Voltage/Current-Mode Multifunction Filters Using One Current Feedback Amplifier and Grounded Capacitors

One configuration for realizing voltage-mode multifunction filters and another configuration for realizing current-mode multifunction filters using current feedback amplifiers (CFAs) are presented. The proposed voltage-mode circuit exhibit simultaneously lowpass and bandpass filters. The proposed current-mode circuit exhibit simultaneously lowpass, bandpass and highpass filters. The proposed circuits offer the following features: no requirements for component matching conditions;low active and passive sensitivities;employing only grounded capacitors and the ability to obtain multifunction filters from the same circuit configuration.

High-Performance CMOS Current Mirrors: Application to Linear Voltage-to-Current Converter Used for Two-Stage Operational Amplifier

This paper presents two schemes of high performance CMOS current mirror, one of them is used for operational tran-sconductance amplifier (OTA) in analog VLSI systems. The linearity, output impedance, bandwidth and accuracy are the most parameters to determine the performance of the current mirror. Here a comparison of two architectures based on same architecture of the amplifier is presented. This comparison includes: linearity, output impedance, bandwidth and accuracy. These two circuits are validated with simulation in technology AMS 0.35 μm. An operational amplifier based on the adapted current mirror is proposed. Its frequency analysis with large bandwidth is validated with the same technology.

A Grounded Capacitor Differentiator Using Current Feedback Amplifier

A new non-inverting RC active differentiator network base on a current feedback amplifier and using a grounded capacitor is described. Small time constant can be achieved by adjusting a single grounded resistor. Because the output impedance of the CFA is very low, the output terminal of the proposed circuit can be directly connected to the next stage. Experimental results that confirm theoretical analysis are presented.

DESIGN OF HIGH VOLTAGE POWER CONVERTER FOR TRAVELING WAVE TUBE AMPLIFIER

Traveling Wave Tubes(TWTs) are widely used in the radar and communications system as RF power amplifiers. A highly sophisticated power supply is required by TWT. In order to meet the severe requirements of Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier(TWTA), a novel two-stage topology high voltage converter for TWTA is proposed.The converter is based on Zero-Voltage Switching and Zero-Current Switching(ZVS/ZCS) resonant techniques. The high voltage converter operation principles are investigated and major features of the converter are discussed. The power switching mode of ZVS/ZCS is obtained. The experimental results show that the converter has good soft switching characteristics. Compared to the conventional hard switched Pulse Width Modulation(PWM) techniques, the high efficiency and low ripple of the converter for TWTA are realized. The efficiency of High Voltage Electronic Power Conditioners(HV-EPC) over 93.5% under the condition of 38~46 V input voltage and 260~300 W input power. The switching frequency of first-stage(preregulator) of HV-EPC is 89 k Hz and the switching frequency of second-stage(postregulator) is 44.5 k Hz. The highest output voltage of the HV-EPC is helix voltage which is about –6.8 kV. It is especially suitable for TWTA utilized in space satellite applications due to its high switching frequency and high power density.

Fuzzy System Design Using Current Amplifier for 20 nm CMOS Technology

In the recent decade,different researchers have performed hardware implementation for different applications covering various areas of experts.In this research paper,a novel analog design and implementation of different steps of fuzzy systems with current differencing buffered amplifier(CDBA)are proposed with a compact structure that can be used in many signal processing applications.The proposed circuits are capable of wide input current range,simple structure,and are highly linear.Different electrical parameters were compared for the proposed fuzzy system when using different membership functions.The novelty of this paper lies in the electronic implementation of different steps for realizing a fuzzy system using current amplifiers.When the power supply voltage of CDBA is 2V,it results in 155mW,power dissipation;4.615KΩ,input resistance;366KΩ,output resistances;and 189.09 dB,common-mode rejection ratio.A 155.519 dB,voltage gain,and 0.76V/μs,the slew rate is analyzed when the power supply voltage of CDBAis 3V.The fuzzy system is realized in 20nm CMOS technology and investigated with an output signal of high precision and high speed,illustrating that it is suitable for realtime applications.In this research paper,a consequence of feedback resistance on the adder circuit and the defuzzified circuit is also analyzed and the best results are obtained using 100K resistance.The structure has a low hardware complexity leading to a low delay and a rather high quality.

Realization of a New Current Mode Second-Order Biquad Using Two Current Follower Transconductance Amplifiers (CFTAs)

A new circuit for realization of universal current-mode filter using current Follower Transconductance Amplifiers (CFTAs) is presented. The proposed circuit realizes current-mode low pass, high pass and band pass filter functions simultaneously with a single current source at the input. The band reject and all pass filters can also be obtained from the proposed circuit without any extra hardware. The proposed circuit employs three passive grounded elements and two CFTAs. Linear electronic control of natural frequency ω0 is available in the proposed circuit. The quality factor can be independently adjusted through grounded resistor. The proposed circuit employs two grounded capacitors and a grounded resistor along with two CFTAs. The grounded resistor can be replaced by an OTA based circuit for linear electronic control of quality factor Q0. The circuit exhibits low active and passive sensitivities for ω0 and Q0. Simulation results are obtained using PSPICE software which is in conformity with the theoretical findings.

A Configuration for Realizing Voltage Controlled Floating Inductance and Its Application

A configuration using current feedback amplifiers AD844 and multiplier AD534 has been presented, which is capable of realizing Voltage Controlled Floating Inductance (proportional and in-verse proportional). The application of band pass filter in Figure 4(a), notch filter in Figure 5(a) and Hartley oscillator in Figure 6(a) and simulation result in Figures 4(b)-(d), Figures 5(b)-(d), Figures 6(b)-(d) shows the workability of proposed configuration.

Cache Memory Design for Single Bit Architecture with Different Sense Amplifiers

Most modern microprocessors have one or two levels of on-chip caches to make things run faster,but this is not always the case.Most of the time,these caches are made of static random access memory cells.They take up a lot of space on the chip and use a lot of electricity.A lot of the time,low power is more important than several aspects.This is true for phones and tablets.Cache memory design for single bit architecture consists of six transistors static random access memory cell,a circuit of write driver,and sense amplifiers(such as voltage differential sense amplifier,current differential sense amplifier,charge transfer differential sense amplifier,voltage latch sense amplifier,and current latch sense amplifier,all of which are compared on different resistance values in terms of a number of transistors,delay in sensing and consumption of power.The conclusion arises that single bit six transistor static random access memory cell voltage differential sense amplifier architecture consumes 11.34μW of power which shows that power is reduced up to 83%,77.75%reduction in the case of the current differential sense amplifier,39.62%in case of charge transfer differential sense amplifier and 50%in case of voltage latch sense amplifier when compared to existing latch sense amplifier architecture.Furthermore,power reduction techniques are applied over different blocks of cache memory architecture to optimize energy.The single-bit six transistors static random access memory cell with forced tack technique and voltage differential sense amplifier with dual sleep technique consumes 8.078μW of power,i.e.,reduce 28%more power that makes single bit six transistor static random access memory cell with forced tack technique and voltage differential sense amplifier with dual sleep technique more energy efficient.

CMOS Realization of VDTA Based Electronically Tunable Wave Active Filter with Minimum Power Consumption at Low Supply Voltage ±0.82 V

This paper presents a higher order voltage and current mode low pass or high pass filter for wave active filter based on Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifiers (VDTAs). The wave equivalent variable technique and topological simulation as well as operational realization using wave variables techniques are proposed for basic active building blocks of wave active filters. The proposed wave equivalent technique is employed for wave active filter with the proper selection of the terminal connections. This work presented the basic element for the realizing wave active filter is the series inductor with parallel grounded capacitor. The proposed wave active filter is verified by realizing a 4th order low pass and high pass Butterworth filter with minimum power consumption at ±0.82 V using SPICE simulation with 0.18 μm TSMC CMOS technology parameters.

Canonic Realizations of Voltage-Controlled Floating Inductors Using CFOAs and Analog Multipliers

New voltage-controlled floating inductors employing CFOAs and an analog multiplier have been presented which have the attractive features of using a canonic number of passive components (only two resistors and a capacitor) and not requiring any component-matching conditions and design constraints for the intended type of inductance realization. The workability and applications of the new circuits have been demonstrated by SPICE simulation and hardware experimental results based upon AD844-type CFOAs and AD633-type/MPY534 type analog multipliers.

Two Simple Analog Multiplier Based Linear VCOs Using a Single Current Feedback Op-Amp

Two simple voltage-controlled-oscillators (VCO) with linear tuning laws employing only a single current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA) in conjunction with two analog multipliers (AM) have been highlighted. The workability of the presented VCOs has been demonstrated by experimental results based upon AD844 type CFOAs and AD534 type AMs.

一种基于自适应时钟和波纹减少环路的高精度电流反馈仪表放大器

电流反馈仪表放大器芯片因其高精度、高共模抑制比等优势,广泛应用于微弱信号检测。传统CFIA利用斩波技术降低1/f噪声和失调电压以提升放大器精度,但额外引入斩波波纹会显著限制其精度提升。为此,本文提出一种基于自适应时钟和波纹减小环路的新型电流反馈仪表放大器ARCFIA,该放大器针对传统斩波放大器波纹,采用波纹减少环路RRL对其抑制,并借助自适应时钟ACLK,将斩波开关的输入参考噪声谱密度降低。实验结果表明,ARCFIA实现了低于1.4μV的低失调电压和17.2 nV/√Hz的输入参考噪声,同时波纹被减少到ARCFIA噪声基底以下,通过减小失调、噪声和波纹,实现了精度的进一步提升。此外,ARCFIA还具有一定潜力应用于复杂环境下的高精度测量系统。

红外探测器中一种电容式反馈跨阻放大器的设计

放大器电路对提高红外成像技术中红外探测器的读出精度,是至关重要的。针对电容式反馈跨阻放大器的设计进行了研究,提出了一种在反馈回路中用晶体管代替反馈电阻的新的拓扑结构。对于所提出的拓扑结构,提出并分析了与系统稳定性相关的诸如截止频率和衰减比等的总体频率响应和设计参数,从而获得高直流输入动态范围。此外,还讨论了在直流反馈回路中加入额外的电容以确保系统的稳定性。分析、仿真和实验结果的良好一致性验证了所提出的CF-TIA方案的有效性,而且所提出的电路设计在正常或低直流输入下的整体噪声性能方面相比于传统的CF-TIA方案更具优势。尽管本文中的电路采用分立元件实现,但提出的频率响应模型和稳定性分析适用于所有CF-TIA应用和CMOS芯片设计。

基于SABO算法的PMSM弱磁和MTPA控制方法

永磁同步电机因其结构紧凑、噪声较少、功耗较少、运行速度快、操作稳定,已被普遍采用。针对永磁同步电机弱磁控制过程中,转速环参数选取采用传统PI(proportional-integral)控制方法,依靠经验整定参数,外界抗干扰能力较差、难以保证在各运行区间具有优良性能等问题,提出了一种基于减法平均优化算法的永磁同步电机的弱磁和MTPA(maximum torque per ampere)控制的宽运行范围方法。将智能寻优算法、MTPA控制、弱磁控制三者相结合,利用减法平均优化算法优化PI控制器的参数,提高了系统的响应性能和抗干扰能力;工作电压未超过电压极限圆使用MTPA控制策略运行;工作电压超过电压极限圆利用电压闭环反馈,进行弱磁控制。使用MATLAB/Simulink构建的永磁同步电机弱磁控制仿真模拟,通过PI控制器和减法平均优化算法优化后的PI控制器性能对比,从仿真结果得到控制器方法的有效性。实验有效证明了该控制方法能够解决各种运行工况下控制器参数的优化整定问题,提高电机控制精度。

Low voltage floating gate MOSFET based current differencing transconductance amplifier and its applications

This article presents a low voltage low power configuration of current differencing transconductance amplifier（CDTA）based on floating gate MOSFET.The proposed CDTA variant operates at lower supply voltage±1.4 V with total static power dissipation of 2.60 mW due to the low voltage feature of floating gate MOSFET.High transconductance up to 6.21 mA/V is achieved with extended linear range of the circuit i.e.±130μA.Two applications are illustrated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed active block.A quadrature oscillator is realized using FGMOS based CDTA,two capacitors,and a resistor.The resistor is implemented using two NMOSFETs to provide high linearity and tunablility.Another application is the Schmitt trigger circuit based on the proposed CDTA variant.All circuits are simulated by using SPICE and TSMC 130 nm technology.

一种高共模电压集成差分放大器的设计

针对差分放大器芯片国产化的需求,基于兼容金属薄膜电阻40 V双极工艺,设计一款高共模抑制比(Common Mode Rejection Ratio,CMRR)、±120 V共模输入电压的集成差分放大器。文章介绍了高共模电压差分放大器的基本原理和结构组成,分析了差分放大器的设计难点,分别为共模抑制比、输入失调电流以及增益误差,采用片内集成金属薄膜电阻结合激光在线修调技术实现高共模抑制比、通过改进型的基极电流补偿结构降低了输入失调电流,减少输入失调电流对电路采样精度的影响,采用改进型达林顿管提高放大器的开环增益,降低放大器的增益误差。整体芯片尺寸为2.82 mm×2.02 mm,采用±15 V双电源供电,静态电流为1.36 mA。流片后的测试结果表明:差分放大器在正常供电时,共模抑制比达到85 dB,输入失调电流仅为84 pA,失调电流的补偿精度达到98.1%,增益误差为0.02%。

基于偏流补偿的低失调运算放大器的设计

基于双极型工艺,设计了一种具有低输入失调电压、低输入偏置电流的运算放大器。电路结构包含偏置电路、差分输入级电路、中间级电路和输出级电路。差分输入级电路采用共射-共基耦合对,能够降低失调电压,并且采用基极电流补偿结构抵消输入偏置电流在外围电路上所产生的影响,提高电路精度。中间级为整个电路提供增益,并且将双端输入信号转换为单端输出信号。输出级电路为AB类输出级,具有低静态功耗,能够提高电路效率,增大电路带负载能力并为负载提供更多功率。电路采用齐纳修调技术,在封装后对芯片进行修调,避免封装后引入的二次失调。流片后测试结果表明:在±15 V电源电压条件下,输入失调电压≤10μV,输入偏置电流≤3 nA,输入失调电流≤1.5 nA,大信号电压增益≥110 dB。

功率MOS开关的高精度电流检测电路设计

随着军工设备、工业控制、智能汽车等领域的发展,功率MOS开关驱动器的需求量不断提升,其可靠性、安全性等性能要求也在逐步提高。为保证功率MOS管在安全电流下工作,设计了一款高精度高边电流检测电路。利用复合式斩波放大器,大幅降低失调电压对电流采样精度的影响,并保证电路系统有足够的响应速度。该电路采用CSMC 0.18μm高压BCD工艺进行设计,在添加10mV的输入失调电压后,测量精度依然可以达到99%,带宽达到3MHz。

图腾柱功率因数校正器的二自由度控制分析

TPFC一般采用一自由度输出电压控制,在负载变化时输出电压动态特性较差,且启动过程存在明显超调。本文在推导TPFC双闭环控制结构基础上,引用了负载电流前馈控制和输出电压反馈补偿控制,构成两种二自由度(2DOF)控制结构。仿真分析表明,负载电流前馈型2DOF控制可以有效抑制负载变化引起的输出电压波动,但启动过程超调明显;输出电压反馈补偿型2DOF控制可以实现输出电压无超调启动,但是抑制负载变化的能力较差;综合负载电流前馈型和输出电压反馈补偿型的2DOF控制获得满意的输出电压控制效果,表现为启动过程无超调和变载过程无波动。

混合级联直流输电系统整流/逆变不同控制回路动态交互作用与稳定性研究

为了研究混合级联直流输电系统整流侧和逆变侧各换流器控制系统间的交互作用,文中首先建立混合级联直流输电系统的状态空间模型,并推导得到系统的多输入多输出传递函数模型。然后针对不同的研究目标,根据单通道分析设计理论建立等效单输入单输出反馈控制模型;在此基础上,分离出不同控制回路的耦合控制通道,定量评估系统强度、逆变侧交流联络线与控制参数等对控制回路间交互作用的影响。理论分析表明,当整流侧或逆变侧交流系统强度降低时,两侧控制回路间交互作用增强;当交流联络线长度缩短时,逆变侧电网换相换流器(line commutated converter,LCC)和模块化多电平变换器(multilevel modular converter,MMC)控制回路间的动态交互增强,各控制环节参数之间存在相互制约关系。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC上搭建混合级联直流输电系统的电磁暂态详细仿真模型,验证所建立单输入单输出反馈控制模型及上述理论分析结果的正确性。