Sports and Public Space: Volleyball Practice inCopacabana and Carcavelos/Cascais Beaches

The aim of this paper is to analyze volleyball practice in the beaches of Copacabana(Rio de Janeiro,Brazil)and Carcavelos and Cascais Bay(Cascais,Portugal)and to review the forms of appropriation of public space based on public policies and rules of the sport in question.Our methodology rests on bibliographic review and ethnographic research to map and distinguish the results in two spatial and cultural contexts that are considerably diverse.Results show that even with greater extension of Copacabana beach in comparison with Cascais,volleyball has a relevant impact in both areas.The installation of the necessary equipment for volleyball practice is also a form of impact in the landscape and establishment of territoriality,which is mainly activated when the game happens.

The Action of the Middle Blocker According to the Opposing Offensive Organization in Volleyball

In modern Volleyball,the block action differentiates the world-class teams.The purpose of this study is to understand what determines the action of the middle blocker in the moment that precedes the technical procedure of the block.The sample consisted of n4895 actions from 24 middle blockers,representing 30 footages of games from the 1st male volleyball division in the Portuguese league on season 2013/2014.We have also recorded the type of setting(ball tempo)of the opposing setter and the area where the opposing attack occurred.The chi-squared test analysis allowed us to establish that there is a relationship between the actions and the attack zones(x2=109.956;p≤0.001),as well as between the actions and the type of setting,in each attack zone(x2=3,523.678;p≤0.001 in all of them).Thus,we have verified that the action performs block but does not make contact with the ball that is the most frequent.We have also established that there is a strong tendency for the middle blocker to attempt to carry out the block in zones 3 and 4,to the detriment of the attack performed in defensive zone.

Research on the Origin and Development of Gas Volleyball under the Background of National Fitness

Since the promulgation of the Outline of the National Fitness Program,vigorously developing mass sports and fitness activities has always been its top priority.Promoting and developing a variety of mass sports and fitness activities and improving the physical quality of the people throughout the country is the goal of achieving the national fitness program.Gas volleyball is a mass sports that integrates fitness,leisure and entertainment.It is not limited by age,gender,physical condition and technical level.It is a combination of ornamental,entertaining,competitive and fitness.Innovative sports programs are a sport that is popular among the masses.This paper analyzes the origin and development of gas volleyball through literature and mathematical statistics,promotes the popularization and development of gas volleyball,and makes more people love and participate in this sport.It is of great significance to develop social culture and improve the physical fitness of the whole people.

Characteristics of Steps and Analysis of the Technical Procedure of the Block in Middle Men’s Volleyball Players

In modern volleyball,the middle blocker is regarded as one of the most important players for the tactical organization,because he is frequently requested for both defensive and offensive maneuvers.Regarding the block action,the coach must always consider the characteristics of the middle blocker,and his intervention should contemplate the ball tempo and the zone where the opposing attack occurs.The purpose of this study is to understand what the movements are that precede the action of the technical gesture of the block.The sample consisted of n=4,895 actions representing 30 footages of games from the 1st male volleyball division in the Portuguese league from season 2013/2014.We have analyzed the movements that each middle blocker has performed during the pre-block moment.We have also recorded the ball tempo on the opposing setter and the zone where the opposing attack occurred.We have established that there is a relationship between the movements performed and the attack zones(p≤0.001),as well as between the movements and the type of setting,in each attack zone(p≤0.001 in all of them).This way,we have determined that the Crossover Step is the most frequent movement,followed by the Drive Step.

VOLLEYBALL让我们一起来轮转

排球(volleyball)是一种既方便.简单又大众化的团队运动,它不需要太激烈的身体接触,又能让全身有效地活动, 不仅利于娱乐,而且能培养团队精神和吃苦耐劳的品质,因此成为校园内最受欢迎的运动项目之一。

The Effect of Workplace-Based Sports Participation on the Mental Status of Japanese Workers

Whether workplace-based sports are part of a company’s employee welfare program in terms of mental status is unknown. This study examined the impact of workplace-based sports participation on the mental status of Japanese workers. It involved a single-arm intervention comprising participation in a company’s volleyball team. Data on mental status were collected using a simplified version of the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire. Overall, 11 individuals participated, 9 (81.8%) of whom were women;the mean participant age was 38.2 years. Because the intervention was conducted during busy periods, the median (25th and 75th percentiles) score for qualitative job overload significantly increased from 3.0 (2.0, 4.0) to 3.0 (3.0, 4.3) (p = 0.03). Nonetheless, the fatigue score significantly decreased from 3.0 (3.0, 4.3) to 3.0 (2.0, 4.0) (p = 0.03). These results indicate that participation in workplace-based sports can prevent the deterioration of mental status during busy periods.

The Effect of Workplace-Based Sports Participation on the Mental Status of Japanese Workers

Whether workplace-based sports are part of a company’s employee welfare program in terms of mental status is unknown. This study examined the impact of workplace-based sports participation on the mental status of Japanese workers. It involved a single-arm intervention comprising participation in a company’s volleyball team. Data on mental status were collected using a simplified version of the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire. Overall, 11 individuals participated, 9 (81.8%) of whom were women;the mean participant age was 38.2 years. Because the intervention was conducted during busy periods, the median (25th and 75th percentiles) score for qualitative job overload significantly increased from 3.0 (2.0, 4.0) to 3.0 (3.0, 4.3) (p = 0.03). Nonetheless, the fatigue score significantly decreased from 3.0 (3.0, 4.3) to 3.0 (2.0, 4.0) (p = 0.03). These results indicate that participation in workplace-based sports can prevent the deterioration of mental status during busy periods.

Shoulder joint flexibility in top athletes

Joint range of motion (ROM) is very important in daily activities, sport and in clinical diagnosis. Many factors have been reported to influence joint ROM. Musculoskeletal adaptation and some special side effects due to his or her physical demands and movement patterns in professional athletes are very important subjects in sport sciences. The present study is a comparison of shoulder joint ROM in elite athlete and non-athlete groups and its relationship to their age, post and years of their tournament play. The subjects in this study included 106 men with mean age (23.65 ±3.45) and mean years of tournament play (5.60 ±2.23). The groups of subjects included 26 handball players, 25 volleyball players, 25 soccer players and 30 non-athletes. Data were collected through questionnaires and inspection, and subjects’ ROM was measured by “Leighton flex- ometer” (r = 0.90 – 0.99) in external rotation and abduction of shoulder joint in dominant and non-domi- nant hands. Data were analyzed by correlation coefficient, t – test, ANOVA and post hock Schaffe test. The results showed that an increase in age and years of tournament play reduced the shoulder ROM of subjects (p ≤ 0.05). There were significant differences in shoulder ROM among athletic groups. Additionally, there are significant differences between dominant and non-dominant hands (p ≤ 0.05). It can be concluded that more specific stretching exercises and warm-up for shoulder in all athletes and especially in older and experienced players should be performed by coaches. The results also emphasized routine screening, corrective exercise programs and a design of preventing strategies by athletic trainers and coaches.

气排球技术之我见

发球为了使球反转,形成下沉的效果,必须把握好两点要素。扣球气排球目前的对扣球有两种主流,一种为硬排打法,用力量使球直接着地,一种为超后排打法。拦网首先要有准备,有准备动作也有利于横向的滑步或者交叉步移动,组织好集体拦网。一传气排球的接球可以采用上手接球较为稳当,采用上手接球也就意味着必须主动迎球,不能被动的等球。