Novel control scheme for 3-phase PWM current-source converters under unbalanced source voltage conditions

Under unbalanced source voltage supply, considerable output second harmonics and input low-order harmonics in 3-phase PWM current-source converters (PWM-CSC) are generated. This paper proposes a new deadbeat controller based on compensation for unbalanced source voltage and current. With the proposed scheme, the second harmonics of the output current are eliminated and low-order harmonics of the source current are reduced effectively. Simulation and experimental results con- firmed the feasibility of the proposed method.

构网型VSC暂态稳定机理及改进限幅策略

针对构网型变流器(grid-forming voltage source converter,GFM-VSC)系统在大扰动下暂态稳定问题,现有研究未能充分考虑电力电子电源暂态快速响应与控制可塑的特点。为此,以GFM-VSC为对象,借助等面积法原理与相平面图法,从能量角度揭示了其暂态响应机制与传统同步机系统的差异,分析了控制塑造下GFM-VSC系统的暂态稳定机理;然后,针对大扰动下易于触发的限幅环节,分析了系统无法自主退出限幅而失稳的机制,并提出了附带电流分配系数的改进限幅策略,有效增强了系统暂态稳定性。最后,通过仿真验证了理论分析与改进方法的正确性。

弱并网条件下VSC的自适应型虚拟并网点规划与控制策略

电压源换流器(VSC)接入薄弱交流电网时存在系统小扰动稳定性问题,传统控制策略下VSC不得不降低输出功率以维持稳定运行。为提升弱并网VSC的小扰动稳定性,首先基于交流电压外环建立了弱并网VSC稳定性机理的通用分析模型,分析了锁相环(PLL)与VSC外环控制间的耦合特性,及其对系统小扰动稳定性的影响机理。在此基础上,提出了一种参数自适应型虚拟并网点控制策略。在PSCAD/EMTDC环境下搭建的弱并网VSC详细开关模型验证了所提控制方法的有效性。

Multilevel Current Source Converters for High Power Medium Voltage Applications

In medium voltage high power applications,multi-level current source converters(CSCs)are good candidate to increase system power region,reliability,and the quality of output waveforms.Compared with widely researched voltage source multi-level converters(MLCs),the current source MLCs have the advantages of inherent short-circuit protection,high power capability and high quality of output current waveforms.The main features of MLCs include reduced harmonics,lower switching frequency and reduced current stress on each device which is a particularly important for high power application with low voltage and high current requirements.This paper conducts a general review of the current research about MLCs in higher power medium voltage application.The different types of parallel structure based MLCs and the modulation methodologies will be introduced and compared.Specifically,the circuit analysis of the common-mode(CM)loop for parallel structures will be conducted,the common-mode voltage(CMV)and circulating current suppression methods developed on the base of multilevel modulations will be addressed.

A Study of Power Loss for 3 Phase Voltage Source Converter of Elevator

In this paper,to study the power loss of converter for elevator,The analysis is to establish relationship between parameters(current,voltages and losses in the inverter and converter) relevant for sizing of major components of the drive was done.) For high PWM(pulse width modulation) frequency like in elevator applications of fpwm =10kHz,switching losses are dominant and are about 2/3 of the total losses on IGBT switch.Transition from continuous 3 phase to discontinuous 2 phase PWM results in 50% reduction of switching loses on IGBT devices providing that PWM is not done over 60deg angle in a particular phase when current has maximum value.Total losses on IGBT(conduction + switching) are reduced approximately by ～1/3 what is still a significant reduction.Two phase PWM with reduced losses can be used for applications when acoustic noise due to increased current ripple is not significant and fall back solution to regular 3 phase PWM when drive operates under rare extreme conditions resulting in increased heat sink temperature.The analysis will be examined by further laboratory testing simulating 60% duty cycle on a dynamometer.

LCC-VSC型混合直流输电系统及其控制策略

基于相控变流器的高压直流(LCC-HVDC)和电压源变流器的高压直流(VSC-HVDC)共同组建由电压源变流器(VSC)和相控变流器(LCC)组成的混合HVDC输电系统,可有效实现对两种HVDC输电技术的优势互补。此处设计了由VSC整流器和LCC逆变器组成的双端混合HVDC输电系统拓扑结构,分别给出了VSC整流器和LCC逆变器系统模型及详细控制策略,建立了基于RTDS硬件在环的混合HVDC输电系统实验平台。实验结果表明:在所设计的混合HVDC输电系统中,两端变流器可以独立调节直流系统的传输功率;当发生直流侧短路故障时,该系统能够及时响应,并在故障清除后快速恢复正常运行。证明了所设计的混合HVDC输电系统及其控制策略是可行的、可靠的。

VSC-HVDC系统中IGBT阀保护方案研究

针对电压源换流器的高压直流输电(VSC-HVDC)系统,首先分析正常运行情况下电压源换流器两侧交、直流电流之间满足的平衡关系。然后将换流器的5种开关模式按照桥臂导通状态分为两类工作状态,分析不同工作状态下全控型电力电子器件绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)阀短路和阀开路的电流流通路径,研究故障后交流侧电流幅值和直流侧电流的变化及其相互关系。在此基础上,提出一种能够反应IGBT阀短路和阀开路的保护方案,将交流侧三相电流采样值分别与各自导通状态函数相乘并求和,并与直流侧电流采样值构成差动电流,利用该差动电流反应阀短路和阀开路故障,并给出保护的整定原则。最后,基于仿真平台搭建双端VSC-HVDC系统模型,验证了该保护方案的有效性。

Detection of Nonlinear Behavior Induced by Hard Limiting in Voltage Source Converters in Wind Farms Based on Higher-order Spectral Analysis

In recent years,sub-synchronous oscillation accidents caused by wind power integration have received extensive attention.The recorded constant-amplitude waveforms can be induced by either linear or nonlinear oscillation mechanisms.Hence,the nonlinear behavior needs to be distinguished prior to choosing the analysis method.Since the 1960s,the higher-order statistics(HOS)theory has become a powerful tool for the detection of nonlinear behavior(DNB)in production quality control wherein it has mainly been applied to mechanical condition monitoring and fault diagnosis.This study focuses on the hard limiters of the voltage source converter(VSC)control systems in the wind farms and attempts to detect the nonlinear behavior caused by bi-or uni-Iateral saturation hard limiting using the HOS analysis.First,the conventional describing function is extended to obtain the detailed frequency domain information on the bi-and uni-Iateral saturation hard limiting.Furthermore,the bi-and tri-spectra are introduced as the HOS,which are extended into bi-and tri-coherence spectra to eliminate the effects of the linear parts on the harmonic characteristics of hard limiting in the VSC control system,respectively.The effectiveness of the HOS in the DNB and the classification of the hard-limiting types is proven,and its detailed derivation and estimation procedure is presented.Finally,the quadratic and cubic phase coupling in the signals is illustrated,and the performance of the proposed method is evaluated and discussed.

An Operational Test Method for VSC-HVDC Valves Based on Modular Multi-level Converters

为给基于模块化多电平换流器（modular multi-levelconverter,MMC）的电压源换流器高压直流输电（voltagesourced converter HVDC,VSC-HVDC）换流阀提供有效的检验手段,以验证其设计的正确性及其运行可靠性,对换流阀的运行特性和关键应力进行分析,提出基于原理等效的MMC阀运行试验方法,设计试验电路并阐明其运行机理。搭建的PSCAD电磁暂态仿真模型和实际的试验验证证明了试验方法的正确性和有效性。

Enhanced control of DFIG-used back-to-back PWM VSC under unbalanced grid voltage conditions

This paper presents a unified positive-and negative-sequence dual-dq dynamic model of wind-turbine driven doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG) under unbalanced grid voltage conditions. Strategies for enhanced control and operation of a DFIG-used back-to-back(BTB) PWM voltage source converter(VSC) are proposed. The modified control design for the grid-side converter in the stationary αβ frames diminishes the amplitude of DC-link voltage ripples of twice the grid frequency,and the two proposed control targets for the rotor-side converter are alternatively achieved,which,as a result,improve the fault-ride through(FRT) capability of the DFIG based wind power generation systems during unbalanced network supply. A complete unbalanced control scheme with both grid-and rotor-side converters included is designed. Finally,simulation was carried out on a 1.5 MW wind-turbine driven DFIG system and the validity of the developed unified model and the feasibility of the proposed control strategies are all confirmed by the simulated results.

提高VSC无功功率支撑能力的直流电压补偿控制策略

传统矢量控制策略下,提高电压源换流器VSC(voltage source converter)的无功输出会使并网点电压升高。为充分发挥VSC参与交流系统无功支撑的能力,同时保证良好的电能质量,提出一种直流电压补偿控制策略。该策略根据VSC的期望无功输出自适应调整直流电压幅值,使VSC在输出大量无功功率的同时,避免因PWM过调制造成的谐波含量激增。通过状态空间模型得出了直流电压补偿控制参数的可行域。基于Matlab/Simulink详细开关模型的仿真结果验证了该策略的有效性。

Recent Developments of Modulation and Control for High-Power Current-Source-Converters Fed Electric Machine Systems

The pulse-width-modulated(PWM)current-source converters(CSCs)fed electric machine systems can be considered as a type of high reliability energy conversion systems,since they work with the long-life DC-link inductor and offer high fault-tolerant capability for short-circuit faults.Besides,they provide motor friendly waveforms and four-quadrant operation ability.Therefore,they are suitable for high-power applications of fans,pumps,compressors and wind power generation.The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively review recent developments of key technologies on modulation and control of high-power(HP)PWM-CSC fed electric machines systems,including reduction of low-order current harmonics,suppression of inductor–capacitor(LC)resonance,mitigation of common-mode voltage(CMV)and control of modular PWM-CSC fed systems.In particular,recent work on the overlapping effects during commutation,LC resonance suppression under fault-tolerant operation and collaboration of modular PMW-CSCs are described.Both theoretical analysis and some results in simulations and experiments are presented.Finally,a brief discussion regarding the future trend of the HP CSC fed electric machines systems is presented.

海上风电经VSC-HVDC系统受端电网不对称故障抑制策略

海上风电经柔性直流输电技术(即基于电压源换流器的高压直流输电系统,VSC-HVDC)送出系统中受端电网故障不仅影响受端换流站交直流侧系统的运行状态,严重情况下也会阻碍送端换流站和海上风电机组的正常运行。针对这一实际问题,分析了海上风电经VSC-HVDC送出系统中受端电网发生不对称故障的传播机理,提出了一种基于Lyapunov函数方法的负序分量抑制策略。首先,建立了海上风电机组经VSC-HVDC送出系统的拓扑结构,并分析了受端电网发生不对称故障的传播机理。其次,根据受端换流站的数学模型推导出满足Lyapunov函数全局稳定性的负序开关函数,并求解出开关函数的系数,进一步设计出相应的Lyapunov函数控制器。最后,基于MATLAB/Simulink软件仿真将所提策略与传统PI控制进行对比,验证了所提策略的正确性和有效性。

含跟网型VSC的交流系统暂态稳定解析模型及协调控制

电压源换流器(VSC)型高压直流输电系统接入,可能引起交流系统暂态稳定特性发生变化.因此,针对含跟网型VSC的交流系统开展暂态稳定解析分析.建立了故障前、故障期间和故障后系统的暂态稳定解析模型,并提出了一种基于离散积分的系统故障临界清除时间解析计算方法.基于解析模型,分析了故障期间VSC注入电流相位和幅值、故障位置对交流系统暂态稳定的影响.提出了一种增强交流系统暂态稳定性的协调控制策略,其利用广域测量系统获取临界同步机群的转子角频率,实现VSC的有功、无功电流动态调制.基于PSCAD/EMTDC搭建的多机系统电磁暂态仿真模型,验证了理论分析的正确性、所提控制策略的有效性和鲁棒性.

基于状态空间方程和开关函数的VSC电磁暂态仿真通用建模方法

随着新能源的快速发展,以电压源变换器(VSC)为代表的电力电子变换器在新型电力系统中得到广泛应用。电磁暂态仿真技术受限于仿真规模和计算效率,难以满足新型电力系统仿真分析的需求。文中提出了一种基于状态空间方程和开关函数的VSC通用建模方法,可以精确描述VSC对外端口特性,同时考虑了内部的开关状态,实现不同VSC拓扑结构的高效建模。此外,通过VSC状态空间方程的转换,该方法还可与采用节点分析法的传统电磁暂态求解算法耦合,消除VSC所在支路求解与系统全局解之间的时延。最后,通过与详细模型作为参考模型进行仿真对比,验证了所提建模方法的优点。

A Novel Polymorphic Topology with Hybrid Control Strategy Based LLC Resonant Converter for Ultra-Wide Input Voltage Range Applications

To realize effective utilization of renewable energy sources,a novel polymorphic topology with hybrid control strategy based LLC resonant converter was analyzed and designed in this paper.By combining the merits of a full bridge LLC resonant converter,three-level half bridge LLC resonant converter,and variable frequency control mode,the converter realizes an intelligent estimation of input voltage by automatically changing its internal cir-cuit topology.Under this control strategy,different input voltages determine different operation modes.This is achieved in full bridge LLC mode when the input voltage is low.If the input voltage rises to a certain level,it operates in three-level half bridge LLC mode.These switches are digital and entirely carried out by the DSP(Digi-tal Signal Processor),which means that an auxiliary circuit is unnecessary,where a simple strategy of software modification can be utilized.Experimental results of a 500W prototype with 100V~600V input voltage and full load efficiency of up to 92%are developed to verify feasibility and practicability.This type of converter is suitable for applications with an ultra-wide input voltage range,such as wind turbines,photovoltaic generators,bioenergy,and other renewable energy sources.

考虑VSC控制策略的交直流混合电网潮流计算

鉴于电压源换流器(voltage source converter,VSC)的控制策略会对含VSC交直流混合电网潮流产生直接影响,该文构建考虑多种VSC控制策略的交直流混合电网潮流计算模型。该模型通过构造等效电路建立换流站内VSC控制参数与交流电网输出功率的直接联系,以实现完整VSC电路模型下潮流方程的统一;并通过引入VSC自适应下垂控制系数作为潮流计算变量,以弥补现有方法无法适用于VSC自适应下垂控制策略电网的不足;此外,该模型将VSC调制度作为求解变量,并考虑调制度的约束问题,有效限制了调制度越限情形,还可实现调制度不同设定值下的潮流计算。基于上述模型,采用统一迭代法最终实现考虑各种VSC控制策略的交直流混合电网潮流计算,并通过算例验证模型的有效性与计算方法的快速收敛性。

构网型与跟网型VSC的功率精确分配控制策略

针对构网型电压源变换器(VSC)与跟网型VSC并列运行时系统调节能力不足及功率分配效果差的问题,提出了一种构网型VSC与跟网型VSC的功率精确分配控制策略。首先,针对跟网型VSC传统PQ控制结构的缺点,提出了改进倒下垂控制方法,使得跟网型VSC在恒功率输出的基础上具备下垂调节特性,可与构网型VSC一起响应负载扰动,提高了系统调节能力和本地负载的供电可靠性,构网型VSC采用虚拟同步机(VSG)控制。其次,引入虚拟功率控制和虚拟阻抗控制,实现构网型VSC与跟网型VSC输出功率解耦及等效线路阻抗匹配。最后,利用实验平台对所提控制策略的有效性进行验证。

Current Source Converter Based Wind Energy Conversion Systems

The increase in the installed capacity of wind energy conversion systems(WECS) has triggered the devel-opment of more demanding grid codes and additional requirements on performance.In order to meet these require-ments the industry trend has shifted to full-scale power converter interfaces in modern multi-megawatt WECS.As con-sequence,a wide variety of new power converter topologies and WECS configurations have been introduced in recent years.Among them,current source converter(CSC) based configurations have attracted attention due to a series of advantages like:simple structure,grid friendly waveforms,controllable power factor,and reliable grid short-circuit pro-tection.This paper presents the latest developments in CSC interfaces for WECS and related technologies such as modulation methods,control schemes and grid code compatibility.

Three Phase Dual Input Direct Matrix Converter for Integration of Two AC Sources from Wind Turbines

This project proposes a novel dual-input matrix converter (DIMC) which is used to integrate the output of the wind energy to a power grid. The proposed matrix converter is developed based on the traditional indirect matrix converter under reverse power flow operation mode, but with its six-switch voltage source converter replaced by a nine-switch configuration followed by the current source inverter (CSI). Matrix electric power conversion topologies and their switch functions are flexible and are used for specific applications. With the additional three switches, the proposed DIMC can provide six input terminals, which make it possible to integrate two independent AC sources from two independent wind turbines into a single grid tied power electronics interface. Commanded currents can be extracted from the two input sources to the grid. The proposed PI control and modulation schemes guaranteed sinusoidal input and output waveforms as well as reduced THD. The simulation results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control and modulation schemes for the proposed converter.