基于记忆多项式的Volterra混合均衡器设计与研究

【目的】发光二极管(LED)的非线性特性导致可见光通信(VLC)系统的误码率(BER)性能恶化,特别是在具有较高峰均功率比(PAPR)的光正交频分复用(O⁃OFDM)系统中。基于Volterra级数的单级均衡器可以处理LED非线性高阶失真,且延时较小。但是求解传统Volterra级数需要多重积分运算,基于Volterra级数的均衡器实现复杂度高,且单级均衡器存在误差累积,因此均衡抑制效果有限。【方法】首先,针对传统Volterra级数计算复杂度高的问题,只保留Volterra级数中各阶非线性项和内核系数的高阶幂级数项,提出了基于记忆多项式的Volterra级数(MPVS)。相比于传统Volterra级数降低了计算复杂度,同时考虑了当前时刻的所有输入信号,提高了非线性系统建模的精度。然后,设计基于记忆多项式的Volterra(MPV)均衡器和基于记忆多项式的Volterra判决反馈均衡器(MPV⁃DFE),对于单级MPV⁃DFE,若判决部分一个码元判断错误,那么这种错误会连续成串出现,导致整个码元序列受到影响。文章提出将MPV和MPV⁃DFE两个非线性均衡器级联构成混合后均衡器(MPV+MPV⁃DFE)。MPV均衡器对LED非线性失真信号一级均衡,可以抑制一部分非线性失真,从而减少MPV⁃DFE码元判断错误。再经过MPV⁃DFE二次均衡,可以更好地抑制残留的非线性失真。【结果】最后,采用蒙特卡洛BER仿真方法验证系统设计的有效性。结果表明:与单级MPV均衡器、线性级联非线性混合均衡器(LMS+MPV-DFE)相比,在4阶正交幅度调制(QAM)非对称限幅光OFDM(ACO⁃OFDM)系统BER为10^(-4)时,所提混合均衡器分别可以获得大约7和2 dB的信噪比增益。【结论】MPV均衡器实现简单,且将两级非线性均衡器级联设计混合均衡器可以更好地抑制LED非线性失真。

Hadamard分数阶积分的Volterra-Fredholm型时滞积分不等式

建立了一些新的Volterra-Fredholm型的分数阶积分不等式,它们可作为研究分数阶微分方程和分数阶积分方程解的性质的有效工具.该文还给出了应用来说明结果的有效性.

简化Volterra级数的S模式信号失真恢复

机场场面多点定位利用S模式信号到达时间差实现目标定位。针对S模式信号易受接收系统内部非线性影响和机场场面复杂电磁干扰的问题,研究S模式信号失真恢复方法。根据S模式信号频谱特征和接收基站弱非线性记忆系统特征简化Volterra级数,降低计算量的同时满足Volterra级数关键核函数对S模式信号非线性失真表示能力,得到S模式信号失真恢复模型。仿真结果表明:3阶简化Volterra级数模型恢复15 dB和0 dB S模式信号前导脉冲的失真前波形,误差仅有2.23%和12.59%,且模型在典型运用环境下满足一定的适用性、抗干扰性和稳定性,为S模式信号到达时间戳的准确提取提供基础。

High-Order Volterra Model Predictive Control and Its Application to a Nonlinear Polymerisation Process

Model Predictive Control (MPC) has recently found wide acceptance in the process industry, but existing design and implementation methods are restricted to linear process models. A chemical process, however, involves severe nonlinearity which cannot be ignored in practice. This paper aims to solve this nonlinear control problem by extending MPC to accommodate nonlinear models. It develops an analytical framework for nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC). It also offers a third-order Volterra series based nonparametric nonlinear modelling technique for NMPC design, which relieves practising engineers from the need for deriving a physical-principles based model first. An on-line realisation technique for implementing NMPC is then developed and applied to a Mitsubishi Chemicals polymerisation reaction process. Results show that this nonlinear MPC technique is feasible and very effective. It considerably outperforms linear and low-order Volterra model based methods. The advantages of the developed approach lie not only in control performance superior to existing NMPC methods, but also in eliminating the need for converting an analytical model and then convert it to a Volterra model obtainable only up to the second order. Keywords Model predictive control - Volterra series - process control - nonlinear control Yun Li is a senior lecturer at University of Glasgow, UK, where has taught and researched in evolutionary computation and control engineering since 1991. He worked in the UK National Engineering Laboratory and Industrial Systems and Control Ltd, Glasgow in 1989 and 1990. In 1998, he established the IEEE CACSD Evolutionary Computation Working Group and the European Network of Excellence in Evolutionary Computing (EvoNet) Workgroup on Systems, Control, and Drives. In summer 2002, he served as a visiting professor to Kumamoto University, Japan. He is also a visiting professor at University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. His research interests are in parallel processing, design automation and discovery of engineering systems using evolutionary learning and intelligent search techniques. Applications include control, system modelling and prediction, circuit design, microwave engineering, and operations management. He has advised 12 Ph.D.s in evolutionary computation and has 140 publications.Hiroshi Kashiwagi received B.E, M.E. and Ph.D. degrees in measurement and control engineering from the University of Tokyo, Japan, in 1962, 1964 and 1967 respectively. In 1967 he became an Associate Professor and in 1976 a Professor at Kumamoto University. From 1973 to 1974, he served as a visiting Associate Professor at Purdue University, Indiana, USA. From 1990 to 1994, he was the Director at Computer Center of Kumamoto University. He has also served as a member of Board of Trustees of Society of Instrument and Control Engineers (SICE), Japan, Chairman of Kyushu Branch of SICE and General Chair of many international conferences held in Japan, Korea, Chin and India. In 1994, he was awarded SICE Fellow for his contributions to the field of measurement and control engineering through his various academic activities. He also received the Gold Medal Prize at ICAUTO’95 held in India. In 1997, he received the “Best Book Award” from SICE for his new book entitled “M-sequence and its application” written in Japanese and published in 1996 by Shoukoudou Publishing Co. in Japan. In 1999, he received the “Best Paper Award” from SICE for his paper “M-transform and its application to system identification”. His research interests include signal processing and applications, especially pseudorandom sequence and its applications to measurement and control engineering.

Power spectral density analysis for nonlinear systems based on Volterra series

A consequence of nonlinearities is a multi-harmonic response via a monoharmonic excitation.A similar phenomenon also exists in random vibration.The power spectral density(PSD)analysis of random vibration for nonlinear systems is studied in this paper.The analytical formulation of output PSD subject to the zero-mean Gaussian random load is deduced by using the Volterra series expansion and the conception of generalized frequency response function(GFRF).For a class of nonlinear systems,the growing exponential method is used to determine the first 3 rd-order GFRFs.The proposed approach is used to achieve the nonlinear system’s output PSD under a narrow-band stationary random input.The relationship between the peak of PSD and the parameters of the nonlinear system is discussed.By using the proposed method,the nonlinear characteristics of multi-band output via single-band input can be well predicted.The results reveal that changing nonlinear system parameters gives a one-of-a-kind change of the system’s output PSD.This paper provides a method for the research of random vibration prediction and control in real-world nonlinear systems.

AN ALGEBRAIC ALGORITHM TO VOLTERRA SERIES REPRESENTATION OF A NONLINEAR NETWORK

It is important to solve the nth-order Volterra kernel or nonlinear transfer function indescribing a nonlinear network by the Volterra series.Based on an auxiliary algebraic expression ofthe Volterra series,an algebraic algorithm is proposed to evaluate the nth-order Volterra kernel andnonlinear transfer function in regular,triangular and symmetric forms.In addition,the complexity ofthe algebraic algorithm is improved.

Numerical Solution of Nonlinear Fredholm-Volterra Integtral Equations via Piecewise Constant Function by Collocation Method

In this work, we present a computational method for solving nonlinear Fredholm-Volterra integral equations of the second kind which is based on replacement of the unknown function by truncated series of well known Block-Pulse functions (BPfs) expansion. Error analysis is worked out that shows efficiency of the method. Finally, we also give some numerical examples.

Regularization and Choice of the Parameter for the Third Kind Nonlinear Volterra-Stieltjes Integral Equation Solutions

The article is considering the third kind of nonlinear Volterra-Stieltjes integral equations with the solution by Lavrentyev regularizing operator. A uniqueness theorem was proved, and a regularization parameter was chosen. This can be used in further development of the theory of the integral equations in non-standard problems, classes in the numerical solution of third kind Volterra-Stieltjes integral equations, and when solving specific problems that lead to equations of the third kind.

Runge-Kutta Method and Bolck by Block Method to Solve Nonlinear Fredholm-Volterra Integral Equation with Continuous Kernel

In this paper, the existence and uniqueness of the solution of Fredholm-Volterra integral equation is considered (NF-VIE) with continuous kernel;then we used a numerical method to reduce this type of equations to a system of nonlinear Volterra integral equations. Runge-Kutta method (RKM) and Bolck by block method (BBM) are used to solve the system of nonlinear Volterra integral equations of the second kind (SNVIEs) with continuous kernel. The error in each case is calculated.

Connection between Volterra series and perturbation method in nonlinear systems analyses

This paper is concerned with the connection between the Volterra series and the regular perturbation method in nonlinear systems analyses. It is revealed for the first time that, for a forced polynomial nonlinear system, if its derived linear system is a damped dissipative system, the steady response obtained through the regular perturbation method is exactly identical to the response given by the Volterra series. On the other hand, if the derived linear system is an undamped conservative system, then the Volterra series is incapable of modeling the forced polynomial nonlinear system. Numerical examples are further presented to illustrate these points. The results provide a new criterion for quickly judging whether the Volterra series is applicable for modeling a given polynomial nonlinear system.

Existence of Solutions to Nonlinear Impulsive Volterra Integral Equations in Banach Spaces

In this paper, the existence of solutions is studied for nonlinear impulsive Volterra integral equations with infinite moments of impulse effect on the half line R^+ in Banach spaces.By the use of a new comparison result and recurrence method, the new existence theorems are achieved under a weaker compactness-type condition, which generalize and improve the related results for this class of equations with finite moments of impulse effect on finite interval and infinite moments of impulse effect on infinite interval.

Collocation Method for Nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm Integral Equations

A fully discrete version of a piecewise polynomial collocation method based on new collocation points, is constructed to solve nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm integral equations. In this paper, we obtain existence and uniqueness results and analyze the convergence properties of the collocation method when used to approximate smooth solutions of Volterra- Fredholm integral equations.

On Existence of Entropy Solution for a Doubly Nonlinear Differential Equation with L1 -Data

We consider a class of doubly nonlinear history-dependent problems having a convection term and a pseudomonotone nonlinear diffusion operator associated an equation of the type ?t(k * (b(v) - b(v0))) - div(a(x,Dv) + F(v)) = f where the right hand side belongs to L1. The kernel k belongs to the large class of PC kernels. In particular, the case of fractional time derivatives of order α ∈ (0,1) is included. Assuming b nondecreasing with L1-data, we prove existence in the framework of entropy solutions. The approach adopted for the proof is based on a several step approximation method and by using a result in the case of a strictly increasing b.

非线性三维Volterra积分方程的一个高阶数值格式

利用修正的block-by-block方法构造了非线性三维Volterra积分方程的一个高阶一致收敛的数值格式。该高阶数值格式具有一致的收敛阶,理论分析表明数值格式的收敛阶为4阶,并通过两个的数值算例以验证数值方案的适用性和有效性。

一类非线性系统的广义伴随线性方程分析研究

非线性输出频率响应函数是线性系统理论中频率响应函数在非线性系统中的一种推广,越来越多的学者已将其应用在结构损伤检测及故障诊断中.基于Volterra级数理论与由非线性微分方程描述的单输入单输出非线性系统的广义频率响应函数递归计算公式,利用多重积分性质和多维傅里叶变换,将广义频率响应函数映射到了一维频域中,推导出了一类非线性系统的广义伴随线性方程计算公式.研究表明,这类系统的第n阶非线性输出响应是以系统输入激励和前n-1阶非线性输出响应的组合函数作为广义激励作用到系统各阶广义伴随线性方程中的输出响应,最后通过求解一系列线性微分方程可得到这类非线性系统的任意阶非线性输出响应,其结果弥补了伴随线性方程无法求解这类非线性系统的不足.同时,针对广义伴随线性方程的数值计算问题,论文提出了一种耦合计算法,提高了计算非线性输出响应的精度,为非线性输出频率响应函数的计算提供了一种新思路.最后利用广义伴随线性方程与线性算子理论研究了两种典型非线性系统中非线性现象产生的原因,研究结果为非线性系统的分析与设计提供了一种有效途径.

一种宽带非线性信道校正方法

针对高速数传解调器接收宽带高阶调制信号时因信道非线性导致的性能恶化问题,提出一种基于两层自适应均衡网络的非线性信道校正方法。该方法先利用递归最小二乘法获得Volterra非线性前置校正系数,再利用自适应基带均衡器消除信道的剩余影响,以提升解调器的捕获跟踪能力,并在高速数传解调器工程应用中实现2.4 Gb/s 16QAM信号的稳定接收。

基于Volterra级数的全解耦RLS自适应辨识算法

针对非线性系统辨识问题,提出了一种基于Volterra级数模型的非线性系统的全解耦RLS自适应辨识算法。按照Volterra伪线性组合结构,采用RLS自适应辨识和约束优化理论,导出了具有分块对角形输入相关矩阵的全解耦Volterra标准方程,据此设计了一种基于Volterra级数模型的全解耦的RLS自适应辨识算法。该算法与部分解耦的RLS自适应算法相比,显著提高了辨识过程的收敛速度和精度。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。

基于Volterra级数的转子故障诊断研究

在简要介绍了Volterra级数基本理论的同时,应用遗传算法对Volterra级数的核进行了辨识,并取得了良好的辨识效果。与传统的基于信号处理的诊断方法不同,该方法将基于系统模型的Volterra级数非线性故障诊断方法应用于转子轴承系统的故障诊断,研究了转子在正常状态和碰摩状态下的起车过程中Volterra级数核的变化。实验结果验证了该方法的可行性与有效性。

基于Volterra级数的非线性非定常气动力降阶模型

发展了一种基于Volterra级数的非线性非定常气动力降阶模型。着重探讨了基于CFD/CSD耦合计算的Volterra核辨识方法。CFD/CSD耦合计算采用了一种简单的动网格快速生成方法,气动网格与结构网格节点间的物理信息交换采用一种改进的CVT方法。通过与CFD/CSD直接计算的结果对比,表明非定常气动力Volterra级数模型是一种效率高、精度好、能描述非线性、便于使用的降阶模型,特别适用于预测结构做非定常运动下的非定常气动力。