology many new treatment paradigms have been tested that can induce neuroplastic changes,including non-invasive alternating current stimulation.Treatment with alternating current stimulation(e.g.,30 minutes,daily for 10 days using transorbital electrodes and^10 Hz)activates the entire retina and parts of the brain.Electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies revealed local activation of the visual cortex,global reorganization of functional brain networks,and enhanced blood flow,which together activate neurons and their networks.The future of low vision is optimistic because vision loss is indeed,partially reversible.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Economy,Industry and Competitiveness of Spain within the program Ramón y Cajal(RYC-2016-20471)。
文摘Strabismic amblyopia is characterized by a distorted spatial perception.In this condition,the neurofunctional disorder occurring during first years of life provoke several monocular and binocular anomalies such as crowding,deficits in the accommodative response,contrast sensitivity,and ocular motility abilities.The inhibition of the binocular function of the brain by the misaligned amblyopic eye induces a binocular imbalance leading to interocular suppression and the reduction or lack of stereoacuity.Passive treatments such as occlusion,optical and/or pharmacological penalization,and Bangerter foils has been demonstrated to be potentially useful treatments for strabismic amblyopia.Recent researches have proved new pharmacological options to improve and maintain visual acuity af ter occlusion treatment in strabismic amblyopia.Likewise,the active vision therapy,in the last years,is becoming a very relevant therapeutic option in combination with passive treatments,especially during and after monocular therapy,in the attempt of recovering the imbalanced binocular vision.
