Vein visualization enhancement by dual-wavelength phase-locked denoising technology

Visual near-infrared imaging equipment has broad applications in various fields such as venipuncture,facial injections,and safety verification due to its noncontact,compact,and portable design.Currently,most studies utilize near-infrared single-wavelength for image acquisition of veins.However,many substances in the skin,including water,protein,and melanin can create significant background noise,which hinders accurate detection.In this paper,we developed a dual-wavelength imaging system with phase-locked denoising technology to acquire vein image.The signals in the effective region are compared by using the absorption valley and peak of hemoglobin at 700nm and 940nm,respectively.The phase-locked denoising algorithm is applied to decrease the noise and interference of complex surroundings from the images.The imaging results of the vein are successfully extracted in complex noise environment.It is demonstrated that the denoising effect on hand veins imaging can be improved with 57.3%by using our dual-wavelength phase-locked denoising technology.Consequently,this work proposes a novel approach for venous imaging with dual-wavelengths and phase-locked denoising algorithm to extract venous imaging results in complex noisy environment better.

Detection accuracy for epithelial dysplasia using an objective autofluorescence visualization method based on the luminance ratio

The autofluorescence visualization method （AVM） uses blue excitation light to assist in the diagnosis of epithelial dysplasia. It detects epithelial dysplasia as a black area, which is known as fluorescence visualization loss （FVL）. In this study, we evaluated the detection accuracy for epithelial dysplasia of the tongue using the objective AVM and assessed its possible clinical utility. Seventy-nine tongue specimens clinically suspected to have leukoplakia or squamous cell carcinoma （SCC） were analyzed. First, the AVM was subjectively performed using the Visually Enhanced Lesion scope （VELscope）, and the iodine-staining method was then performed. After biopsy, the histopathological results and the luminance ratio between the lesion and healthy tissue were compared, and a receiver operating characteristic curve was created. The cutoff value for the objective AVM was determined; the lesion was considered FVL-positive or -negative when the luminance ratio was higher or lower than the cutoff value, respectively. The histopathological diagnoses among the 79 specimens were SCC （n = 30）, leukoplakia with dysplasia （n = 34）, and leukoplakia without dysplasia （n= 15）. The cutoff value of the luminance ratio was 1.62, resulting in 66 FVL-positive and 13 FVL-negative specimens. The luminance ratio was significantly higher in the epithelial dysplasia-positive than -negative group （P〈O.O00 1）. The objective AVM showed much higher consistency between histopathological results than did the two methods （kappa statistic = 0.656）. In conclusion, objective autofluorescence visualization has a potential as an auxiliary method for diagnosis of epithelial dysplasia.

3D Ergonomic Board: Kids Teaching and Learning Proposition

The caprice for the study came from an indigenous designed instructional board for teaching learners in nursery/primary schools (2 - 10 years) and the task whose overall topic is the reminiscence, retention of visuals aid use in the pedagogy. The study is to appraise the opinion of toddlers/teachers about the helpfulness of 3D-visuals (ergonomic board);the clarity of the intended functions of the 3D-visuals in the toddler’s lessons instruction and support from the producers in using them;and why visuals (conventional visual aids) in schoolroom instruction are misjudged/misinterpreted;their view about the functions in specific (conventional visuals) for the instruction pedagogy;and other sources of visuals provided other than the lesson’s instruction. Four nursery/primary schools participated in the study. Seventy-two (72) toddler’s/teachers participated in the study. The study examined using quantitative and qualitative approach for statistical analysis (using pie-chart and histogram). The findings suggested that the aspects of visuals items selected for comment and description are to some extent circumscribed by toddler’s learners’ linguistic resources. Understandably, the point made by researchers referred that visuals often fail to support learning as effectively as they might because they are not regarded as a full-fledged information mode that requires the same careful processing as verbal text, is borne out by the findings. Recommendation, the accountability is above all on producers of kid’s instructional materials: authors, editors, designers and illustrators of the materials. The implication of this is that toddlers’ instructional materials should, as in the case of illustrated books include both an overt explanation of the overall philosophy toward visuals and overview of their use.

Enhancement of rapid lifetime determination for time-resolved fluorescence imaging in forensic examination

An enhancement method of rapid lifetime determination is proposed for time-resolved fluorescence imaging to discriminate substances with approximate fluorescence lifetime in forensic examination. In the method, an image-exclusive-OR treatment with filter threshold adaptively chosen is presented to extract the region of interest from dual-gated fluorescence intensity images, and then the fluorescence lifetime image is reconstructed based on the rapid lifetime determination algorithm. Furthermore, a maximum and minimum threshold filtering is developed to automatically realize visualization enhancement of the lifetime image. In proof experiments, compared with traditional fluorescence intensity imaging and rapid lifetime determination method, the proposed method automatically distinguishes altered and obliterated documents written by two brands of highlighters with the same color and close fluorescence lifetime.