Two-Dimensional Medical Image 3D Visualization System’s Realization

With the development of virtual reality application in the medical field, two-dimensional medical image of the three-dimensional visualization technology made possible. Surgery gets into minimally invasive operation microscopy Era, and gradually becomes a new research hotspot. This paper studies the realization of two-dimensional medical im-age 3D reconstruction visualization system method, and the overall process and management module. Using the main technology of VTK (The Visualization Toolkit) to achieve a two-dimensional medical image three-dimensional visua-lization system, which can help the physician to obtain help clinical diagnosis Information and play an important role in treatment, accurate positioning in diseased tissue and tumor early diagnosis.

3D segmentation and visualization of lung and its structures using CT images of the thorax

Computing systems have been playing an important role in various medical fields, notably in image diagnosis. Studies in the field of Computational Vision aim at developing techniques and systems capable of detecting various illnesses automatically. What has been highlighted among the existing exams that allow diagnosis aid and the application of computing systems in parallel is Computed Tomography (CT). CT enables the visualization of internal organs, such as the lung and its structures. Computational Vision systems extract information from the CT images by segmenting the regions of interest, and then recognize and identify details in those images. This work focuses on the segmentation phase of CT lung images with singularity-based techniques. Among these methods are the region growing (RG) technique and its 3D RG variations and the thresholding technique with multi-thresholding. The 3D RG method is applied to lung segmentation and from the 3D RG segments of the lung hilum, the multi-thresholding can segment the blood vessels, lung emphysema and the bones. The results of lung segmentation in this work were evaluated by two pulmonologists. The results obtained showed that these methods can integrate aid systems for medical diagnosis in the pulmonology field.

Estimation of Standard Splenic Volume in Saudi Arabian Adult Population: Using 3D Reconstruction of Abdominal CT Scan Images

Purpose: Spleen is enlarged in a variety of clinical conditions including infectious, infiltrative, immunologic and malignant states. Evaluation of splenic size is important in every physical examination of the abdomen by a physician. Determination of its size by palpation can be extremely inaccurate because spleen is never palpable till it is enlarged 2 to 3 times its own size. The accurate diagnosis of splenic enlargement is a matter of considerable importance as it is a useful guide for arriving at a diagnosis of the disease. It is therefore of utmost importance to resort to a mechanism that will give us an accurate estimation of the size of spleen. Aim of this work was to determine the normal range of spleen dimensions in average adult Saudi Arabian population and compare it with the published data. Methods: CT scans of 34 adult patients (male and female) aged between 20 - 70 years, having no splenic disorders, were collected from department of radio-diagnosis King Khalid Hospital Al-Kharj, KSA. Splenic volume was measured by two methods—by volumetric software and the prolate ellipsoid formula. Results: The average splenic volume of all subjects was 161.42 ± 54.91 cm3 with a range of 106 - 319 cm3. The average splenic volume of males was 196.95 ± 48.70 cm3 and that of female was 196.95 ± 26.97 cm3. Conclusions: These results provide normative data for evaluating patients with splenic enlargement.

Drishti Paint 3.2:a new open-source tool for both 2D and 3D segmentation

X-ray computed tomography(CT)has been an important technology in paleontology for several decades.It helps researchers to acquire detailed anatomical structures of fossils non-destructively.Despite its widespread application,developing an efficient and user-friendly method for segmenting CT data continues to be a formidable challenge in the field.Most CT data segmentation software operates on 2D interfaces,which limits flexibility for real-time adjustments in 3D segmentation.Here,we introduce Curves Mode in Drishti Paint 3.2,an open-source tool for CT data segmentation.Drishti Paint 3.2 allows users to manually or semi-automatically segment the CT data in both 2D and 3D environments,providing a novel solution for revisualizing CT data in paleontological studies.

Research on CT characteristics reconstruction technology

The traditional computed tomography(CT)reconstruction methods are noisy,low resolution,poor contrast,and generally not suitable to detect the smaller flaws.Besides,the filter design is also difficult.The CT characteristics reconstruction technology was brought forward to improve in these aspects,which is defined to directly reconstruct the characteristics of the projection for the best requirements not the overall image quality.The two-dimension(2D)and three-dimension(3D)CT characteristics reconstruction algorithm were firstly introduced,then by detailed analysis,experimental results and comparsion of parameters calculated,its advantages in keeping better high-frequency feature,better noise immunity,short time-consuming and easier design are verified.

3-D Visualization of Medical Images with Arbitrary Sections

In this paper, with the general retrospect to the research on surface reconstruction and the marching cubes algorithm, we gave detailed description of an algorithm on the construction of object surfaces. The possible ambiguity problem in the original marching cubes algorithm was eliminated by its index mechanism. Some results on the MRI images were presented. Based on extracting and clipping contours from a set of medial slice images and setting the patch vertices values according to the gray images, this algorithm may be applied to form the arbitrary section images with three dimensional effects. It can also enhance the visual effect and interpretation of medical data.

PC-BASED SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION OF MEDICAL CT IMAGES

It is an active research area to reconstruct 3-D object and display its visible surfacesfrom cross-sectional images. In this paper, the methods of reconstructing 3-D object from medicalCT images and displaying the visible surfaces are discussed. A polygon approximation methodthat forms polygon with the same number of segment points and a fast interpolation method forcross-sectional contours are presented at first. Then the voxel set of a human liver is reconstructed.And then the liver voxel set is displayed using depth and gradient shading methods. The softwareis written in C programming language at a microcomputer image processing system with a PC/ATcomputer as the host and a PC-VISION board as the image processing unit. The result of theprocessing is satisfying.

Visualization of Three-dimensional Human Data Based on CT Image

Three-dimensional medical image visualization becomes an essential part for medical field, including computer aided diagnosis, surgery planning and simulation, artificial limb surgery, radiotherapy planning, and teaching etc. In this paper, marching cubes algorithm is adopted to reconstruct the 3-D images for the CT image sequence in DICOM format under theVC＋＋6.0 and the visual package VTK platform. The relatively simple interactive operations such as rotation and transfer can be realized on the platform. Moreover, the normal vector and interior point are calculated to form the virtual clipping plane, which is then used to incise the 3-D object. Information of the virtual slice can be obtained, in the mean while the virtual slice images are displayed on the screen. The technique can realize the real time interaction extraction of virtual slice on 3-D CT image. The cuboids structured can be zoomed, moved and eircumrotated by operating mouse to incise the 3-D reconstruction object. Real time interaction can be realized by clipping the reconstruction object. The coordinates can be acquired by the mouse clicking in the 3D space, to realize the point mouse pick-up as well angle and distance interactive measurement. We can get quantitative information about 3-D images through measurement.

Bioturbation Patterns in the Modern Subaqueous Yellow River Delta and Their Implication for Sedimentary Environment Changes

Bioturbation is one of the important processes that affect the structure and function of sedimentary environments.The particle mixing and element migration processes caused by bioturbation can interfere with the circulation of matter and the explanation of sedimentary records.Therefore,the quantitative characterization of bioturbation structures in the sedimentary sequence is of great significance in the field of sedimentology.Estuaries,where fresh and saltwater mix,exhibit high ecological heterogeneity and biodiversity,making them ideal places to explore bioturbation.This paper targets the subaqueous Yellow River Delta to quantitatively characterize bioturbation structures and their spatial distribution patterns using computed tomography(CT)scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction technology.By combining sediment characteristics and sedimentary environment analysis,the main factors affecting bioturbation structures are elucidated.The results show that bioturbation structures in the subaqueous Yellow River Delta can be divided into four types based on their morphology:uniaxial type,biaxial type,triaxial type,and multiaxial type.Skolithos,Palaeophycus in the uniaxial type,and Thalassinoides in the multiaxial type are the most developed structures.Different types of bioturbation may be constructed by trace-making organisms belonging to the same category or functional group.The intensity of bioturbation in this area ranges from 0 to 4%,with a decreasing trend from nearshore to offshore.There is a downward decreasing trend in the intensity of bioturbation overall in the sedimentary cores,with three vertical distribution patterns:exponential decay pattern,fluctuating decay pattern,and impulsive pattern.The impulsive pattern of bioturbation in a core may indicate the abrupt change in sedimentary environment induced by the Yellow River channel shift in 1996.These results suggest that factors affecting the development of bioturbation include grain size,porosity,consolidation,organic matter content of sediments,and sedimentation rate that is mainly influenced by local hydrodynamic conditions.The environment with clayey silt(average grain size 10μm)and moderate sedimentation rate(around 0.5 cm yr^(-1))is the most suitable area for the development of bioturbation in the Yellow River subaqueous delta.

多层螺旋CT血管成像在颈内动脉起始部狭窄介入治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)在颈内动脉起始部狭窄的血管内介入治疗的应用。方法回顾性分析42例颈内动脉起始部狭窄行血管内介入诊疗的MSCTA影像资料,总结这些资料在该病治疗中的应用价值。结果MSCTA检查均能获得明确诊断。通过多平面重建测量42例84侧颈内动脉起始部的面积狭窄百分率,其中面积狭窄百分比≤50%者15支,狭窄程度在50%～70%者17支,>70%者30支,闭塞者4支,单侧正常者18例。MSCT重建技术能显示斑块及狭窄管腔内部形态。结论MSCTA可直观地显示颈内动脉起始部狭窄程度及斑块性质,在颈内动脉起始部支架内再狭窄的评价中起着重要作用。

基于CT扫描的计算机模拟薄木刨切

基于CT扫描和计算机模拟技术,本文介绍了一种制定原木截断和木方锯剖方案的方法。通过扫描获得原木内部结构的相关信息、图象处理和三维重建,在计算机上进行原木模拟刨切加工,并在屏幕上显示虚拟刨切薄木的图象。可对同一木段进行多方案的重复加工,通过对显示图象的比较分析,制定出优化加工方案。

下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的MSCTA的诊断价值

目的探讨下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的多排螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)的诊断价值。方法对48例临床诊断为下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者行MSCTA检查,同时行DSA检查和/或手术治疗。MSCTA检查包括MIP、VR、MPR和CTVE重建。结果48例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的MSCTA均能获得准确的诊断,与DSA和手术结果比较,其敏感性、特异性和准确性均为100%。通过多平面重建测量其面积狭窄百分比,以狭窄程度最严重处为准,表现为轻度狭窄者3例,中度狭窄8例,重度狭窄16例,闭塞21例。MSCT重建技术能显示斑块及狭窄管腔内部形态。结论MSCTA可直观地显示下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的狭窄程度,有利于术前评价。

螺旋CT三维重建在四肢复杂小关节外伤中的诊断价值

目的:探讨CT三维重建成像对诊断四肢复杂小关节外伤的价值。方法:16例四肢复杂小关节外伤患者,行螺旋CT薄层扫描,进行三维重建(MPR,SSD,VR)。结果:三维技术共显示5例跟骨粉碎性骨折,3例距骨骨折,1例跗跖关节脱位,1例踝关节肿胀,1例踝关节多发骨折,2例腕关节多发骨折,1例舟状骨骨折,2例月骨周围脱位伴腕骨多发骨折。结论:三维重建能充分利用CT图像信息,在三维空间中直观地显示骨折的特征,有较大的临床应用价值。

143例地震伤的影像诊断特点

回顾性分析143例地震伤的影像学及临床资料,以探讨地震伤的影像诊断特点。143例患者均行X线平片检查,78例行CT检查,19例行MRI检查。四肢骨折81例,单发骨折34例,多发骨折47例,开放性骨折6例,闭合性骨折75例。关节脱位14例,软组织内异物5例,膝关节半月板损伤1例,气性坏疽1例。脑硬膜外血肿4例,颅内血肿2例,脑挫裂伤9例,肾挫伤2例、肝挫伤1例。22例脊椎地震伤患者中,脊椎压缩骨折20例,爆裂性骨折2例。单发椎体骨折12例,多发椎体骨折10例,共累及31个椎体。31个椎体骨折中,颈椎3个,胸椎12个,腰椎14个,骶椎2个。30例胸部地震伤均为复合伤,其中肋骨骨折18例,胸椎骨折8例,肩胛骨骨折3例,锁骨骨折3例,胸骨骨折1例,胸壁软组织伤5例,肺挫裂伤5例,肺内血肿1例,肺部感染4例,气胸及液气胸6例,双侧胸腔积液1例。

颈椎可视化的初步研究

目的 :进行计算机辅助的颈椎三维图像研究。方法 :取人尸体材料的颈椎 ,行 CT薄层连续扫描 ,将图像数据转至计算机中 ,实现计算机辅助的 CT图像的三维重建 ,并进行三维精确测量。结果 :重建图像从形态和大小上与实际标本相一致。重建图像可任意旋转和多视角地检测。结论 :该三维重建方法为颈椎推拿手法的研究提供了一条崭新的方法和思路。

基于网络的颅面部计算机三维重建和虚拟解剖

目的:研究基于网络重建颅面部组织的三维图像,并进行虚拟解剖。方法:2例人头面部 Light-Speed CT扫描的原始数据,经对原始图像传输,读取后,兴趣区选择,利用Java编制基于网络运行的三维重建软件对其进行重建和解剖虚拟。结果:重建出的颅面部图像逼真,分层显示,能任意角度旋转,任意厚度多次切割和恢复。同时能三维显示切除的组织结构。结论:实现了颅面部组织在Interner网上的重建和解剖虚拟,为计算机辅助解剖提供一条新的软件系统。

腭部肿瘤的多排螺旋CT诊断

目的探讨腭部恶性肿瘤的多排螺旋CT(multi-slice spiral CT,MSCT)的检查方法和诊断价值。方法通过调整舌和口腔的位置对28例研究对象进行常规法、伸舌法、抵舌法和发音法MSCT扫描,并进行容积再现、多平面重建、最大密度投影及CT仿真内窥镜重建。结果合理选择常规法、伸舌法、抵舌法和发音法MSCT扫描检查可获得符合诊断的影像图像,18例腭部病变者经MSCT检查发现病变位于软腭10例,硬腭7例,软腭及硬腭交界处1例,MSCT的定位诊断与临床符合率为100%。15例恶性腭部肿瘤的MSCT表现为腭部局限性肿块者15例,腭骨质破坏6例,邻近结构受累及者5例,颈部淋巴结转移4例。3例腭部良性病变者MSCT表现为腭部软组织弥漫性增厚。结论 MSCT有利于显示腭部肿瘤的形态特征以及侵犯途径,并有利于临床治疗和预后评估。

三维数字模型在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科手术中的应用

目的了解三维数字模型在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科手术中的应用价值。方法依据41例术前CT断层扫描数据,通过计算机辅助设计(Automation Computer Aided Design,AutoCAD)和SketchUp软件构建三维数字模型,提供任意视野观察,进行手术计划,虚拟术后术腔的空间变化,与术中及术后图像对比。结果成功构建鼻腔、鼻窦、颞骨、颈部及相邻解剖结构的三维模型,为耳鼻咽喉头颈外科手术入路提供帮助,使用者可与模型进行交互作用并可任意操作模型(包括射线模式,内部观察),术中随时观察,为手术计划提供准确的形态信息。结论AutoCAD及SketchUp构建三维数字模型,方法简单可行,并可用于耳鼻咽喉头颈外科的解剖教学和手术模拟,证实了其临床应用的价值。

螺旋CT在胰腺癌检查中的价值

目的 :研究螺旋CT对早期胰腺癌的检查方法和诊断 ,以及对胰腺癌侵犯周围血管的判断。方法 :对 2 8例胰腺癌行螺旋CT平扫及双期增强扫描 ,平扫层厚 10 .0mm ,螺距为 1,对病变部位重建为 5 .0mm层厚。强化采用高压注射器 ,非离子型对比剂 ,按体重 1.5ml/Kg ,注射速度为 2 .5～ 3ml/s,层厚 6mm ,螺距为 1.5 ,延时 35s和 70s双期扫描 ,并行血管三维重建。结果 :2 8例均显示有胰腺肿块 ,其中肿块≤ 2cm者 5例 (18% ) ,SCT平扫 2 8例中肿块呈等密度者 3例 (10 .7% ) ,而该 3例肿块中有 2例 <2cm ,强化延时 35s扫描 ,2 0例肿块无明显强化 ,8例轻度强化。 2 6例显示胰螺轮廓异常及胰周脂肪间隙模糊或消失 ,2 7例不同程度胆道梗阻 ,2 4例肠系膜上静脉受压移位及脂肪间隙模糊或消失 ,16例肿块包绕肠系膜上静脉半周以上 ,经最大密度三维血管重建显示肠系膜上静脉狭窄、扭曲及充盈缺损者 15例 ,门静脉狭窄 1例。结论 :①螺旋CT平扫及双期强化扫描有利于早期胰腺癌的检出 ;②螺旋CT多层面重建及三维血管重建提高了判断胰腺癌侵犯周围血管的准确性。

螺旋CT胆道立体成像对胆道梗阻性疾病诊断价值的研究

目的 评价螺旋 CT胆道立体成像对胆道梗阻性疾病的诊断价值。材料与方法 静脉注射胆道对比剂 Biliscopin,对胆道不显影者给予血管对比剂。 83例胆道梗阻性疾病患者均行上腹部螺旋 CT容积扫描 ,在工作站利用软件将图像处理后得到胆道系统立体图像。结果 5 0例胆道显影者中 ,以胆管结石、炎症和胰腺炎致胆道梗阻多见 ,占 48例 ;33例胆道不显影者中 ,以胆管癌、胰头或壶腹癌多见 ,占 2 3例。螺旋 CT胆道立体成像可以很好显示梗阻部位以上胆管扩张的程度和形态 ,可准确确定梗阻部位以及梗阻的原因 ,区别肿瘤、结石或炎症等。结论 螺旋 CT胆道立体成像作为一种准确而无创伤性的检查方法 。