The Leisure Style of Men of Letters in the Late Ming Dynasty and Its Social Influence

This paper explored the background of the leisure boom among the literati in the late Ming Dynasty from the aspects of politics, economy, ideology and social environment, and elaborated the leisure styles of the literati in terms of enjoying a sightseeing tour, sampling wine and tea, appreciating and collecting calligraphy and painting works, favoring theatergoing, indulging in dallying with prostitutes, practicing meditation, and building gardens, and analyzed the influence of their leisure styles on the painting and calligraphy art, drama, literary creation, garden construction and other aspects of the society at that time. It is hoped that this paper can provide a deep understanding of social politics, economy, ideology and culture in the late Ming Dynasty and a reference for the development of the current leisure tourism.

Landscape Design of the Ming Dynasty Outer City Wall in Nanjing from the Perspective of Experience Tourism

Taking a section of the Ming Dynasty Outer City Wall from Xianhe Gate to Qilin Gate for example, this paper proposed the landscape design from the perspective of experience tourism, highlighted the wal, and took the beautiful environment and rich history and cultures of the Ming Dynasty Outer City Wall as the essential experience elements, to build cultural recreational corridors with the theme of "experiencing the Ming Dynasty culture", so that visitors will get unforgettable experience, tourism quality, popularity of the Ming Dynasty Outer City Wall as well as its cultural and educational significance will be further promoted.

Image Style of the Tianping Mountain Landscape in the Ming Dynasty

Starting from the Tianping Mountain theme painting in Suzhou in the Ming Dynasty, we explore how did the painters and literati in this period shape the image of the Tianping Mountain through their works, thereby reflecting their understanding on many landscapes on the Tianping Mountain. By exploring a series of paintings and poems, we try to analyze the characteristics and cultural connotation of landscape paintings of the Tianping Mountain in the Ming Dynasty, which is conducive to improving position of the Tianping Mountain natural and humanistic landscape in Suzhou.

Investigation of Vegetation Resources on City Wall of the Ming Dynasty in Nanjing City and Ecological Evaluation of the City Wall

Phyto-groups on 5 remained city wall sections of the Ming Dynasty in Nanjing City was investigated through on-the-spot survey,99 species of 93 genera,60 families were found,and species of Asteraceae and Poaceae accounted for the largest ratio.Plants on the city wall are characterized by strong drought resistance and precocity,their seeds can grow out of the wall cracks,and roots secrete acidoid and obtain nutrients from wall bricks.Plants on different wall sections are different,and human interventions influence phyto-groups on the city wall greatly.On this basis,it was concluded that plants had negative influence on city wall,especially plant roots destroyed the wall seriously.Corresponding researches were carried out and prevention suggestions proposed to provide scientific support for the protection of ancient city walls in Nanjing City.

Overview of the plague in the late Ming Dynasty and its prevention and control measures

The plague of the late Ming Dynasty(15511644 C.E.)was long lasting,affected a wide range of the population,and had serious consequences.The purpose of this study is to review the medical system in place at the time and the measures instituted to prevent and control the plague during the late Ming Dynasty.Information on the history of the Ming Dynasty(13681644 C.E.),local chronicles,and related research literature were consulted and analyzed in terms of duration,geographical area,and other dimensions of the epidemic.Because of the abnormal climate,wide range of natural disasters,and the impact of war,the epidemic spread over a wide area during the late Ming Dynasty.The government’s epidemic prevention measures were affected by war and other factors,resulting in poor control of the outbreak.However,in terms of the medical system in place during the Ming Dynasty,some of the thinking and methods of prevention and control of the plague were historical and progressive.Some outstanding physicians such as Wu Youke(15821652 C.E.)appeared during this period.His theory of plague prevention and control had a profound influence on the formation and development of pestilence deterrence in later generations.In the late Ming Dynasty,rich experiences and measures of prevention and control were accumulated in the struggle against the plague.These methods and experiences also have a significant,positive guiding influence on the prevention and control of plague in the present day.

Unraveling the Pattern Weaving Technology in Ming Dynasty

The Ming dynasty （1368 - 1644） inherited the lens-standing culture in China, of course including the textile technology. Besides a large amount of sinsle color damask silk, many pattern woven silk including dragon robes, patterned costumes and luxurious silk textiles are found in complicated and colorful pattern woven brocade called zhuang hua. It was prevailed in Ming dynasty when compared with the frequency of the name chuang hua recorded in related historical documents. These pattern silk and brcrade were produced by the advanced pattern weavin8 technology, which was well developed in Ming dynasty. From historical documents of＂Tian gong kai wu＂, Exploitation of the works of nature, there is the detailed description of the draw loom （hua Io ji） which can weave normal patterned textiles. It also indicated that to produce dragon robes needed much more high technique, similar to the hua Io ）i but more complicated and difficult. A big draw loom is found to weave Nanjing Yen brocade today inherits the technolosy to weave zhuang hua brocade. After sorting the historical documents, it is found that some records are coincident with the existed materials, both the silk textiles and weaving technology. With these evidences research and exploration, this dissertatien tries to unravel the pattern weaving technolosy in the Ming dynasty.

Rediscovering Mozi ：An Overview of Mozi Editions in the Ming Dynasty

The Dao zang 道藏 edition of Mozi in the Ming Dynasty was a significant step towards its rediscovery.Various editions were published later,showing different interpretations of the Mozi's content.Some editions tried to discover Mozi's moral principles and his views on politics,economy and society.But other editions mostly aimed at making money by providing study materials for people.These early Mozi edtions testify to Mozi's early rediscovery,not only as a master,but also as an economic commodity.

Wang Kentang—a scholar-physician of the ming dynasty

Wang Kentang (courtesy name:Wang Yutai,1549-1613) was a native of Jintan (in present Jintan County,Jiangsu Province).He was either a Confucian scholar or a famous physician.As a successful candidate in the highest imperial examination,he held a position in the National Academy.He wrote a dozen books,among which two books were most famous,i.e.Standards for Diagnosis and Treatment (Zheng Zhi Zhun Sheng) and Complete Book of Orthodox Ancient and Modern Medical Works (Gu Jin Yi Tong Zheng Mai Quan Shu).They had profound impact on later generations.

Discussion on the privilege system in the laws of the Ming Dynasty

An important guiding thought that ran through the laws of the Ming Dynasty was ＂governing the country according to the corpus juries＂. The founding emperor of Ming Dynasty Zhu Yuanzhang found that the laws of the former Yuan Dynasty could not suit the demands of the development of the new situations, so he developed the new statutes. The laws of the Ming Dynasty absorbed the lessons that the Yuan government law and discipline ceased to be binding or become lax, and put forward that the laws must be strict, and abolished the system of the prime minister, showing a high degree of centralization. The laws of the Ming Dynasty had the important influence on the political thoughts in the late feudal society, so the researches on the legal systems in the Ming dynasty have practical significance. This paper briefly expounds the legal privileges of the Ming Dynasty for reference.

Ming Dynasty Eunuchs and Their Temples

IN 1513, construction ofDahui Temple, deep in thewoods of Beijing’s westernoutskirts, was completed,along with a number of othertemples scattered throughout thecity. The Ming EmperorZhengde personally inscribed atablet, and a stele was erected

The influence of the designing styles of the furniture in the Ming Dynasty on the modern furniture

As the development of the current building activities continues to become mature, now the requirements on the indoor design activities will also be promoted. Compared with the interior design activities, the furniture is one of the important factors in the process of the interior decoration. The choice of the appropriate furniture not only can effectively improve the quality of the interior design activities, but also can fully meet the specific application needs of the people. This paper starts from the analysis of the specific requirements on the design and production of the modern furniture. And combined with the analysis of the specific characteristics and the connotation of the design styles of the furniture in the Ming Dynasty, the author further explores the specific influence of the design styles of the Ming Dynasty furniture on the modern furniture.

MING DYNASTY:Honorific Titles for Tibetan Eminent Monks

ＭＩＮＧＤＹＮＡＳＴＹ：ＨｏｎｏｒｉｆｉｃＴｉｔｌｅｓｆｏｒＴｉｂｅｔａｎＥｍｉｎｅｎｔＭｏｎｋｓ￥ＯＡＲＡＩＣＥＤＡＩＮＰＵＮＣＯＧＤｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅＭｉｎｇＤｙｎａｓｔｙ，ｔｈｅｅｍｐｅｒｏｒｇａｖｅｈｏｎｏｒｉｆｉｃｔｉｔｌｅｓｔｏｍａｎｙＴｉ...

Review of Dietary Therapy Development in Ming and Qing Dynasties

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,with the development of politics,economy and culture,the development of health maintenance of traditional Chinese medicine entered a heyday.Food therapy is an important part of the health theory of traditional Chinese medicine.In the 5,000 years of Chinese civilization,you can see the record of food therapy everywhere.It can be said that food therapy of traditional Chinese medicine develops together with traditional Chinese medicine.As a treasure in the treasure-house of Chinese medicine,food therapy has a long history and rich practice.Based on the current research,further research on relevant theories remains to be carried out.Focusing on the historical period of Ming and Qing dynasties,this paper takes the works related to food,nutrition and therapy(including general works and monographs on diet),the health thoughts and practice characteristics of representative health practitioners as the research perspective,and sorts out the above research contents in the past 20 years,analyzes the research overview and trend.It is found that in the study of food nourishing in Ming and Qing dynasties,there are few studies on the contents of diet nourishing in the general works.This suggests that when we study the development of diet nourishing in Ming and Qing Dynasties,we should not only study the monograph of diet nourishing and the thoughts of doctors,but also pay attention to the diet nourishing thought reflected in the general works.The study of diet monographs in Ming Dynasty mainly focused on the textual research of wild plants,and the study of diet monographs in Qing Dynasty mainly focused on the application.The study on the health care thought of doctors in Ming and Qing Dynasties mainly focused on the views of food nourishing and personal health care.These studies are summarized in order to provide reference for further theoretical research and provide reference for contemporary research on food nourishing diet.

明代地方公共典礼的庙堂设计

明代地方公共典礼不同于庙堂典礼和庶民礼仪,是指在各府州县乡、都司卫所等地方的公共领域内公开举行的,由地方政府官员主导、官民共同参与的仪式活动。地方公共典礼以仪式展演的方式表达对地方公共事务的关注,于润物无声中指向地方社会秩序的建构。明代的官方礼书、典制类史籍,以及大量官箴书中关于地方公共典礼的集中记载,展现了庙堂设计视角下公共典礼的形成及其内容。具体来讲主要包含3类:一类是官署公式,包括新官到任典礼、朝廷遣使各处开读诏敕典礼、进春鞭春仪、庆典朝贺仪与进表笺仪、日月食救护仪;一类是崇教化类礼仪,包括庙学释奠、释菜与行香礼,以及乡饮酒礼、乡射礼;一类是公共祀典,主要指各级各类坛庙祭祀。这些典礼仪式举行于开放的公共空间,以地方公共事务为内容,体现了地方社会的公共权力,推进了地方公共礼仪文化的形成。对明代地方公共典礼的研究,是理解明代地方社会礼仪秩序建构的重要内容。

“体用排偶”与明清制义的文体特征

“制义”是明清科举考试中经义文体的正式名称,“八股文”则是对经义文体的俗称。明代官方正式文件从不称其科举文体为“八股文”,明代的经义文集一般不以“八股文”为书名,“八股文”一词不能准确、全面揭示明清经义文的文体性质和特点。《明史·选举志》指出“体用排偶”是明代制义主体部分的文体形态特点。“排偶”包括排比和骈偶,骈偶类包括两扇、四段、六股、八股、十股、十二股、十六股等。在排比类中存在着一种股数为奇数的排比形态,如三股文、五股文、七股文、九股文,可统称为“奇股文”。奇股文的存在应引起我们重视,明清制义文体的本质与特点需要重新认识。决定明、清制义“排偶”部分文体形态的,是题目的句型结构特点和语义结构特点。当然,作者的修辞理念和兴趣也对其“排偶”设置产生影响。明代成化之后,八股形态在“排偶”诸形态中占据主流地位,这既与它契合传统文章学理念有关,也与科举考试的标准化进程是相呼应的。

明清鸡足山兴起中的多民族共塑与交融

大理宾川鸡足山是一座跨民族、跨地域、跨宗教的圣山。鸡足山在明清时期作为圣山兴起的过程,是区域社会中各民族对鸡足山景观的共同塑造、朝山盛节共庆、生产生活物资互通的过程,同时也是鸡足山被各民族接纳认可并被构建为多民族共享的文化符号的过程。一部鸡足山圣地的兴起史,于区域社会而言就是一段多民族共塑圣山的交往交流交融史。在各民族交往交流交融的实践过程中,鸡足山逐渐成为各民族共筑共享的精神家园。

明清家具一腿三牙结构部件类型与匠意研究

通过书籍、博物馆、拍卖会等渠道收集统计了52例具有一腿三牙结构部件的明清家具,根据一腿三牙结构部件中角牙的造型,将一腿三牙结构部件分为A类型、B类型和C类型。分类的目的是为了更好地探讨构件与构件之间的关系,分析出不同类型构造规律、构造原理以及蕴含的匠意。经探究得出,一腿三牙部件在家具中的构造原理为受力解力、加固稳定以及家具顺纹而做遵循木材的物理力学性能。此外,总结了一腿三牙结构部件所蕴含的美学内涵、线脚艺术以及其中的榫卯结构。研究结果有助于深化对一腿三牙部件的认识,同时为研究明清家具中的结构部件提供新思路。