Junction temperature measurement of alternating current light-emitting-diode by threshold voltage method

Junction temperature of alternating current light-emitting-diode （AC-LED） has a significant effect on its stable light output and lifetime. The threshold voltage measurement is employed to characterize the junction temperature of AC-LED, due to its excellent merits in high efficiency and accuracy. The threshold voltage is measured when the driving current of an AC-LED rises to a reference on-set value from the zero-crossing node. Based on multiple measurements of threshold voltage at different temperatures, a linear relationship was uncovered between the threshold voltage and the junction temperature of AC- LED with the correlating factor of temperature sensitive parameter （TSP）. Thereby, we can calculate the junction temperature with the TSP and threshold voltage once the AC-LED stays at thermal equilibrium state. The accuracy of the proposed junction temperature measurement technique was found to be ＋3.2℃ for the reference current of 1 mA. It is concluded that the method of threshold voltage is accurate and simple to implement, making it highly suitable for measuring the junction temperature of AC-LED in industry.

Centralized Solar PV Systems for Static Loads Using Constant Voltage Control Method

The alternative energy resources, like solar, are always complementary due to environmental changes. Energy generation with the sources such as solar and wind is gaining importance and of that photovoltaic conversion is the main focus of researches due to its promising potential as the electrical source. This paper presents the constant voltage method of control where the output of the converter is maintained constant irrespective of the variations in the irradiance with the high step-up isolated efficient single switch DC-DC converter for the solar PV systems. Constant voltage method of control uses the array of photovoltaic systems as its energy source. The output of the Solar PV systems is nonlinear and has its dependency on temperature and irradiance by which the panel voltage and current varies with the variation in irradiance. Constant voltage control method always operates in such a way that the converter voltage is tried to be maintained constantly to the reference voltage which is set by the user. The system used here utilizes high step single switch isolated DC-DC converter and monitors the voltage continuously by varying the duty cycle to maintain the converter voltage always constant. As a way of improving the performance, both the open and closed loop analysis is done where the closed loop analysis uses the PI controller for its performance. The model is implemented in MATLAB and it accepts the irradiance as the input and outputs the constant voltage from the converter and the feasibility of the proposed converter topology is confirmed with experimental results of the prototype model.

Impact of Renewable Energy Sources on Steady-state Stability of Weak AC/DC Systems

In recent years,the penetration of renewable resources into AC power systems has increased tremendously,creating a significantly impact on the latter’s operations and stability.In this respect,it is also important to gain a basic analytical understanding of such impact on the steady-state stability of power systems with electrically weak AC/DC interconnections,but such works are not very evident in the literature.Therefore,a classical analytic model of the single and multi-infeed HVDC system which now incorporates renewable resources is proposed.Then the well-established concept of voltage sensitivity of the AC/DC interconnection is applied to analyze the impact of the renewable resources on the steady-state stability of these composite system models,as well as on the influence of system conditions and parameters.This impact is also compared with that arising from other types of shunt devices alternatively connected at the same AC/DC interconnection,therefore their relative beneficial or negative impacts will also be benchmarked.

Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor in Full Speed Range

Aiming at resolving the limitation of the speed regulation range of sensorless control technology,a new composite sensorless control strategy is proposed to realize a control method for a permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)in full speed range.In the medium-and high-speed range,the improved new sliding mode observer method is used to estimate the motor speed and rotor position information.In the zero and low speed range,in order to avoid the defects of the sliding mode method,the rotating high-frequency voltage signal injection method is used.When switching between low,medium,and high speed,the fuzzy control algorithm is adopted to achieve smooth transitions.The simulation experiment results show that the hybrid mode combining the sliding mode observer and rotating high-frequency voltage injection methods,can effectively reduce the jitter in the algorithm switching process,and realize the smooth control of a PMSM in full speed range.

Two-port Equivalent Circuit Model for UHVDC Converter Valves

UHVDC converter valves during operation may experience overvoltage,which come from the AC or DC systems to which they are connected.Therefore,building an equivalent circuit model(ECM)for the converter valve to analyze the interlayer transient voltage distribution characteristics has important engineering significance for safe and reasonable voltage equalization methods and improving the stability of the DC system.This paper proposes a two-port equivalent circuit model for ±1100 kV converter valve based on the structure of the valve and parameter extraction methods presented.In terms of lumped parameters,integrated ECMs for valve layers are built through impedance-frequency characteristic analysis;in terms of parasitic capacitance parameters,port equivalent parasitic capacitance parameters are obtained by terminal capacitance method and iterative equivalence methods proposed in this paper.By combining integrated ECMs of valve layers and port equivalent parasitic capacitances,the two-port ECM is obtained.Simulations are carried out to test the effectiveness of the twoport ECM.Using the ECM,the voltage transmission characteristics and their influencing factors are analyzed,depending on which corresponding voltage equalization method is proposed in this paper,and the effect of this method is verified through simulation.