Different diagnostic procedures exist for the detection of bile duct lesions in clinical practice.However,neither retrograde contrast imaging of the bile duct endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram nor other ima...Different diagnostic procedures exist for the detection of bile duct lesions in clinical practice.However,neither retrograde contrast imaging of the bile duct endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram nor other imaging procedures allow a safe diagnosis of the lesions.Therefore choledochoscopy may be a useful diagnostic procedure in macroscopic assessing lesions of the bile duct.Even if the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity is not sufficient,first studies suggest an enhanced diagnostic accuracy for choledochoscopy.Since the progress of choledochoscopy has started in the 1970 different improvements were achieved.Meanwhile,the examination can be performed by an examiner and samples can be taken.Image and Resolution quality has improved over the past years,also.The SpyGlass system is a technically advanced cholangioscopic device to provide endoscopic diagnosis in case of inconclusive bile duct findings.Further more,two more lumina allow specific biopsy forceps and optical fibers for electrohydraulic or laser lithotripsy.The most frequent useful insert of SpyGlass in clinical practice are in complex gallstones and bile duct lesions of unclear dignity.展开更多
为了深入揭示国际有氧运动研究的动态,以Web of Science^(TM)核心合集收录国际有氧运动研究相关文献为研究对象,利用CiteSpaceⅢ分析软件对1969—2015年国际有氧运动研究的3 317篇文献进行科学计量和可视化分析,力图揭示国际有氧运动研...为了深入揭示国际有氧运动研究的动态,以Web of Science^(TM)核心合集收录国际有氧运动研究相关文献为研究对象,利用CiteSpaceⅢ分析软件对1969—2015年国际有氧运动研究的3 317篇文献进行科学计量和可视化分析,力图揭示国际有氧运动研究的热点与演化进程。研究结果表明:国际有氧运动研究发展呈多项式函数增长趋势,研究的主要力量集中在欧美等经济发达国家,形成了以体育科学为主导的多学科交叉群,研究的热点主要集中在有氧运动改善认知能力和心脏功能的效应、有氧运动训练与健康、运动风险、体躯成分与身体负荷的演变等方面的研究。近几年来,有氧运动研究不断引入到增强人体健康上,在研究演进过程中心血管疾病、力量训练、运动强度、体重控制、人体的炎症问题、胰岛素抵抗、代谢综合征、随机对照实验和抗阻训练逐渐演化为国际有氧运动研究的新趋势。展开更多
文摘Different diagnostic procedures exist for the detection of bile duct lesions in clinical practice.However,neither retrograde contrast imaging of the bile duct endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram nor other imaging procedures allow a safe diagnosis of the lesions.Therefore choledochoscopy may be a useful diagnostic procedure in macroscopic assessing lesions of the bile duct.Even if the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity is not sufficient,first studies suggest an enhanced diagnostic accuracy for choledochoscopy.Since the progress of choledochoscopy has started in the 1970 different improvements were achieved.Meanwhile,the examination can be performed by an examiner and samples can be taken.Image and Resolution quality has improved over the past years,also.The SpyGlass system is a technically advanced cholangioscopic device to provide endoscopic diagnosis in case of inconclusive bile duct findings.Further more,two more lumina allow specific biopsy forceps and optical fibers for electrohydraulic or laser lithotripsy.The most frequent useful insert of SpyGlass in clinical practice are in complex gallstones and bile duct lesions of unclear dignity.
文摘为了深入揭示国际有氧运动研究的动态,以Web of Science^(TM)核心合集收录国际有氧运动研究相关文献为研究对象,利用CiteSpaceⅢ分析软件对1969—2015年国际有氧运动研究的3 317篇文献进行科学计量和可视化分析,力图揭示国际有氧运动研究的热点与演化进程。研究结果表明:国际有氧运动研究发展呈多项式函数增长趋势,研究的主要力量集中在欧美等经济发达国家,形成了以体育科学为主导的多学科交叉群,研究的热点主要集中在有氧运动改善认知能力和心脏功能的效应、有氧运动训练与健康、运动风险、体躯成分与身体负荷的演变等方面的研究。近几年来,有氧运动研究不断引入到增强人体健康上,在研究演进过程中心血管疾病、力量训练、运动强度、体重控制、人体的炎症问题、胰岛素抵抗、代谢综合征、随机对照实验和抗阻训练逐渐演化为国际有氧运动研究的新趋势。
