Characteristic analysis of scattering field in two-layer media by Green's function

The problem of three-dimensional(3D) acoustic scattering in a complex medium has aroused considerable interest of researchers for many years. An ultrasonic scattered field calculating technique is proposed to study the scattering echo from strongly scattered materials in a two-layer medium in this work. Firstly, with the high frequency stationary phase method,the Green's function of two-layer fluid media is derived. And then based on the idea of integral equation discretization,the Green's function method is extended to two-layer fluid media to derive the scattering field expression of defects in a complex medium. With this method, the scattering field of 3D defect in a two-layer medium is calculated and the characteristics of received echoes are studied. The results show that this method is able to solve the scattering P wave field of 3D defect with arbitrary shape at any scattering intensity in two-layer media. Considering the circumstance of waterimmersion ultrasonic non-destructive test(NDT), the scattering sound field characteristics of different types of defects are analyzed by simulation, which will help to optimize the detection scheme and corresponding imaging method in practice so as to improve the detection quality.

Finite Volume Time Domain with the Green Function Method for Electromagnetic Scattering in Schwarzschild Spacetime

The finite volume time domain(FVTD) algorithm and Green function algorithm are extended to Schwarzschild spacetime for numerical simulation of electromagnetic scattering. The FVTD method in Schwarzschild spacetime is developed by filling the flat spacetime with an equivalent medium. The Green function in Schwarzschild spacetime is acquired by solving initial value problems. Both the FVTD code and the Green function code are validated by numerical results. Scattering in Schwarzschild spacetime is simulated with these methods.

Stability of the Dividing Distribution Function Method for ParticleSize Distribution Analysis in Small Angle X－Ray Scattering

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A Study on Ionospheric HF Channel with Bitemporal Response and Scattering Function

At first the bitemporal response method is introd uced to solve the scattering function of the ionospheric channel. We can get the scattering function as a function of the group path time delay and Doppler freq uency. Thus Doppler effect resulting from the continuous movement of the ionosp here is analyzed to study the characteristics of the various ionospheric irregul arities and disturbance. many possible problems and correction are rese arched lastly.

A whole-space transform formula of cylindrical wave functions for scattering problems

The theory of elastic wave scattering is a fundamental concept in the study of elastic dynamics and wave motion,and the wave function expansion technique has been widely used in many subjects.To supply the essential tools for solving wave scattering problems induced by an eccentric source or multi-sources as well as multi-scatters,a whole-space transform formula of cylindrical wave functions is presented and its applicability to some simple cases is demonstrated in this study.The transforms of wave functions in cylindrical coordinates can be classifi ed into two basic types: interior transform and exterior transform,and the existing Graf's addition theorem is only suitable for the former.By performing a new replacement between the two coordinates,the exterior transform formula is fi rst deduced.It is then combined with Graf's addition theorem to establish a whole-space transform formula.By using the whole-space transform formula,the scattering solutions by the sources outside and inside a cylindrical cavity are constructed as examples of its application.The effectiveness and advantages of the whole-space transform formula is illustrated by comparison with the approximate model based on a large cycle method.The whole-space transform formula presented herein can be used to perform the transform between two different cylindrical coordinates in the whole space.In addition,its concept and principle are universal and can be further extended to establish the coordinate transform formula of wave functions in other coordinate systems.

Selective Determination of Nanogram γ-Globulin in Human Blood Serum by Resonance Light Scattering of Functionalized NanoPbS

Functionalized nano-PbS has been prepared and characterized. The functionalized nanoparticles have good dispersibility in water. Reaction of functionalized nanoPbS with gglobulin (gIgG) results an enhanced resonance light scattering (RLS) around 385 nm. However, when the content of HSA is lower than 0.5 mg ml-1 the RLS enhancement is very weak and is nonlinear to concentration of HSA. Based on these results, a new direct quantitative determination method for gglobulin in blood serum samples without separation is established. Under optimal conditions, the enhanced RLS intensity is in proportion to the gIgG concentration in the range 10500 ng/mL. The limit of detection is 2.75 ng/mL. This method is proved to be very sensitive, rapid, simple and selective for detection of gIgG in blood serum.

Approximations of the Scattering Phase Functions of Particles

基于异常衍射理论和修改 Rayleigh-Debye 近似，在衔接形式的一个身体上现实主义的模型被描述接近粒子的散布阶段功能。什么时候与准确方法相比，这里报导的衔接的技术提供合理近似给 Mie 在大量角度和尺寸参数上结果，并且它表明是的优点计算联盟者经济。另外，新阶段功能模型能实质上被扩大到另外的形状并且方便地在更复杂的散布和与放射的转移方程的答案有关的排放问题使用了。

SCATTERING FUNCTION OF POLYMER BLENDS

For a system of flexible polymer molecules, the concepts of two concentrations, namely the segmental and the molecular concentrations, have been proposed in this paper. The former is equivalent to the volume fraction. The latter can be defined as the number of the gravity centers of macromolecules in a unit volume. The two concentrations should be correlated with each other by the conformational function of the polymer chain and should be discussed in different thermodynamic equations. On the basis of these concepts it has been proved that the Flory-Huggins entropy of mixing should be the result of the mixing "ideal gases of the gravity centers of macromolecules". The general correlation between the free energy of mixing and the scattering function (structural factor) of polymer blends has been studied based on the general fluctuation theory. When the Flory-Huggins free energy of mixing is adopted, the de Gennes scattering function of a polymer blend can be derived.

Reducing the calculation workload of the Green function for electromagnetic scattering in a Schwarzschild gravitational field

When the finite difference time domain(FDTD) method is used to solve electromagnetic scattering problems in Schwarzschild space-time, the Green functions linking source/observer to every surface element on connection/output boundary must be calculated.When the scatterer is electrically extended, a huge amount of calculation is required due to a large number of surface elements on the connection/output boundary.In this paper, a method for reducing the calculation workload of Green function is proposed.The Taylor approximation is applied for the calculation of Green function.New transport equations are deduced.The numerical results verify the effectiveness of this method.

VECTOR WAVE FUNCTION EXPANSION FOR SOLVING ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING BY BURIED OBJECTS

An analysis of solving the electromagnetic scattering by buried objects using vectorwave function expansion is presented.For expanding the boundary conditions both on the planarair-earth interface and on the spherical surface,the conversion relations between the cylindricaland spherical vector wave functions are derived.Hence the vector wave function expansion isconveniently applied to solve this complex boundary-value problem.For the excitation of the in-cident plane wave and the dipole above the earth,the scatterlng patterns of the buried conductingand dielectric spheres are presented and discussed.

Multilevel Characteristic Basis Function Method with ACA for Accelerated Solution of Electrically Large Scattering Problems

The multilevel characteristic basis function method(MLCBFM)with the adaptive cross approximation(ACA)algorithm for accelerated solution of electrically large scattering problems is studied in this paper.In the conventional MLCBFM based on Foldy-Lax multiple scattering equations,the improvement is only made in the generation of characteristic basis functions(CBFs).However,it does not provide a change in impedance matrix filling and reducing matrix calculation procedure,which is time-consuming.In reality,all the impedance and reduced matrix of each level of the MLCBFM have low-rank property and can be calculated efficiently.Therefore,ACA is used for the efficient generation of two-level CBFs and the fast calculation of reduced matrix in this study.Numerical results are given to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the method.

Scattering of Geometric Algebra Wave Functions and Collapse in Measurements

The research considers wavelike objects that are elements of even subalgebra of geometric algebra in three dimensions. The used formalism particularly eliminates long existing confusion about the reasons behind the appearance of the imaginary unit in quantum mechanics and introduces clear definition of wave functions. When a wave function acts through the Hopf fibration on a localized geometric algebra element, that is executing a measurement, the result can be named as “collapse” of the wave function.

Multiple Scattering Between Adjacent Sound Sources in Head-Related Transfer Function Measurement System

To accelerate head-related transfer functions(HRTFs)measurement,two or more independent sound sources are usually employed in the measurement system.However,the multiple scattering between adjacent sound sources may influence the accuracy of measurement.On the other hand,the directivity of sound source could induce measurement error.Therefore,a model consisting of two spherical sound sources with approximate omni-directivity and a rigid-spherical head is proposed to evaluate the errors in HRTF measurement caused by multiple scattering between sources.An example of analysis using multipole re-expansion indicates that the error of ipsilateral HRTFs are within the bound of±1.0 dB below a frequency of 20 kHz,provided that the sound source radius does not exceed 0.025 m,the source distance relative to head center is not less than 0.5 m,and the angular interval between two adjacent sources is not less than 20 degrees.Similar conclusions under different conditions can also be analyzed and discussed by using this calculation method.Furthermore,the results are verified by measurements of HRTFs for a rigid sphere and a KEMAR artificial head.

Solving the atmospheric scattering optical transfer function using the multi-coupled single scattering method

The atmospheric scattering optical transfer function(OTF) is solved by applying the multi-coupled single scattering(MCSS) method to the three-dimensional radiative transfer equation(RTE) under the periodic ground condition. This approach is a direct hit to the atmospheric scattering OTF using the same original context of modulation transfer function(MTF) measurement, i.e., images of sinusoidal grating at different spatial frequencies. Both the amplitude and phase shift of the OTF at various zenith and azimuth angles can be obtained at an arbitrary spatial frequency.

Research on the acoustic scattering function and coherence properties from rough seafloor based on finite element model

Acoustic scattering from a rough sea bottom is recognized as a main source of reverberation. In this study, scattering properties from a layered bottom were exploited based on the finite element model. The scattering strength and loss from the layered rough seabed were investigated by ensembling the realizations of rough interface. They were found to be dependent on the thickness of sediment, and interference was significant in the case of thin sediment. Through verification of the finite element model, the scattering loss could be evaluated using the Eckart model with a proper sound speed in the thick sediment. The multiple scattering effect on the sound field was also exploited. It revealed that the effect depended strongly on the bottom type.

π~±Elastic Scattering and Excitation Function of Pion SCX Reaction on ^(13)C

The elastic scattering of 162 MeV л± from 13C and the excitation function of 13C（л+,л0）13N are analyzed in the frame of the Glauber theory.The nuclear wave function is assumedto be constructed by a valence nucleon plus a core of 12C which is described by an independent αcluster model.A good agreement between the theory and experiment is obtained.

体散射函数及衰减系数快速剖面仪的研发及应用

水体体散射函数(volume scattering function, VSF,β(θ,λ))、吸收系数a(λ)及衰减系数c(λ)是海水固有光学特性的基础性参数,基于上述参数可以进一步推算得到水体所有特征性光学特性参数,进而为海洋初级生产力、全球碳循环等基础和前端领域研究以及水色遥感、水环境监测及灾害预警、水下光场分布、目标追踪、光伏发电等军民融合领域的应用和发展提供重要的数据支撑。受限于体散射函数的强方向性,其测量技术难度大且发展不成熟。文章以高角度分辨率多角度体散射函数及衰减系数高频剖面测量为目标,研发了可同步获取17个角度体散射函数、水体衰减系数、剖面深度及温度信息的快速剖面测量仪(volume scattering and attenuation meter,VSAM),其测量频率最高可达20Hz,体散射函数测量角度范围为10°~170°,角度分辨率10°,剖面最大工作深度200m。利用VSAM对三亚湾和崖州湾水体光学特性分布进行剖面调查研究:整体上,崖州湾和三亚湾水体体散射函数及衰减系数均存在较大的水平、垂直及角度(体散射函数)变化特征;同一水层,自西向东衰减及体散射函数呈递减趋势;同一站位,衰减及体散射函数随剖面深度呈递增趋势;前向10°体散射函数最大,后向120°体散射函数最小,前后向体散射函数相差2个数量级甚至更高。结合同期获取的水体浊度和叶绿素浓度剖面调查结果发现,浊度是崖州湾水体体散射函数及衰减系数显著高于三亚湾的主导贡献者,且上述海域水体浊度与颗粒物散射βp(90°, 650)及衰减cp(6 50)具有很好的线性相关性。VSAM测得的衰减系数及后向体散射函数分别与Viper(Trios公司,德国)及ECO-VSF3 (Seabird公司,美国)测量结果在剖面分布上具有较好的一致性。

多功能草方格沙障自动铺设机械车

为有效提高草方格铺设的效率和质量、促进草方格铺设由机械化向自动化、智能化迈进,根据人工铺设草方格流程,以散草作为原材料,设计了一种自动进行草方格铺设的机械车,用于完成分草、送草、插草和固草动作,并在此基础上赋予机械车播种和喷洒土壤改良剂功能,解决人工铺草工序繁多的问题,将工程治沙、生物治沙和土壤改良剂使用相结合实现综合治沙。另外,进行路径优化,创新铺设模式,通过三边错位铺设模式和单边模式相结合,有效避免对已铺设草方格的破坏。为铺设散草、机械化向智能化转变提供解决思路。

Au溶胶中咖啡酸分子的表面增强拉曼光谱实验与理论研究

在加热条件下利用氯金酸与柠檬酸钠的还原反应制备出胶体金,并使用拉曼光谱仪测量出咖啡酸(CA)分子常规拉曼散射(NRS)光谱及其吸附在Au纳米颗粒上的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱。采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法,选用6-31+G**基组作为C、H、O的计算基组,选用赝势基组LANL2DZ作为Au的计算基组。首先对体系结构进行优化,并在此基础上计算CA分子的NRS光谱及CA分子与Au纳米颗粒吸附后3种可能模型的SERS光谱。对比分析可知,CA分子上的羧基和羟基共同与Au团簇吸附的构型计算得到的结果与实验数据最符合。接着进一步对CA分子的振动模式进行了详细指认,结果表明,CA分子与Au纳米颗粒是通过CA分子上的羧基和羟基吸附在一起的。最后通过计算CA分子及CA分子与Au纳米颗粒吸附后的分子前线轨道,进一步确定了CA分子在Au溶胶中的吸附方式。

SCATTERING FAR FIELD SOLUTION OF SH-WAVE BY MOVABLE RIGID CYLINDRICAL INTERFACE INCLUSION

The Green’s function is used to solve the scattering far field solution of SH-wave by a mov-able rigid cylindrical interface inclusion in a linear elastic body.First,a suitable Green’s function is devel-oped,which is the fundamental displacement solution of an elastic half space with a movable rigid half-cylin-drical inclusion impacted by out-of-plane harmonic line source loaded at any point of its horizontal surface.By using the Green’s function,a series of Fredholm integral equations of the first kind which determine thescattering far field can be set up.Then the paper gives the expressions on the far field including the displace-ment mode of scattering wave and the solution of scattering cross-section.Finally,some examples and nu-merical results are discussed to analyze the influence of the combination of different media parameters on theanswer of far field.