Power swing and voltage collapse identification schemes for correct distance relay operation in power system

The new techniques were presented for preventing undesirable distance relay maloperation during voltage collapse and power swings in transmission grids. Initially, the work focused on the development of a fast detection of voltage collapse and a three-phase fault at transmission lines by using under impedance fault detector (UIFD) and support vector machine (SVM). Likewise, an intelligent approach was developed to discriminate a fault, stable swing and unstable swing, for correct distance relay operation by using the S-transform and the probabilistic neural network (PNN). To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques, simulations were carried out on the IEEE 39-bus test system using the PSS/E and MATLAB software.

A New Proximity Indicator for Assessment of Voltage Stability and Critical Loadability Point

This paper presents a newly developed proximity indicator for voltage stability assessment which can be used to predict critical real system load and voltages at various load buses at critical loading point.The proximity indicator varies almost parabolic with total real load demand and reaches orthogonally to real load axis.This relation has been utilized to predict critical loading point.It has been shown that two operating points are needed for estimating critical point and proper selection of operating points and variation of proximity indicator near collapse point highly affect the accuracy of estimation.Simulation is based on load flow equations and system real and reactive loadings have been increased in proportion with base case scenario for IEEE 14 and IEEE 25 bus test systems to demonstrate the behaviour of proposed proximity indicator.CPF has been used as benchmark to check the accuracy of estimation.

A novel collapse prediction index for voltage stability analysis and contingency ranking in power systems

Voltage instability is a serious phenomenon that can occur in a power system because of critical or stressed condi-tions.To prevent voltage collapse caused by such instability,accurate voltage collapse prediction is necessary for power system planning and operation.This paper proposes a novel collapse prediction index(NCPI)to assess the volt-age stability conditions of the power system and the critical conditions of lines.The effectiveness and applicability of the proposed index are investigated on the IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems and compared with the well-known existing indices(Lmn,FVSI,LQP,NLSI,and VSLI)under several power system operations to validate its practicability and versatility.The study also presents the sensitivity assumptions of existing indices and analyzes their impact on voltage collapse prediction.The application results under intensive case studies prove that the proposed index NCPI adapts to several operating power conditions.The results show the superiority of the proposed index in accurately estimating the maximum load-ability and predicting the critical lines,weak buses,and weak areas in medium and large networks during various power load operations and contingencies.A line interruption or generation unit outage in a power system can also lead to voltage collapse,and this is a contingency in the power system.Line and generation unit outage contingencies are examined to identify the lines and generators that significantly impact system stability in the event of an outage.The contingencies are also ranked to identify the most severe outages that significantly cause voltage collapse because of the outage of line or generator.

Simulation Study of CMUT for Pressure Sensing Applications

Capacitive micromechanical ultrasonic transducers(CMUTs)have been widely studied because they can be used as substitutes for piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers in imaging applications.However,it is unclear whether and how CMUTs can be developed for sensors incorporating other functions.For instance,researchers have proposed the use of CMUTs for pressure sensing,but fundamental and practical application issues remain unsolved.This study explored ways in which a pressure sensor can be properly developed based on a CMUT prototype using a simulation approach.A three-dimensional finite element model of CMUTs was designed using the COMSOL Multiphysics software by combining the working principle of CMUTs with pressure sensing characteristics in which the resonance frequency of the CMUT cell shifts accordingly when it is subjected to an external pressure.Simultaneously,when subjected to pressure,the CMUT membrane deforms,thus the pressure can be reflected by the change in the capacitance.

Use of fuzzy techniques for analysis of dynamic loads in power systems

Presents the use of fuzzy techniques for analysis of dynamic load characteristics of power systems to identify the voltage stability (collapse) of a weak bus and concludes from the consistent results obtained that this is a useful tool for analysis of load charactersitics of sophiscated power systems and their components.