CdTe quantum dots as fluorescence sensor for the determination of vitamin B6 in aqueous solution

A novel, rapid and simple CdTe quantum dots （QDs） based technology platform was established for selective and sensitive determination of vitamin B6 in aqueous solution. It can perform accurate and reproducible quantification of vitamin B6 in pharmaceutical with satisfactory results.

Iron versus Iron and Vitamin B6 Supplementation in Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia during Second Trimester of Pregnancy: Quasi Experimental Trial

Background: Anemia is one of the most prevalent complications during pregnancy. It is commonly considered a risk factor for poor pregnancy outcomes and can result in complications that threaten the life of both mother and fetus, such as preterm birth, and low birth weight. There is clear evidence to support prompt treatment in all patients with iron deficiency anemia because it is known that treatment improves quality of life and physical condition as well as alleviates fatigue and cognitive deficits. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the value of addition of vitamin B6 to iron in treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women during the second trimester. Patients and Methods: The study was done by giving anemia pregnant women iron therapy and vitamin B6 which represent group A and iron therapy alone which represents group B. For each pregnant woman, age, parity and gestational history were taken before treatment. All pregnant women took their allocated treatment regularly for three weeks after diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia with complete blood picture and followed up after three weeks. Results: Results of the study revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of therapy according to the hemoglobin level before treatment (p-value = 0.734), statistically significant higher mean value in after treatment than before treatment (p-value = 0.048), there was a significant difference in the rate of change of hemoglobin (p-value = 0.011) and body mass index (p-value 0.001). Conclusion: Iron and vitamin B6 seems to increase hemoglobin level more than iron only. Thus, in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia iron plus vitamin B6 may be considered as a more effective alternative treatment than iron only.

Vitamin B6 and Lipid Contents in Engraulisjaponica Specifically Caught for Production of Japanese Soup Stock

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between percentage of body lipid and individual vitamin B6 contents in the anchovy used for production of Japanese soup stock. The contents of individual vitamin B6 compound in foods should be determined to estimate the functionality of foods. Anchovies （Engraulisjaponica） for use as production of iriko, which is a raw material for preparation of Japanese soup stock, were caught using a medium-sized purse seine on May 26th, June 1st, and July 6th 2011 in Tachibana Bay, Nagasaki, Japan. Vitamin B6 contents were analyzed by 4-pyridoxolacone-coversion （all-enzymatic） HPLC. The relationship between body length, lipid content and the individual contents of vitamin B6 compounds in the anchovies was determined. The propriety of anchovies for iriko preparation could not be estimated based on the appearance of length of fishes. The anchovies were rich in vitamin B6, especially pyridoxamine 5＇-phosphate, which may prevent diabetic complications. The percentage of body lipid significantly showed a negative correlation with the content of pyridoxamine 5＇-phosphate. The contents of the other vitamin B6 compounds did not show the significant correlation with the percentage of body lipid.

Vitamin B6 and colorectal cancer:Current evidence and future directions

Colorectal cancer remains the third most common cancer in both women and men worldwide.Identifying modifiable dietary factors is crucial in developing primary prevention strategies.Vitamin B6 is involved in more than 100 coenzyme reactions,and may influence colorectal cancer risk in multiple ways including through its role in one-carbon metabolism related DNA synthesis and methylation and by reducing inflammation,cell proliferation,and oxidative stress.Observational studies of dietary or dietary plus supplementary intake of vitamin B6 and colorectal cancer risk have been inconsistent with most studies reporting nonsignificant positive or inverse associations.However,published studies of plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate(the active form of vitamin B6) levels consistently support an approximately 30%-50% reduction in risk of colorectal cancer comparing high with low concentrations.The reasons for the discrepancy in the results between dietary-based and plasma-based studies remain unresolved.Other unresolved questions include the effects of vitamin B6 intake in early life(i.e.,childhood or adolescence) and of suboptimal vitamin B6 status on colorectal cancer risk,whether the associations with vitamin B6 differ across molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer,and whether the vitamin B6-colorectal cancer association is modified by genetic variants of one-carbon metabolism.

Post-Marketing Surveillance of Fixed Dose Combination of Methylcobalamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Folic Acid, Biotin, Benfotiamine &Vitamin B6-Nutripathy for the Management of Peripheral Neuropathy

Background: Peripheral neuropathy is a commonly encountered troublesome condition which is often disabling & worsens when left untreated. Traditional neuropathic pain medications primarily provide symptomatic relief;however, the pathogenesis of nerve damage remains unresolved. Extensive literature survey reveals that patients with peripheral neuropathy experience significant benefits with the use of B-vitamins like methylcobalamin (B12), folic acid (B9), biotin (B7), benfotiamine (B1) and pyridoxine (B6). The other well documented antineuropathic agents include alpha lipoic acid, glutathione, omega fatty acids, myoinositol, certain trace elements, etc. Materials and Methods: A multicentre, prospective, open-label, non-comparative clinical study was carried out in 497 patients with peripheral neuropathy. A fixed dose combination of methylcobalamin, alpha lipoic acid (ALA), folic acid, biotin, benfotiamine & vitamin B6 capsule was orally administered once daily for 12 weeks. Results: Treatment led to significant reduction from baseline score in various neuropathy symptoms from the 4th week itself. After 12 weeks of treatment, the mean pain score declined by 78.0%, numbness by 92.1% and muscle weakness by 96.9%. Also, there was 96.0% & 99.2% reduction in tingling & burning sensation respectively. No serious adverse events were reported.Conclusion: The current study confirms that fixed dose combination of methylcobalamin, ALA, folic acid, biotin, benfotiamine & vitamin B6 is effective & well tolerated in the management of peripheral neuropathy.

Plasma Accumulations of Vitamin B6 from an Oral Dose in a New Reversible Model for Mouse Gut Injury and Regeneration

Chemically based rodent models are used to assess the positive effects promoted by foods and gut microbiota on gut health. Lectins with enzymatic activity, such as type 2 ribosome-inactivating proteins, might also prove useful for exploring these issues. Sub-lethal doses of the lectin nigrin from Sambucus nigra L. to mice promoted reversible derangement of gut epithelium by induction of apoptosis of transit amplifying cells of the small intestine crypts in a time-dependent course. The present work seeks to study vitamin B6 accumulation in plasma from an oral bolus in a mouse nigrin model. 24 h after sub-lethal nigrin b treatment, there was clear body weight reduction associated to a notable increase in Evan’s blue stain accumulation in excised small intestine, an increase in myeloperoxidase activity, and a near 50% reduction in plasma accumulation of vitamin B6. Histological analysis of small intestine sections of nigrin b-treated animals also revealed significant derangement of intestinal crypts. Seventy two hours after nigrin b treatment, stain uptake decreased and vitamin B6 accumulation was almost restored despite villi derangement. Large intestine crypts were scarcely or not at all affected. Eight days after nigrin b treatment, vitamin B6 uptake and intestinal crypt structure had fully recovered. The nigrin b mice model supports the view that, under these conditions, the carrier-mediated vitamin B6 uptake component of the small intestine crypts is probably the most active when the vitamin is administered orally as a bolus. The findings provide insights into the suitability of the present mice model for nutritional or drug absorption studies in conditions of partially altered or injured intestinal mucosa.

Voltammetric Determination of Vitamin B6 at Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Gold Nanoparticles and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

In this work, the gold nanoparticles (Au NPs)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the assemble process of the composite film. In pH 7.0 PBS, a oxidation peak of the vitamin B6 (VB6) was only observed at composite film modified electrode. Under the optimized conditions, the current intensity was linear with the concentrations of VB6 in the range of 1.59 to 102.74 μg●mL–1 with a detection limit of 0.53 μg●mL–1 (S/N = 3). The modified electrode had been applied in medication analysis, and obtained good results.

Engineering and finetuning expression of SerC for balanced metabolic flux in vitamin B6 production

Vitamin B6 plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism and stress response,making it an essential component for growth in all known organisms.However,achieving efficient biosynthesis of vitamin B6 faces the challenge of maintaining a balanced distribution of metabolic flux between growth and production.In this study,our focus is on addressing this challenge through the engineering of phosphoserine aminotransferase(SerC)to resolve its redundancy and promiscuity.The enzyme SerC was semi-designed and screened based on sequences and predicted kcat values,respectively.Mutants and heterologous proteins showing potential were then fine-tuned to optimize the production of vitamin B6.The resulting strain enhances the production of vitamin B6,indicating that different fluxes are distributed to the biosynthesis pathway of serine and vitamin B6.This study presents a promising strategy to address the challenge posed by multifunctional enzymes,with significant implications for enhancing biochemical production through engineering processes.

Fusarium-produced vitamin B6 promotes the evasion of soybean resistance by Phytophthora sojae

Plants can be infected by multiple pathogens concurrently in natural systems. However,pathogen–pathogen interactions have rarely been studied. In addition to the oomycete Phytophthora sojae, fungi such as Fusarium spp. also cause soybean root rot. In a 3-year field investigation, we discovered that P. sojae and Fusarium spp. frequently coexisted in diseased soybean roots. Out of 336 P. sojae–soybean–Fusarium combinations,more than 80% aggravated disease. Different Fusarium species all enhanced P. sojae infection when co-inoculated on soybean. Treatment with Fusarium secreted non-proteinaceous metabolites had an effect equal to the direct pathogen coinoculation. By screening a Fusarium graminearum mutant library, we identified Fusarium promoting factor of Phytophthora sojae infection 1(Fpp1),encoding a zinc alcohol dehydrogenase. Fpp1 is functionally conserved in Fusarium and contributes to metabolite-mediated infection promotion, in which vitamin B6(VB6) produced by Fusarium is key. Transcriptional and functional analyses revealed that Fpp1 regulates two VB6 metabolism genes, and VB6 suppresses expression of soybean disease resistance-related genes. These results reveal that co-infection with Fusarium promotes loss of P. sojae resistance in soybean, information that will inform the sustainable use of diseaseresistant crop varieties and provide new strategies to control soybean root rot.

Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Vitamin B6 by 4-Hydroxy- 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl

The electrochemistry of pyridoxine (vitamin B6, VB6) was studied by cyclic voltammetry at a glassy carbon electrode. The electrochemical response of VB6 could be significantly enhanced by using 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetra- methylpiperidine-N-oxyl (HO-TEMPO) as a mediator via an electrocatalytic EC' mechanism with the oxoammo-nium ion of HO-TEMPO as the active oxidant. The catalytic rate constant was determined to be 5.4×103 (mol L-1)-1s-1 by using chronoamperometry.

root uv-b sensitive Mutants Are Suppressed by Specific Mutations in ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE2 and by Exogenous Vitamin B6

Vitamin B6 （vitB6） serves as an essential cofactor for more than 140 enzymes. Pyridoxal 5＇-phosphate （PLP）, active cofactor form of vitB6, can be photolytically destroyed by trace amounts of ultraviolet-B （UV-B）. How sun-exposed organisms cope with PLP photosensitivity and modulate vitB6 homeostasis is currently unknown. We previously reported on two Arabidopsis mutants, rusl and rus2, that are hypersensitive to trace amounts of UV-B light. We performed mutagenesis screens for second-site suppressors of the rus mutant phenotype and identified mutations in the ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE2 （ASP2） gene. ASP2 encodes for cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase （AAT）, a PLP-dependent enzyme that plays a key role in carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Genetic analyses have shown that specific amino acid substitutions in ASP2 override the phenotypes of rusl and rus2 single mutants as well as rusl rus2 double mutant. These substitutions, all shown to reside at specific positions in the PLP-binding pocket, resulted in no PLP binding. Additional asp2 mutants that abolish AAT enzymatic activity, but which alter amino acids outside of the PLP-binding pocket, fail to suppress the rus phenotype. Furthermore, exogenously adding vitB6 in growth media can rescue both rusl and rus2. Our data suggest that AAT plays a role in vitB6 homeostasis in Arabidopsis.

Vitamin B6 regulates IL-33 homeostasis to alleviate type 2 inflammation

Interleukin-33(IL-33)is a crucial nuclear cytokine that induces the type 2 immune response and maintains immune homeostasis.The fine-tuned regulation of IL-33 in tissue cells is critical to control of the type 2 immune response in airway inflammation,but the mechanism is still unclear.Here,we found that healthy individuals had higher phosphate-pyridoxal(PLP,an active form of vitamin B6)concentrations in the serum than asthma patients.Lower serum PLP concentrations in asthma patients were strongly associated with worse lung function and inflammation.In a mouse model of lung inflammation,we revealed that PLP alleviated the type 2 immune response and that this inhibitory effect relied on the activity of IL-33.A mechanistic study showed that in vivo,pyridoxal(PL)needed to be converted into PLP,which inhibited the type 2 response by regulating IL-33 stability.In mice heterozygous for pyridoxal kinase(PDXK),the conversion of PL to PLP was limited,and IL-33 levels were increased in the lungs,aggravating type 2 inflammation.Furthermore,we found that the mouse double minute 2 homolog(MDM2)protein,an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase,could ubiquitinate the N-terminus of IL-33 and sustain IL-33 stability in epithelial cells.PLP reduced MDM2-mediated IL-33 polyubiquitination and decreased the level of IL-33 through the proteasome pathway.In addition,inhalation of PLP alleviated asthma-related effects in mouse models.In summary,our data indicate that vitamin B6 regulates MDM2-mediated IL-33 stability to constrain the type 2 response,which might help develop a potential preventive and therapeutic agent for allergy-related diseases.

The bacterial effector AvrRxo1 inhibits vitamin B6 biosynthesis to promote infection in rice

Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzicola(Xoc),which causes rice bacterial leaf streak,invades leaves mainly through stomata,which are often closed as a plant immune response against pathogen invasion.How Xoc overcomes stomatal immunity is unclear.Here,we show that the effector protein AvrRxo1,an ATPdependent protease,enhances Xoc virulence and inhibits stomatal immunity by targeting and degrading rice OsPDX1(pyridoxal phosphate synthase),thereby reducing vitamin B6(VB6)levels in rice.VB6 is required for the activity of aldehyde oxidase,which catalyzes the last step of abscisic acid(ABA)biosynthesis,and ABA positively regulates rice stomatal immunity against Xoc.Thus,we provide evidence supporting a model in which a major bacterial pathogen inhibits plant stomatal immunity by directly targeting VB6 biosynthesis and consequently inhibiting the biosynthesis of ABA in guard cells to open stomata.Moreover,AvrRxo1-mediated VB6 targeting also explains the poor nutritional quality,including low VB6 levels,of Xoc-infected rice grains.

维生素B6联合鼠神经生长因子治疗难治性癫痫

目的探讨维生素B6联合鼠神经生长因子治疗难治性癫痫(refractory epilepsy,RE)患儿的疗效。方法选取RE患儿89例,根据住院号随机分为观察组(n=43)和对照组(n=46)。对照组在原抗癫痫药物治疗基础上联合应用左乙拉西坦片,观察组在对照组基础上辅助应用维生素B6联合鼠神经生长因子治疗。比较两组患儿临床疗效,治疗前后外周血miR-99a-5p、miR-125b-5p、泛素羧基末端水解酶L1(ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1,UCH-L1)水平变化和对脑电活动的影响,评估患儿智力水平和生活质量改善情况。结果观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组miR-99a-5p、miR-125b-5p、UCH-L1和θ波水平,均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组语言智商、操作智商和总智商评分,儿童癫痫生活质量量表(quality of life in childhood epilepsy,QOLCE)总分,均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论维生素B6联合鼠神经生长因子治疗难治性癫痫效果较佳,可显著降低患儿外周血miR-99a-5p、miR-125b-5p、UCH-L1水平,控制脑电活动,从而改善患儿智力水平和生活质量。

TACE术后联合斑蝥酸钠维生素B6治疗原发性肝癌患者近期疗效研究

目的探讨肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞(TACE)术后联合斑蝥酸钠维生素B6治疗原发性肝癌(PLC)患者的近期疗效。方法2019年1月~2022年1月我院收治的84例PLC患者,对照组42例接受TACE治疗,另42例观察组接受TACE术后联合斑蝥酸钠维生素B6静脉滴注治疗,术后随访1年。采用化学荧光法检测血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平,采用化学发光免疫分析法检测血清糖类抗原125(CA125)水平,采用直接化学发光法检测血清糖类抗原199(CA199)水平,采用酶法检测血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平,采用硝酸盐还原法检测血清一氧化氮(NO)水平,采用增强化学发光免疫分析法检测血清内皮素(ET-1)水平。结果观察组完全缓解率、部分缓解率、疾病稳定率和疾病进展率分别为7.1%、42.9%、38.1%和4.8%,而对照组则分别为7.1%、40.5%、19.1%和26.2%,其中观察组疾病稳定率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组血清AFP、CA125和CA199水平分别为(540.4±87.1)μg/L、(28.1±9.1)kU/L和(18.0±4.8)kU/L,显著低于对照组【分别为(831.2±94.8)μg/L、(36.0±10.4)kU/L和(24.1±4.6)kU/L,P<0.05】;观察组血清Hcy和ET-1水平分别为(14.1±3.6)μmol/L和(66.1±10.3)ng/L,显著低于对照组【分别为(18.4±4.3)μmol/L和(80.2±12.1)ng/L,P<0.05】;观察组胃肠道反应发生率为16.7%,显著低于对照组的40.5%(P<0.05);两组1 a生存率无显著性差异(84.2%对76.9%,P>0.05)。结论在TACE术后应用斑蝥酸钠维生素B6静脉滴注可以减轻胃肠道反应,并可能改善内皮细胞功能。

碱性高锰酸钾三波长分光光度法测定维生素B6的含量

基于在氢氧化钠介质中高锰酸钾与维生素B6可发生氧化还原反应产生绿色的锰酸钾,显色产物最大吸收波长分别位于420 nm和600 nm,同时使高锰酸钾褪色,褪色波长位于525 nm,提出了高锰酸钾三波长可见分光光度测定维生素B6含量的新方法。在以上三波长下,维生素B6浓度的线性范围分别为2~14 mg·L^(-1)、2~14 mg·L^(-1)和2~18 mg·L^(-1)。本研究所拟方法成功地测定了维生素B6原料药、片剂和注射液的含量,结果与紫外光度法所测一致。

维生素B6通过DOK3/NF-κB信号通路调控肺动脉高压血管重构

目的探讨维生素B6(Vit B6)对肺动脉高压大鼠组织病理及DOK3/核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路的影响。方法将30只雄性SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为实验组、模型组和对照组,每组10只,实验组、模型组给予野百合碱处理,实验组饲料中添加Vit B6,对照组给生理盐水,处理28 d。比较三组处理后大鼠血流动力学数据、组织病理和组织DOK3、NF-κB的表达水平。结果模型组及实验组的右心室收缩压(RVSP)高于对照组,提示造模成功。实验组、模型组右心室肥厚指数、RVSP、管壁厚度(WT)、肌层面积与血管总面积比值(WA)均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组织中DOK3、NF-κB的表达水平上升;给予Vit B6喂养后大鼠肺动脉高压指标显著改善,DOK3、NF-κB的表达下降,实验组与对照组的DOK3/NF-κB比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论Vit B6可通过DOK3/NF-κB信号通路改善肺动脉高压的血管重构。

间苯三酚联合维生素B6治疗妊娠剧吐的效果观察

目的分析间苯三酚联合维生素B6治疗妊娠剧吐的效果。方法通过随机数字表法将2020年5月至2022年5月菏泽市中医医院收治的60例妊娠剧吐孕妇分为对照组(30例)和观察组(30例),对照组给予维生素B6治疗,观察组给予维生素B6+间苯三酚治疗,记录两组的治疗相关时间、妊娠恶心呕吐专用量表(PUQE)评分、妊娠恶心呕吐生活质量量表(NVPQOL)和不良反应发生率。结果观察组呕吐改善、尿酮体转阴和住院时间与对照组相比较短(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,观察组治疗后PUQE、NVPQOL评分较低(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论间苯三酚与维生素B6联合应用具有较高的安全性,用药后可有效加强孕妇胃肠运动,改善进食欲望,并减轻呕吐症状,有利于促使孕妇康复,进而提升其生活质量。

维生素B6施用时间和剂量对富士苹果品质的影响

【目的】探讨不同时期土施不同剂量维生素B6后对果实营养品质和香气品质的影响,为提高富士果实品质提供新的营养途径。【方法】于2013年和2014年在山东蒙阴县进行了富士苹果田间试验。试验设两个施用时间分别为4月和6月,在富士苹果距主干60 cm处土施维生素B6,剂量分别为0、3、5、7 g/plant。果实成熟时测定果实的氮磷钾含量、可溶性固形物、Vc等营养品质指标及香气物质成分。【结果】2013年和2014年果实中氮、磷、钾含量均以4月份施B6 7 g/plant处理最高,与对照差异显著。4月、6月份土施B6 7 g/plant处理的各项品质指标基本都显著高于对照,同等剂量不同施用时间果实各测定指标4月与6月份之间差异显著（除2014年硬度外）。2013年和2014年施用7 g/plant处理的总酯类挥发性物质的相对含量都显著高于对照。酯类物质中2-甲基丁酸乙酯的相对含量在2013年和2014年的所有处理（除2013年4月施用3 g/plant和2014年6月施用7 g/plant处理外）都明显高于当年对照。两年中4月施用7 g/plant处理果实中的2-甲基丁酸乙酯的含量在当年处理中最高,并与其它处理存在显著差异。果实中丁酸乙酯、己酸乙酯、2-甲基丁酸丁酯、2-甲基丁酸异丙酯相对含量在2013年和2014年4月和6月施用7 g/plant处理中都明显高于对照。【结论】4月施用维生素B6提高果实的营养品质和单果重效果最佳,6月施用提高果实的香气品质更佳;本研究条件下,维生素B6的适宜用量为5~7 g/plant。

维生素B6对利奈唑胺相关性血细胞减少影响的回顾性研究

目的观察维生素B6辅助治疗对利奈唑胺相关性红细胞、血小板减少的作用。方法采用回顾性分析,将利奈唑胺治疗的肺部感染患者38例,根据是否应用维生素B6,分为利奈唑胺组和联合用药组,研究维生素B6对红细胞和血小板的作用。结果利奈唑胺组的红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞比积(Hct)及血小板(Plt)与用药前比较减低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而联合用药组仅血小板计数有下降的趋势,其他指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论维生素B6在预防利奈唑胺相关性红细胞和血小板减少方面有一定的作用,以红细胞更为明显。