Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Anthocyanins and Visual Color of Blood Orange Juice

Thermal degradation kinetics of anthocyanins and visual color （Hunter α value） of blood orange juice were studied at selected temperatures （70-90℃）. Results indicated that both the thermal degradation of anthocyanin and visual color all followed first-order reaction kinetics, and they could be expressed by Arrhenius equation. The activation energy values for the anthocyanins degradation and visual color degradation were 55.81 and 47.51 kJ tool-1, respectively. The linear relationship between visual color and anthocyanin content was obtained. Furthermore, during thermal processing of blood orange juice, the formulas about the linear relationships showed no significant difference at selected temperatures. So, the relationships between visual color and anthocyanins content during thermal processing at selected temperatures could be described by the same equation： α＊/αo＇=0.559（C/Co）＋0.43. It might be inferred that visual color measured instantaneously by tristimulus colorimeters for on-line quality control, could be used to predict the anthocyanins degradation during thermal processing of blood orange juice.

Sparse representation-based color visualization method for hyperspectral imaging

In this paper, we designed a color visualization model for sparse representation of the whole hyperspectral image, in which, not only the spectral information in the sparse representation but also the spatial information of the whole image is retained. After the sparse representation, the color labels of the effective elements of the sparse coding dictionary are selected according to the sparse coefficient and then the mixed images are displayed. The generated images maintain spectral distance preservation and have good separability. For local ground objects, the proposed single-pixel mixed array and improved oriented sliver textures methods are integrated to display the specific composition of each pixel. This avoids the confusion of the color presentation in the mixed-pixel color display and can also be used to reconstruct the original hyperspectral data. Finally, the model effectiveness was proved using real data. This method is promising and can find use in many fields, such as energy exploration, environmental monitoring, disaster warning, and so on.

Dual Visual Cryptography Using the Interference Color of Birefringent Material

Visual cryptography is a method of encrypting an image into several encrypted images. Conventional visual cryptography can display only monochrome images. We previously proposed a color visual cryptography method that uses the interference color of high-order retarder films and encrypts one secret image into two encrypted images. In other words, this method can only encrypt one image at a time. In this paper, we propose a new method that encrypts two color images using interference color.

Color Visual Cryptography with Stacking Order Dependence Using Interference Color

Visual cryptography is an encryption method that shares a secret image through several encrypted images. General visual cryptography has no stacking order dependence, and only one image can be decoded regardless of stacking order of encrypted images. We previously reported a color visual cryptography using interference color (or polarization color) of retarder films. The interference color changes depending on the stacking order of retarder films. In this paper, we propose and develop a color visual cryptography that displays two images by changing stacking order of retarder films.

Short-duration transient visual evoked potentials and color reflectivity discretization analysis in glaucoma patients and suspects

AIM： To evaluate the use of short-duration transient visual evoked potentials（VEP） and color reflectivity discretization analysis（CORDA） in glaucomatous eyes,eyes suspected of having glaucoma,and healthy eyes.METHODS： The study included 136 eyes from 136 subjects： 49 eyes with glaucoma,45 glaucoma suspect eyes,and 42 healthy eyes.Subjects underwent Humphrey visual field（VF） testing,VEP testing,as well as peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer optical coherence tomography imaging studies with post-acquisition CORDA applied.Statistical analysis was performed using means and ranges,ANOVA,post-hoc comparisons using Turkey＇s adjustment,Fisher＇s Exact test,area under the curve,and Spearman correlation coefficients.RESULTS： Parameters from VEP and CORDA correlated significantly with VF mean deviation（MD）（P〈0.05）.In distinguishing glaucomatous eyes from controls,VEP demonstrated area under the curve（AUC） values of 0.64-0.75 for amplitude and 0.67-0.81 for latency.The CORDA HR1 parameter was highly discriminative for glaucomatous eyes vs controls（AUC=0.94）.CONCLUSION： Significant correlations are found between MD and parameters of short-duration transient VEP and CORDA,diagnostic modalities which warrant further consideration in identifying glaucoma characteristics.

利用Visual BASIC语言实现灯光PC机控制主控系统

介绍了利用VisualBASIC语言实现灯光PC机控制主控系统的方法，并简要介绍了一类易于操控的大型灯光系统的构成方法。

OPTIMIZED MEANSHIFT TARGET REFERENCE MODEL BASED ON IMPROVED PIXEL WEIGHTING IN VISUAL TRACKING

The generic Meanshift is susceptible to interference of background pixels with the target pixels in the kernel of the reference model, which compromises the tracking performance. In this paper, we enhance the target color feature by attenuating the background color within the kernel through enlarging the pixel weightings which map to the pixels on the target. This way, the background pixel interference is largely suppressed in the color histogram in the course of constructing the target reference model. In addition, the proposed method also reduces the number of Meanshift iterations, which speeds up the algorithmic convergence. The two tests validate the proposed approach with improved tracking robustness on real-world video sequences.

Modeling Dynamics of Leaf Color Based on RGB Value in Rice

This paper was to develop a model for simulating the leaf color changes in rice （Oryza sativa L.） based on RGB （red, green, and blue） values. Based on rice experiment data with different cultivars and nitrogen （N） rates, the time-course RGB values of each leaf on main stem were collected during the growth period in rice, and a model for simulating the dynamics of leaf color in rice was then developed using quantitative modeling technology. The results showed that the RGB values of leaf color gradually decreased from the initial values （light green） to the steady values （green） during the first stage, remained the steady values （green） during the second stage, then gradually increased to the final values （from green to yellow） during the third stage. The decreasing linear functions, constant functions and increasing linear functions were used to simulate the changes in RGB values of leaf color at the first, second and third stages with growing degree days （GDD）, respectively; two cultivar parameters, MatRGB （leaf color matrix） and AR （a vector composed of the ratio of the cumulative GDD of each stage during color change process of leaf n to that during leaf n drawn under adequate N status）, were introduced to quantify the genetic characters in RGB values of leaf color and in durations of different stages during leaf color change, respectively; FN （N impact factor） was used to quantify the effects of N levels on RGB values of leaf color and on durations of different stages during leaf color change; linear functions were applied to simulate the changes in leaf color along the leaf midvein direction during leaf development process. Validation of the models with the independent experiment dataset exhibited that the root mean square errors （RMSE） between the observed and simulated RGB values were among 8 to 13, the relative RMSE （RRMSE） were among 8 to 10%, the mean absolute differences （da） were among 3.85 to 6.90, and the ratio of da to the mean observation values （Clap） were among 3.04 to 4.90%. In addition, the leaf color model was used to render the leaf color change over growth progress using the technology of visualization, with a good performance on predicting dynamic changes in rice leaf color. These results would provide a technical support for further developing virtual plant during rice growth and development.

A Secure Visual Cryptography Scheme Using Private Key with Invariant Share Sizes

Visual cryptography (VC) is one of the best techniques used to secure information. It uses the human vision to decrypt the encrypted images without any cryptographic computations. The basic concept of visual cryptography is splitting the secret image into shares such that when the shares are stacked, the secret image is revealed. In this paper we proposed a method that is based on the concept of visual cryptography for color images and without any pixel expansion which requires less space. The proposed method is used to encrypt halftone color images by generating two shares, random and key shares which are the same size as the secret color image. The two shares are generated based on a private key. At the receiving side, the secret color image is revealed by stacking the two shares and exploiting the human vision system. In this paper, we produce an enhanced form of the proposed method by modifying the encryption technique used to generate the random and the key shares. Experimental results have shown that the proposed and the enhanced methods suggest an efficient way to encrypt a secret color image with better level of security, less storage space, less time of computation and with a better value of PSNR.

Temperature Measurement of Air Flow Using Fluorescent Mists Combined with Two-Color LIF

This study proposes a two-color laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique for measuring the temperature distribution of an airflow by spraying a mist of a fluorescent dye. The mist is generated by using propylene glycol, the vapor pressure of which is much lower than that of water, as the solvent of the fluorescent dyes. A supersonic moisture chamber is used as the atomizer for seeding the tracer particles to be visualized. The proposed technique is applied to the measurement of the temperature distribution in a thermal vertical buoyant plume. The proposed two-color LIF thermometry is found to be very effective for the study of such a thermal structure, and it is well suited for measuring the temperature field of an airflow.

Color Vision Defects with Variation in the Exon 5 of Red and Green Pigment Genes

Purpose : To investigate correlation of variation in the exon 5 of red and green pigment genes with color vision defects.Methods : Exon 5 of the red and green pigment genes in 11 protans, 19 deutans and 38 normal controls were analyzed by heteroduplux-SSCP analysis.Results : In all 11 protans and 8 of the 19 deutans, defects of the red or green pigment gene could be identified. The C polymorphism (A/C at codon 283) in green pigment gene was present in 8 of 44 trichromats and 5 of 24 dichromats. Specific electrophoretic bands were found in 2 normal controls and a deutan.Conclusions: Variation in the exon 5 of the red and green pigment genes is the most common cause for color vision defects. Heteroduplex-SSCP analysis is a suitable way in screening specific variation in visual pigment genes. Eye Science 1998; 14 : 130 - 133.

段状管道轴向数据可视化的颜色映射函数优化方法研究与应用

轴向数据经常以伪色彩方式在三维管道模型上进行可视化,颜色映射函数对可视化效果有决定性影响。虽然现在已有很多颜色映射函数,且其对符合常见分布特点的数据有较好效果,但它们对分布比较特殊的数据还是难以取得理想效果,所以人们针对各种特殊分布数据研究颜色映射函数。如果三维管道轴向数据由若干段组成,并且呈现“段内差别小,段间差距大”的分布特点,那么常见映射函数难以同时表现段内的细微差异和段之间的显著差别,从而影响可视化效果。针对这个问题,提出一种基于控制点的映射函数优化方法,以改善段状数据的可视化效果。实验分析使用了合成数据来验证方法的有效性,且使用了聚变堆冷却管的辐射量数据验证方法的有效性,两种数据均验证了该方法的有效性。

基于CT断层扫描的木质家具与原木内部缺损三维可视化研究

研究木质家具与原木试件内部缺损三维可视化,有助于木质文物精准干预性保护与木材高效规划利用。凸显三维成像技术可视化优势,对木质文物保护具有重要意义。本文采用philips16排CT——A机型Brilliace16对试件三维断层扫描。通过对CT扫描后原始图像的分割,获取品质较佳的三维数字模型。继而对分割后的图像进行切面与断面两个维度的手工着色,随后通过三维重建可得到开裂、虫洞、朽坏等不同形式缺损的三维形态,并可得到与之对应的精准三维模型。试验证明:通过三维重建,可获取木质试件内部不同类型三维缺损形态的可视化分析,可对缺损形态进行360°观察,并可获取三维缺损形态的表面积、体积等精准物理参数。本技术可为木质文物修复提供三维缺损形态的精准参数及直观可视化三维模型。

基于视知觉形式动力理论的美丽乡村色彩体系创新研究——以湘西龙山头车村为例

针对美丽乡村建设的具体问题,以视知觉形式动力理论为基础,通过对乡村自然色彩、人工色彩和人文色彩进行研究,构建以人的视知觉体验为核心的美丽乡村色彩体系,通过对湘中南地区美丽乡村建设同步实证、完善,最终得出研究结论,以期完善美丽乡村建设规划理论,提升村民审美体验和乡村风貌品质,传承乡村文化,突出乡村特色,确保美丽乡村建设的质量。

双波段彩色融合图像色彩和谐性客观评价

针对现有的图像质量评价方法较少利用人眼视网膜和视觉皮层的颜色编码机制,并且未能充分考虑图像色彩信息对图像质量的影响,提出了一种基于多视觉特征的可见光(微光)与红外彩色融合图像色彩和谐性客观评价模型.该模型在图像质量评估中融入了更多的颜色信息,综合考虑多种人眼视觉特征包括视觉对立色彩特征、色彩信息波动特征和高级视觉内容特征,经过特征融合和支持向量回归训练,实现彩色融合图像的色彩和谐性客观评价.采用3种典型场景融合图像数据库进行实验比较与分析.实验结果表明,与现有的8种图像质量客观评价方法相比,所提出的方法与人眼主观感受更加一致,具有较高的预测准确度.

新型城市综合性地图集的设计方法研究

分析了国内城市综合性地图集的编纂情况,探讨了当今时代需求下城市综合地图集的设计思路,并以《上海市地图集》为例,从地图集的内容设计策略、表达策略和实践案例等方面阐述了图集的创新模式和设计方法研究成果。通过“多面体”“多向度”叙事化的逻辑架构设计将反映城市地理环境和文化脉络的多元时空专题信息拓展升级为既能彰显城市发展成就,又能支撑政府管理决策的综合性地图集,同时融入系统性的色彩设计、版式设计、符号设计和数据可视化方法,在理论和方法上为今后编制新型城市综合性地图集提供有效的参考和依据。

基于色彩心理学的天津意风区文创产品提升策略研究

意风区是天津旅游品牌形象构成的重要版块,二期工程的建设使其旅游进一步提升,但旅游品牌形象的提升相对滞后。目前意风区在旅游品牌定位、意式风情文化的深入挖掘和互动化情感化设计等方面存在不足。本文针对以上问题,以活化地域特色为研究方向,从色彩心理学角度出发对文化元素进行挖掘与提炼并对意风区的建筑色彩进行进一步提取与应用,打造具有意风区特色的文化衍生品,推导出意风区视觉形象的唯一性特征,提供有效的设计提升策略并解决以上问题,从而为意风区形象提升提供有价值的可能选择。