A chaotic hierarchical encryption/watermark embedding scheme for multi-medical images based on row-column confusion and closed-loop bi-directional diffusion

Security during remote transmission has been an important concern for researchers in recent years.In this paper,a hierarchical encryption multi-image encryption scheme for people with different security levels is designed,and a multiimage encryption(MIE)algorithm with row and column confusion and closed-loop bi-directional diffusion is adopted in the paper.While ensuring secure communication of medical image information,people with different security levels have different levels of decryption keys,and differentiated visual effects can be obtained by using the strong sensitivity of chaotic keys.The highest security level can obtain decrypted images without watermarks,and at the same time,patient information and copyright attribution can be verified by obtaining watermark images.The experimental results show that the scheme is sufficiently secure as an MIE scheme with visualized differences and the encryption and decryption efficiency is significantly improved compared to other works.

Visual reaction effects induced and stimulated by different lights on phototactic bio-behaviors in Locusta migratoria manilensis

Control of locusts traditionally relies on chemical insecticides.However,chemical control had led to serious environment problems,while light trap techniques based on manipulating insect phototactic responses,are proposed to use for plague locusts control.The key to high efficiency of the trap is to decide the photoelectric reaction intensities on the positive phototaxis of insects.The study compared the visual reaction effects of locusts with their phototactic photosensitivity through the use of spectrometry and behavior investigations,to obtain the influences of the visual spectrum characteristics on locusts positive phototaxis.The results showed that the visual absorption of photons of mixed spectral light and the visual glimmer reaction of the locusts with migratory spectrum characteristics of the peak wavelength of LED lights,reflected the degree of the visual photosensitivity to light photons absorbed by the eye.The visual photosensitive response intensity and the phototactic aggregation effect stimulated by violet light were the most effective,showing that violet light of locusts visual trending sensitivity was consistent with the short sensitive spectrum light of insects visual electrophysiology,whereas the timeliness of the visual photosensitivity reaction and the induction effect was superior under orange light,showing that the biological behavior of locusts visual physiology reaction caused by orange light regulating locusts light rhythm was complicated.Moreover,weak light resulted in stronger visuospatial orientation in terms of the phototaxis of locusts and stronger light resulted in the better visual orientation towards the light source.The results indicated that optical wave properties could affect the visual absorption of spectral light photons,which resulted in different visual responses to different optical frequency energies and restricted the visual bio-photosensitive induction activity of locusts.The study provides new understanding of positive and negative phototaxis of locusts and useful data for the further development of photoelectric induction techniques for the control of locusts.

Visual response effects of western flower thrips manipulated by different light spectra

To understand how spectral light wavelength affects thrips visual sensitivity,the selective response and the approach sensitivity of western flower thrips were examined.The results showed that light intensity affected thrips selective sensitivity to different spectra,with good visual sensitivity to blue,ultraviolet(UV),and green light changes to UV,violet,and yellow light when illumination increased from 120 lx to 6000 lx.Red light was the sensitive spectral light driving thrips to respond to sensitive light.Under illumination,the best sensitivity response to spectra was violet,while under light energy,this changed to UV when light energy was increased to 120 mW/cm^(2).However,the photo-stimulus properties(illumination or light energy)did not affect the optimal approach sensitivity to UV light.Furthermore,when illumination or light energy stimulated thrips to select two different spectral lights,the total response sensitivity to 12000 lx of UV and violet light were the best(83.27%),while at 60 mW/cm^(2) of UV and yellow light was the best(82.15%).But different photo-stimulus properties influenced on the total approach sensitivity to the stimulation of two different spectral lights when the intensity of light increased,showing that to 12000 lx of violet and green light was the best(53.18%),while for 120 mW/cm^(2) of UV and green light was the best(47.74%).The thrips visual selection response effects stimulated by illumination were different from that induced by light energy,and originated from the thrips different bio-regulatory effects caused by the intensity of light energy of illumination and the intensity of illumination of light energy.Therefore,different photo-stimulus effects can manipulate thrips visual sensitivity to enhance the phototactic effect.

Photo-induced visual response of western flower thrips attracted and repulsed by their phobotaxis spectrum light

This study aimed to clarify the synergistic phototactic attraction-repulsion effect formed by the photo-induced approach-avoidance behavior of thrips,construct phototactic attraction-repulsion light control technologies.The phototactic push-pull effects of red light and UV(365 nm),violet(405 nm),green(520 nm),and yellow(560 nm)single light,as well as their pairwise combined light on the behavior of western flower thrips were investigated using an apparatus that measured thrips response.The study also analyzed the influence of light properties on the phototactic attraction-repulsion effects of thrips and the synergistic effects of red light,and the attraction-repulsion regulation mode.The influence factors on the photo-induced attraction-repulsion effect of thrips were also discussed.The results showed that the red light,presenting the push effect,drove thrips to respond to the sensitive light.The synergistic attraction-repulsion effect of red light and singlelight,as well as that of red light and combined light was related to the light intensity.However,the attraction-repulsion synergism did not reflect thrips response effect and approach effect pulled and pushed by red light and single light,red light and combined light.Thrips preference for green-yellow light,and their behavior depended on the degree of UV light,making the attraction-repulsion synergy of red and green light the strongest.When the light intensity increased,the attraction-repulsion synergy of red and yellow light was the strongest.The attraction-repulsion response to red light and single light was related to the spectral attribute of the single light,with that of red lightand UV light being better.The attraction-repulsion response to red light and combined light was related to light intensity.The intensity of combined light made the attraction-repulsion response to red light and the combined UV and violet light be the best,and the brightness of long-short spectrum light rendered red light and the combined UV and yellow light the best.All such light and combinations were remarkably better than that of red light and UV light.Relative to red light and UV light,the use ofred light and combined light provided limited enhancement to the approach effect of thrips;however,under red light and combined light,violet light intensified the approach of thrips to UV light,with yellow light strengthening the approach to green light.Those results provided a scientific basis for the development of light trapping equipment and the adjustment of light control strategies for thrips.

Color appearance and visual measurements for color samples with gloss effect

We assess the color appearance of the samples with different inks on glossy substrates, five kinds of paper with different gloss levels. The color samples are measured using spectrophotometers under different illuminating/viewing geometries and visually estimated using the psychophysical method of magnitude estimation. The results of the two approaches are compared through the color appearance model of CIECAM02. The experimental data analysis indicates that the 0/45 and 15/0 geometries can be used to describe the two major aspects of gloss effect, the enlargement of color gamut, and the reduction of lightness. The agreement for hue attribute between instrumental measurement and visual assessment is better than those for colorfulness and lightness.

AN EFFECTIVE VISUAL AID FOR TEACHINC VOCABULARY

IntroductionTeaching vocabulary,is one of the most important tasks in teaching English.With successful teaching ofvocabulary,students will find English classes interesting and words easy to memorise.If English classesare dull,students will not be interested in trying to learn new words.Sometime students find itimpossible to distinguish the difference between so many similar words.In my experience,one of themost effective ways to solve the problems is to make appropriate use of a very simple teaching aid-coloured chalk.Coloured chalk can produce‘sharp contrasts’on the blackboard.‘Sharp contrasts’willhelp students to discover associations between words,word formations,and minor differences in thespelling of some commonly confused words.With coloured chalk,teachers do not have to ask studentsagain and again to pay attention,the‘sharp contrasts’will highlight the key features.Teachingvocabulary with appropriate use of coloured chalk will produce twice the result with half the effort.