Prehepatic portal hypertension induces a splanchnic low-grade inflammatory response that could switch to high-grade inflammation with the development of severe and life-threatening complications when associated with c...Prehepatic portal hypertension induces a splanchnic low-grade inflammatory response that could switch to high-grade inflammation with the development of severe and life-threatening complications when associated with chronic liver disease. The extraembryonic origin of the portal system maybe determines the regression to an extraembryonic phenotype, i.e., vitellogenic and amniotic, during the evolution of both types of portal hypertension. Thus, prehepatic portal hypertension, or compensated hypertension by portal vein ligation in the rat, is associated with molecular mechanisms related to vitellogenesis, where hepatic steatosis and splanchnic angiogenesis stand out. In turn, extrahepatic cholestasis in the rat induces intrahepatic portal hypertension, or decompensated hypertension, with ascites and hepatorenal syndrome. The splanchnic interstitium, the mesenteric lymphatic system, and the peritoneal mesothelium seem to create an inflammatory pathway that could have a key pathophysiological relevance in the production of ascites. The hypothetical comparison between the ascitic and the amniotic fluid also allows for translational investigation. The induced regression of the splanchnic system to extraembryonic functions by portal hypertension highlights the great relevance of the extraem-bryonic structures even during postnatal life.展开更多
The present study aims to determine,by histological examination,the female reproductive cycle of specimens of Kulzer’s rock lizards collected in a mountainous region in Lebanon.Females of Phoenicolacerta kulzeri foll...The present study aims to determine,by histological examination,the female reproductive cycle of specimens of Kulzer’s rock lizards collected in a mountainous region in Lebanon.Females of Phoenicolacerta kulzeri followed a seasonal reproductive pattern.Winter hibernation period lasted for 5 months.Females of P.Kulzeri exhibited a reproductive activity during spring characterized by the presence of vitellogenic follicles in the ovaries and eggs in the oviducts.Oviposition occurred throughout the springtime.Up to two clutches were produced with an average clutch size of 2.9 eggs.Clutch size was significantly correlated to female body size.The attainment of sexual maturity was at a minimum size of 46 mm snout-vent length.The mean body size of adult females was 55.0 mm and did not differ significantly from that of adult males.Females showed a period of sexual rest in summer and none of them showed a reproductive activity in autumn.The female reproductive activity of P.kulzeri was well-synchronized with that of the males in spring;however,an autumnal asynchrony was observed between the female and male reproductive cycles,since males continued to exhibit a spermatogenetic activity.展开更多
文摘Prehepatic portal hypertension induces a splanchnic low-grade inflammatory response that could switch to high-grade inflammation with the development of severe and life-threatening complications when associated with chronic liver disease. The extraembryonic origin of the portal system maybe determines the regression to an extraembryonic phenotype, i.e., vitellogenic and amniotic, during the evolution of both types of portal hypertension. Thus, prehepatic portal hypertension, or compensated hypertension by portal vein ligation in the rat, is associated with molecular mechanisms related to vitellogenesis, where hepatic steatosis and splanchnic angiogenesis stand out. In turn, extrahepatic cholestasis in the rat induces intrahepatic portal hypertension, or decompensated hypertension, with ascites and hepatorenal syndrome. The splanchnic interstitium, the mesenteric lymphatic system, and the peritoneal mesothelium seem to create an inflammatory pathway that could have a key pathophysiological relevance in the production of ascites. The hypothetical comparison between the ascitic and the amniotic fluid also allows for translational investigation. The induced regression of the splanchnic system to extraembryonic functions by portal hypertension highlights the great relevance of the extraem-bryonic structures even during postnatal life.
文摘The present study aims to determine,by histological examination,the female reproductive cycle of specimens of Kulzer’s rock lizards collected in a mountainous region in Lebanon.Females of Phoenicolacerta kulzeri followed a seasonal reproductive pattern.Winter hibernation period lasted for 5 months.Females of P.Kulzeri exhibited a reproductive activity during spring characterized by the presence of vitellogenic follicles in the ovaries and eggs in the oviducts.Oviposition occurred throughout the springtime.Up to two clutches were produced with an average clutch size of 2.9 eggs.Clutch size was significantly correlated to female body size.The attainment of sexual maturity was at a minimum size of 46 mm snout-vent length.The mean body size of adult females was 55.0 mm and did not differ significantly from that of adult males.Females showed a period of sexual rest in summer and none of them showed a reproductive activity in autumn.The female reproductive activity of P.kulzeri was well-synchronized with that of the males in spring;however,an autumnal asynchrony was observed between the female and male reproductive cycles,since males continued to exhibit a spermatogenetic activity.
