Identification of breath volatile organic compounds to distinguish pancreatic adenocarcinoma,pancreatic cystic neoplasm,and patients without pancreatic lesions

BACKGROUND Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are a promising potential biomarker that may be able to identify the presence of cancers.AIM To identify exhaled breath VOCs that distinguish pancreatic ductal adenocar-cinoma(PDAC)from intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(IPMN)and healthy volunteers.METHODS We collected exhaled breath from histologically proven PDAC patients,radiological diagnosis IPMN,and healthy volunteers using the ReCIVA®device between 10/2021-11/2022.VOCs were identified by thermal desorption-gas chromatography/field-asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry and compared between groups.RESULTS A total of 156 participants(44%male,mean age 62.6±10.6)were enrolled(54 PDAC,42 IPMN,and 60 controls).Among the nine VOCs identified,two VOCs that showed differences between groups were dimethyl sulfide[0.73 vs 0.74 vs 0.94 arbitrary units(AU),respectively;P=0.008]and acetone dimers(3.95 vs 4.49 vs 5.19 AU,respectively;P<0.001).After adjusting for the imbalance parameters,PDAC showed higher dimethyl sulfide levels than the control and IPMN groups,with adjusted odds ratio(aOR)of 6.98(95%CI:1.15-42.17)and 4.56(1.03-20.20),respectively(P<0.05 both).Acetone dimer levels were also higher in PDAC compared to controls and IPMN(aOR:5.12(1.80-14.57)and aOR:3.35(1.47-7.63),respectively(P<0.05 both).Acetone dimer,but not dimethyl sulfide,performed better than CA19-9 in PDAC diagnosis(AUROC 0.910 vs 0.796).The AUROC of acetone dimer increased to 0.936 when combined with CA19-9,which was better than CA19-9 alone(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Dimethyl sulfide and acetone dimer are VOCs that potentially distinguish PDAC from IPMN and healthy participants.Additional prospective studies are required to validate these findings.

Advanced Technologies for Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Emission Treatment: An Overview

This paper presents a comprehensive overview of various advanced technologies employed in the treatment of volatile organic compounds(VOCs),which are crucial pollutants in industrial emissions.The study explores different methods,including direct combustion,thermal combustion,catalytic combustion,low-temperature plasma purification,photocatalytic purification,membrane separation,and adsorption methods.Each technology is critically analyzed for its operational principles,efficiency,and applicability under different conditions.Special attention is given to adsorption concentration and catalytic combustion parallel method,highlighting its efficiency in treating low-concentration,high-volume VOC emissions.The paper also delves into the advantages and limitations of each method,providing insights into their effectiveness in various industrial scenarios.The study aims to offer a detailed guide for selecting appropriate VOC treatment technologies,contributing to enhanced environmental protection and sustainable industrial practices.

Exhaled volatile organic compounds for diagnosis and monitoring of asthma

The asthmatic inflammatory process results in the generation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs),which are subsequently secreted by the airways.The study of these elements through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),which can identify individual molecules with a discriminatory capacity of over 85%,and electronic-Nose(e-NOSE),which is able to perform a quick onboard pattern-recognition analysis of VOCs,has allowed new prospects for non-invasive analysis of the disease in an"omics"approach.In this review,we aim to collect and compare the progress made in VOCs analysis using the two methods and their instrumental characteristics.Studies have described the potential of GC-MS and e-NOSE in a multitude of relevant aspects of the disease in both children and adults,as well as differential diagnosis between asthma and other conditions such as wheezing,cystic fibrosis,COPD,allergic rhinitis and last but not least,the accuracy of these methods compared to other diagnostic tools such as lung function,FeNO and eosinophil count.Due to significant limitations of both methods,it is still necessary to improve and standardize techniques.Currently,e-NOSE appears to be the most promising aid in clinical practice,whereas GC-MS,as the gold standard for the structural analysis of molecules,remains an essential tool in terms of research for further studies on the pathophysiologic pathways of the asthmatic inflammatory process.In conclusion,the study of VOCs through GC-MS and e-NOSE appears to hold promise for the noninvasive diagnosis,assessment,and monitoring of asthma,as well as for further research studies on the disease.

Effective technology for processing industrial volatile organic compounds by the atmospheric pressure microwave plasma torch

In this study,we investigated the abatement of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)by the atmospheric pressure microwave plasma torch(AMPT).To study the treatment efficiency of AMPT,we used the toluene and water-based varnish to simulate VOCs,respectively.By measuring the compounds and contents of the mixture gas before/after the microwave plasma process,we have calculated the treatment efficiency of AMPT.The experimental results show that the treatment efficiency of AMPT for toluene with a concentration of 17.32×10^(4) ppm is up to 60 g/kWh with the removal rate of 86%.For the volatile compounds of water-based varnish,the removal efficiency is up to 97.99%.We have demonstrated the higher potential for VOCs removal of the AMPT process.

Remove volatile organic compounds(VOCs) with membrane separation techniques

Membrane separation, a new technology for removing VOCs including pervaporation, vapor permeation, membrane contactor, and membrane bioreactor was presented. Comparing with traditional techniques, these special techniques are an efficient and energy saving technology. Vapor permeation can be applied to recovery of organic solvents from exhaust streams. Membrane contactor could be used for removing or recovering VOCs from air or wastewater. Pervaporation and vapor permeation are viable methods for removing VOCs from wastewater to yield a VOC concentrate which could either be destroyed by conventional means, or be recycled for reuse.

Research Progress on Environmental Ecology and Human Health Benefits of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds(BVOCs)

Biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs)have positive impact on environmental ecology and human physical and mental health.In this paper,the collection methods and components analysis,dynamic release mechanism,ecological function and the impact on human health of BVOCs were summarized.The purpose of this paper is to provide reference and suggestions for further study on the infl uence mechanism of BVOCs on human health,and to provide a theoretical basis for its application in landscape environment.

山楂和枣释放BVOCs组分生长季动态变化特征研究

【目的】探究北京地区经济林树种山楂和枣不同时期释放植物源挥发性有机物(BVOCs)组成成分的变化规律,以及两者释放有益BVOCs特征。【方法】采用动态顶空采集法收集释放的BVOCs,结合自动热脱附-气相色谱/质谱联用技术进行分析。【结果】在整个生长季从山楂叶中共检测出12类328种BVOCs,从枣叶中共检测出12类301种BVOCs,枣叶释放类别的数量与山楂叶相同,释放种类少于山楂叶,两树种均在9月释放类别最多;山楂叶和枣叶主要释放烷烃类、烯烃类和芳香烃类、酯类和醇类BVOCs;枣叶主要释放烷烃类、烯烃类、芳香烃类、酯类、醛类和醇类BVOCs,其中天然壬醛山楂叶和枣叶每月都有释放,但枣叶每月释放BVOCs的种类更加丰富;山楂是烯烃类夏季高释放量树种,枣是春季芳香烃高释放量树种;从山楂叶中共检测出烯烃类、芳香烃类、酯类、醛类、有机酸类、酮类、醇类和酰胺类8类43种有益成分,而枣叶不释放酮类,释放种类总数量比山楂叶多。【结论】两个树种释放烯烃类有益BVOCs在总有益BVOCs成分中占比最大,以释放对薄荷-1(7),3-二烯、α-蒎烯、罗汉柏烯、3-蒈烯、右旋萜二烯为主,夏季是山楂叶和枣叶释放有益BVOCs组分的主要季节,两者均在7月达到最大值。总之,树种释放BVOCs成分呈明显的季节性变化,尤其是山楂叶释放总有益BVOCs最大值超过60%。

加油站及周边空气中VOCs物种构成与示踪特征

选择典型城市区域加油站,在汽柴油加油口及周边开展VOCs样品采集与物种构成分析,探究加油站排放VOCs的标识性物种,根据加油站周边区域VOCs物种浓度与比值在空间梯度上的变化评估关键物种的示踪作用与转化规律.结果表明:加注汽油排放VOCs主要组分为烷烃(70%~72%)、烯烃(13%~14%)和含氧有机物(11%~12%),主要物种为异戊烷(20%~24%),其它C4~C6类烷烃也是高占比物种;加注柴油排放VOCs中烷烃是主要成分,占VOCs总量的70%~72%,其次是烯烃和含氧有机物,分别贡献13%~14%和11%~12%,芳香烃占比为2%~3%,异戊烷(17%~21%)和正丁烷(15%~17%)含量较高,低碳C2~C4类烷烯烃和较重高碳C7~C12烷烃的比例高于汽油.加油站下风向受体区域受加油站排放影响明显,与单一物理扩散模型的结果对比,发现烯烃类物种在实际传输过程中已发生明显光化学反应,特征物种比值在距离加油站大于70m的区域外开始接近机动车尾气的比值范围并趋于稳定,超出此范围加油站排放贡献影响可能较小.

2D和3D培养肺细胞释放VOCs的质谱检测比较研究

挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)作为一种潜在的癌细胞标志物被广泛研究。目前,体外细胞多采用二维(two-dimensional,2D)贴壁培养方式,这与体内肿瘤细胞呈三维结构存在差别。本实验分别以肺癌细胞A549和肺上皮细胞BEAS-2B为例,构建三维(three-dimensional,3D)培养模型,并以2D模型和培养基作为对照,利用固相微萃取气相色谱-质谱(solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,SPME-GC-MS)法检测细胞释放的VOCs。通过非靶向统计分析细胞在2D和3D培养中释放的差异性VOCs,其中A549细胞有4种(乙酸、1-吡咯啉、4-甲基庚烷、2,4-二甲基-1-庚烯),BEAS-2B细胞也有4种(乙醇、1-吡咯啉、4-甲基庚烷、2,4-二甲基-1-庚烯)。与2D模型相比,这些VOCs在3D模型中的释放量增加了2.11~12.81倍。此外,还讨论了差异性VOCs可能的生化来源以及在2D/3D模型中释放量差异的可能原因。本工作证明了3D培养在体外细胞VOCs检测方面具有广阔的应用前景,有望成为癌症标志物筛查有价值的研究平台。

Concentration control of volatile organic compounds by ionic liquid absorption and desorption

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are difficult to be eliminated safely and effectively because of their large concentration fluctuations.Thus,maintaining a stable concentration of VOCs is a significant study.In this research,H2O,Tween-80,[Emim]BF4,[Emim]PF6,and[Hnmp]HSO4 were applied to absorb and desorb simulated VOCs.The ionic liquid[Emim]BF4 demonstrated the best performance and was thus selected for further experiments.As the ionic liquid acted as a buffer,the toluene concentration with a fluctuation of 2000–20000 mg·m-3 was stabilized at 6000–12000 mg·m-3.Heating distillation(90°C)was highly efficient to recover[Emim]BF4 from toluene.The regenerated[Emim]BF4 could retain its initial absorption capacity even after multiple cycles.Moreover,[Emim]BF4 had the same buffer function on various aromatic hydrocarbons.

Diagnosing gastrointestinal illnesses using fecal headspacevolatile organic compounds

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) emitted from stool are the components of the smell of stool representing the end products of microbial activity and metabolism that can be used to diagnose disease. Despite the abundance of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane that have already been identified in human flatus, the small portion of trace gases making up the VOCs emitted from stool include organic acids, alcohols, esters, heterocyclic compounds, aldehydes, ketones, and alkanes, among others. These are the gases that vary among individuals in sickness and in health, in dietary changes, and in gut microbial activity. Electronic nose devices are analytical and pattern recognition platforms that can utilize mass spectrometry or electrochemical sensors to detect these VOCs in gas samples. When paired with machine-learning and pattern recognition algorithms, this can identify patterns of VOCs, and thus patterns of smell, that can be used to identify disease states. In this review, we provide a clinical background of VOC identification, electronic nose development, and review gastroenterology applications toward diagnosing disease by the volatile headspace analysis of stool.

碱处理改性ZSM-5分子筛孔结构对VOCs吸附性能的影响

采用氢氧化钠和四丙基氢氧化铵混合碱溶液处理制备一系列改性ZSM-5分子筛,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、N_(2)吸附、水接触角测定等手段对改性样品进行了分析表征,采用固定床吸附器对比评价5A、NaY和不同碱改性ZSM-5分子筛吸附剂对正己烷和乙酸乙酯的动态吸附性能。结果表明:氢氧化钠和四丙基氢氧化铵摩尔浓度均为0.2 mol/L的碱改性ZSM-5-G-3样品的比表面积及总孔体积分别为425 m^(2)/g和0.585 cm^(3)/g,比改性前高硅ZSM-5-G-1样品分别提高了17.7%和174.6%,介孔比表面积增加8.6倍,达到317 m^(2)/g,介孔体积增加12.3倍,达到0.531 cm^(3)/g;随着碱溶液浓度的增加,改性分子筛材料水接触角减小;25℃时,正己烷和乙酸乙酯在ZSM-5-G-3吸附剂床层上的穿透吸附量分别为76.99和101.08 mg/g,比改性前ZSM-5-G-1吸附剂床层分别提高了40.3%和17.4%。改性ZSM-5-G-3样品对挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)吸附性能的显著提高主要归因于碱改性提供了更多的吸附位和介孔结构。

Measurement of in-vehicle volatile organic compounds under static conditions

在车辆内的不稳定的有机化合物(VOC ) 的类型和数量用 theThermodesorber 气体在静态的条件下面在一新车辆和二旧车辆被决定了用色层法分离 / 集中分光计(TD-GC/MS ) 。空气采样和分析在 USEPA 方法 TO-17.A 房间尺寸的要求下面被进行，环境测试房间被利用提供要求的环境条件(温度，湿度，水平、垂直的气流速度，和背景 VOCsconcentration ) 的稳定、精确的控制。尽管在每车辆以内检测的全部的不稳定的有机化合物( TVOC )的数量是相对不同的，静态的车辆测试表明了那(在新车辆 A ，在使用的车辆 B 的 1240 亩 g/m^3 ，和在使用的车辆 C 的 132 ng/m^3 的 4940 u.g/m^3 )，甲苯，二甲苯，一些芳香族化合物，和各种各样的C_7-C_( 12 )链烷在在测试的所有三车辆的占优势的 VOC 种类之中。另外， tetramethyl succinonitrile，可能源于泡沫垫子在车辆 B.The 类型被检测， VOC 的数量根据因素的各种各样的类型更加变化了，例如，车辆年龄，车辆模型，温度，空气汇率，和环境气流速度。例如，如果气流速度从 0.1 m/s 增加到 0.7 m/s， vehicle'sair 汇率从 0.15 h~ 增加(-1)to 0.67 h^( 从 1780 ～ 1201 ng/m^3 的 -1),and 在里面车辆 TVOC 集中减少。

常州市人造板行业VOCs排放特征及臭氧生成潜势研究

为研究常州市人造板制造行业挥发性有机物(Volatile Organic Compounds,VOCs)的排放特征,本文基于苏玛罐采样和气相色谱-质谱/氢火焰离子化检测器(GC-MS/FID)联用技术,选取两家人造板典型生产企业,分析其不同生产环节(制胶和浸胶)车间空气中VOCs的含量和成分谱。结果表明,118种VOCs被检出,涉及芳香烃、卤代烃、烷烃、烯烃、含氧有机物及其他(乙炔和二硫化碳)等6大类,其中生产车间VOCs浓度高达593.71μg/m^(3),特征污染物为甲醛、丙醛、乙酸乙酯;制胶和浸胶环节VOCs组分相差无几,但排放浓度差距明显;含氧挥发性有机物(Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compounds,OVOCs)和芳香烃是未来人造板制造行业需要重点管控的对象。

铁路客车非金属材料VOCs释放规律试验研究

为了研究温度对铁路客车典型非金属材料中挥发性有机化合物释放量的影响,基于多气固比法和数据拟合法,对典型非金属材料(重防腐涂料、地板布、玻璃纤维增强塑料)的挥发性有机化合物释放规律进行了试验研究.首先,分别测量了4种不同气固比条件下的挥发性有机化合物浓度,得到挥发性有机化合物释放关键参数(初始可散发浓度和分配系数);然后,结合车辆工艺和运用场景,研究不同温度对挥发性有机化合物释放规律的影响.研究结果表明:材质的物理化学性能和温度是影响挥发性有机化合物释放特性的重要因素;温度从16℃升高至55℃,苯系物和醛类散发浓度均呈减小的趋势,重防腐涂料的初始可散发浓度减小为1.8%,其分配系数减小,地板布和玻璃钢的初始可散发浓度减小至0.3%以下,地板布的分配系数增大,玻璃钢的分配系数减小;苯系物是挥发性有机化合物的主要成分,其中以苯乙烯占比最大,甲苯、乙苯以及二甲苯占比排序规律不明显,并且未检测出苯;在铁道车辆烘焙法环保净化处理时,建议重防腐涂料的烘焙温度不小于55℃,地板布和玻璃钢的烘焙温度不小于45℃.

Breath volatile organic compounds for the gut-fatty liver axis: promise, peril, and path forward

The worldwide interest in the gut microbiome and its impact on the upstream liver highlight a critical upside to breath research: it can uniquely measure otherwise unmeasurable biology. Bacteria make gases [volatile organic compounds(VOCs)] that are directly relevant to pathophysiology of the fatty liver and associated conditions, including obesity. Measurement of these VOCs and their metabolites in the exhaled breath, therefore, present an opportunity to safely and easily evaluate, on both a personal and a population level, some of our most pressing public health threats. This is an opportunity that must be pursued. To date, however, breath analysis remains a slowly evolving field which only occasionally impacts clinical research or patient care. One major obstacle to progress is that breath analysis is inherently and emphatically mutli-disciplinary: it connects engineering, chemistry, breath mechanics, biology and medicine. Unbalanced or incomplete teams may produce inconsistent and often unsatisfactory results. A second impediment is the lack of a well-known stepwise structure for the development of non-invasive diagnostics. As a result, the breath research landscape is replete with orphaned single-center pilot studies. Often, important hypotheses and key observations have not been pursued to maturation. This paper reviews the rationale and requirements for breath VOC research applied to the gut-fatty liver axis and offers some suggestions for future development.

Emissions of volatile organic compounds from heated needles and twigs of Pinus pumila

A study was conducted to explore the mechanism that emissions of volatile organic compounds(VOC) from heated needles and twigs(200°C,within 15 min) of Pinus pumila affect fire behaviours using the technology of Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(TD-GC-MS).The results indicated that the main components of VOC from heated needles and twigs are terpenoids.Most of these terpenoids are monoterpenes.Terpenoids account for 72.93% for the needles and 92.40% for the twigs of the total VOC,and their emission ratios are 61.200 μg·g-1 and 217.060 μg·g-1 respectively.Heated twigs can emit more terpenoids than heated needles because twigs had more volatile oils than needles.In actual fires,these large amounts of terpenoid emissions,especially the monoterpene emissions,have strong effects on fire behaviors that are not only in the initial stage but also in the fast propagation stage of fires.These flammable gases are capable of causing violent combustion and creating crown fires.In addition,if these gases accumulate in an uneven geographical area,there will be a possible for eruptive fires and/or fires flashover to occur.

Evaluating the Environmental Health Effect of Bamboo-Derived Volatile Organic Compounds through Analysis the Metabolic Indices of the Disorder Animal Model

Objective To identify the bamboo VOCs(volatile organic compounds) effect on animal physiological indices, which associated with human health. Methods GC/MS was used to analyze the volatile organic compounds from Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys heterocyla cv. pubescens). The effect of VOCs on environmental health was evaluated by analyzing the metabolic indices of the type 2 diabetic mouse model. Results Spectra of VOC generated by GC/MS were blasted against an in-house MS library confirming the identification of 33 major components that were manually validated. The relative constituent compounds as a percentage of total VOCs determined were alcohols(34.63%), followed by ether(22.02%), aldehyde(15.84%), ketone(11.47%), ester(4.98%), terpenoid(4.38%), and acids(3.83%). Further experimentation established that the metabolic incidence of the disease can be improved if treated with vanillin, leaf alcohol, β-ionone and methyl salicylate. The effects of these VOCs on type 2 diabetes were evident in the blood lipid and blood glucose levels. Conclusion Our model suggests that VOCs can potentially control the metabolic indices in type 2 diabetes mice. This experiment data also provides the scientific basis for the comprehensive utilization of ornamental bamboos and some reference for other similar study of environmental plants.

Vertical Evolution of Boundary Layer Volatile Organic Compounds in Summer over the North China Plain and the Differences with Winter

The vertical observation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)is an important means to clarify the mechanisms of ozone formation.To explore the vertical evolution of VOCs in summer,a field campaign using a tethered balloon during summer photochemical pollution was conducted in Shijiazhuang from 8 June to 3 July 2019.A total of 192 samples were collected,23 vertical profiles were obtained,and the concentrations of 87 VOCs were measured.The range of the total VOC concentration was 41-48 ppbv below 600 m.It then slightly increased above 600 m,and rose to 58±52 ppbv at 1000 m.The proportion of alkanes increased with height,while the proportions of alkenes,halohydrocarbons and acetylene decreased.The proportion of aromatics remained almost unchanged.A comparison with the results of a winter field campaign during 8-16 January 2019 showed that the concentrations of all VOCs in winter except for halohydrocarbons were more than twice those in summer.Alkanes accounted for the same proportion in winter and summer.Alkenes,aromatics,and acetylene accounted for higher proportions in winter,while halohydrocarbons accounted for a higher proportion in summer.There were five VOC sources in the vertical direction.The proportions of gasoline vehicular emissions+industrial sources and coal burning were higher in winter.The proportions of biogenic sources+long-range transport,solvent usage,and diesel vehicular emissions were higher in summer.From the surface to 1000 m,the proportion of gasoline vehicular emissions+industrial sources gradually increased.

Hierarchical pore structure of activated carbon fabricated by CO_2/microwave for volatile organic compounds adsorption

An activated carbon pore-expanding technique was achieved through innovative reactivation by CO_2/microwave.The original and modified activated carbons were characterized by nitrogen adsorption–desorption,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microcopy,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The mesopore volume increased from 0.122 cm^3·g^(-1) to 0.270 cm^3·g^(-1),and a hierarchical pore structure was formed.A gradual decrease in the phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the surface of activated carbon enhanced the surface inertia of granular activated carbon(GAC).The toluene desorption rate of the modified sample increased by 8.81% compared with that of the original GAC.Adsorption isotherm fittings revealed that the Langmuir model was applicable for the original and modified activated carbons.The isosteric adsorption heat of toluene on the activated carbon decreased by approximately 50%,which endowed the modified sample with excellent stability in application.The modified samples showed an enhanced desorption performance of toluene,thereby opening a way to extend the cycle life and improve the economic performance of carbon adsorbent in practical engineering applications.