Voluntary wheel running ameliorated the deleterious effects of high-fat diet on glucose metabolism,gut microbiota and microbial-associated metabolites

Exercise training is critical for the early prevention and treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus.However,the mechanism with gut microbiota and fecal metabolites underlying the effects of voluntary wheel running on high-fat diet induced abnormal glucose metabolism has not been fully elaborated.C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups according to diets(fed with normal chow diet or high-fat diet)and running paradigm(housed in static cage or with voluntary running wheel).An integrative 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolites profiling was synchronously performed to characterize the effects of voluntary wheel running on gut microbiota and metabolites.It showed that voluntary wheel running prevented the detrimental effects of high-fat feeding on glucose metabolism 16S rDNA sequencing showed remarkable changes in Rikenella and Marvinbryantia genera.Metabolic profiling indicated multiple altered metabolites,which were enriched in secondary bile acid biosynthesis signaling.In conclusion,our study indicated that voluntary wheel running significantly improved glucose metabolism and counteracted the deleterious effects of high-fat feeding on body weight and glucose intolerance.We further found that voluntary wheel running could integratively program gut microbiota composition and fecal metabolites changes,and may regulate muricholic acid metabolism and secondary bile acid biosynthesis in high-fat fed mice.

Effect of Extending Voluntary Waiting Period on Health of Holstein Friesian Dairy Cows

The aim of this of this experimental study to investigate the effect of 3 voluntary waiting periods (VWP) on health of dairy cows. A total of 100 lactations of 100 Holstein Friesian cows with high milk production (average 9.442 ± 620 kg) were randomly (based on the ear tags digits of cows) distributed to 1 to 3 experimental groups with VWP of 50 (VWPG50;n = 32), 100 (VWPG100;n = 34) or 150 days (VWPG150;n = 34). Observations relating to diseases of the cows were made by the farm veterinarian and research personnel. Were defined eight disease: puerperal fever, retained fetal membranes, displaced abomasum, metritis, clinical ketosis, clinical mastitis, ovarian cysts, and claw diseases. The experimental days (ED) were from 4 days in milk (DIM) to 100 days after the next calving. The experiment was managed at Dairy Research Farm ?imnic-Craiova January 2018 to December 2022. A clear set of clinical signs were used to define a case at the diseases without the need for laboratory confirmation. Values of Lactational incidence risk (LIR) median postpartum days at diagnosis and pairwise comparison of proportion between VWPs were calculated. LIR for puerperal fiver, retained fetal membranes, displaced abomasum, clinical ketosis, clinical mastitis, ovarian cysts and claw disease were 4;5;2;8;8;and 4% respectively. Numerically, cows with VWP of 100 and150 days had more disease cases compared with VWP of 50 days. The differences between experimental groups of cows regarding proportions of cows with disease cases were not statistically significant. Any of the eight disorders reported in this study was analyzed independently to other health problems. For all enrolled cows (n = 100) VWP was extended until 100 or 150 days postpartum with no effect on the lactational incidence risk for the eight disorders analyzed.

Enhancement of motor functional recovery in thoracic spinal cord injury: voluntary wheel running versus forced treadmill exercise

Spinal cord injury necessitates effective rehabilitation strategies, with exercise therapies showing promise in promoting recovery. This study investigated the impact of rehabilitation exercise on functional recovery and morphological changes following thoracic contusive spinal cord injury. After a 7-day recovery period after spinal cord injury, mice were assigned to either a trained group(10 weeks of voluntary running wheel or forced treadmill exercise) or an untrained group. Bi-weekly assessments revealed that the exercise-trained group, particularly the voluntary wheel exercise subgroup, displayed significantly improved locomotor recovery, more plasticity of dopaminergic and serotonin modulation compared with the untrained group. Additionally, exercise interventions led to gait pattern restoration and enhanced transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potentials. Despite consistent injury areas across groups, exercise training promoted terminal innervation of descending axons. In summary, voluntary wheel exercise shows promise for enhancing outcomes after thoracic contusive spinal cord injury, emphasizing the role of exercise modality in promoting recovery and morphological changes in spinal cord injuries. Our findings will influence future strategies for rehabilitation exercises, restoring functional movement after spinal cord injury.

Factors Associated with Voluntary Cosmetic Depigmentation in Schools in the Collines Department (Benin)

Skin depigmentation is a worrying practice that is gaining popularity, particularly among young girls. However, this practice poses health risks. It also reflects a negative view of black skin color. This was a cross-sectional study carried out between April and May 2023 which involved 1039 female students from schools and universities in the Collines department selected by stratified sampling. Data was collected during a face-to-face interview using a questionnaire providing information on the demographic, socio-cultural, and economic characteristics of the girls. The depigmentation products used were identified as well as the complications caused by the use of these products. Statistical analysis made it possible to calculate the frequencies and logistic regression made it possible to identify the factors associated with depigmentation. The prevalence of depigmentation among the girls surveyed was 78.2%. The main products used were soaps based on mercurial derivative and hydroquinone (21.6%) and lotions based on hydroquinone and corticosteroids (75.7%). The factors associated with the practice of depigmentation were the ethnicity of the respondents (OR = 2.52;95% CI = [0.47 - 13.33], p = 0.001);the average monthly income of the parents (OR = 3.26;95% CI = [1.71 - 6.09], p = 0.003);the opinion of the respondents on depigmentation (OR = 2.48;95% CI = [0.84 - 7.3], p < 0.001) and the value given to light skin versus black skin (OR = 3.41;95% CI = [2.32 - 5.01], p < 0.001). In conclusion, the prevalence of depigmentation among the girls surveyed is high. Consequently, reinforced awareness measures and stricter control of bleaching products are imperative to address this high prevalence of the phenomenon.

Poor Wheel-Running Exercise Can Decrease Blood Pressure through Hormonal Control and Increase Endurance Exercise Capacity in Middle-Aged Normal Rats

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of voluntary wheel-running (WR) on body weight (BW), waist circumference, mesenteric fat mass (MFM), adipocyte size, circulating cytokines/hormones, blood pressure (BP) and exercise endurance capacity in 11-month-old normal rats. Three-week WR with about 0.2 km of daily running distance caused a gradual loss in BW despite an increased intake of food/water. MFM decreased as daily running distance increased. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between MFM and BW, waist circumference or adipocyte size. On the other hand, WR significantly decreased systolic/diastolic BPs, and increased endurance exercise capacity. WR rat sera contained lower concentrations of angiotensin II, aldosterone, vasopressin and endothelin-1 and higher concentration of brain natriuretic peptide compared with sedentary rat sera. Thus, WR-induced reduction in resting BPs may be accomplished by attenuated vasoconstriction, enhanced vasodilatation and reduction in blood volume. In addition, circulating vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 were higher in WR rats, suggesting angiogenesis, anti-inflammation and insulin-sensitization. These results support a prevalent idea that daily light-exercise is a potential strategy for preventing metabolic syndrome.

2012—2022年广州地区抗-HIV阳性无偿献血者人群特征及趋势分析

目的调查2012—2022年广州地区无偿献血人群人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染的人群信息,分析其特征及趋势,为制定有针对性的防治措施提供数据支持,探讨新形势下保障用血安全的措施。方法采用2种酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)试剂和1种核酸检测(NAT)试剂对2012—2022年广州地区的无偿献血标本进行HIV抗原抗体检测和HIV RNA筛查,检出反应性的血液标本送至广州疾病预防控制中心进行抗-HIV确证实验(蛋白免疫印迹法),并对确证抗-HIV阳性的献血者进行人群特征分析。结果2012—2022年广州地区无偿献血人群共3351596份献血者标本。抗-HIV确证阳性有708份,总阳性率为21.12/10万,抗-HIV阳性率整体呈下降趋势(P<0.05)。其中:1)不同年龄段的抗-HIV阳性率由高到低依次是25~34岁组、35~44岁组、18~24岁组、≥45岁组(P<0.05);2)初次献血者抗-HIV阳性率(39.23/10万)显著高于重复献血者(10.78/10万)(P<0.05);3)男性献血者抗-HIV阳性率(30.45/10万)显著高于女性(3.46/10万)(P<0.05);4)个体献血者抗-HIV阳性率(32.18/10万)高于团体献血者(9.10/10万)(P<0.05)。结论2012—2022年广州地区无偿献血人群中,抗-HIV确证阳性率呈现逐年下降的趋势,与无偿献血及艾滋病预防系列政策落实呈显著正相关性。青年人群仍然是HIV高危人群集中区,应多渠道加强艾滋病预防知识的宣传教育。初次献血者的抗-HIV阳性率远高于重复献血者,建议进一步优化献血前的健康征询和体检过程,多措施筛查高危行为人群的献血行为。加强固定献血者的艾滋病预防等宣传教育,坚持从低危人群中招募献血者,并加强献血后保密性弃血途径告知工作。

HBsAg ELISA+/HBV DNA NAT-献血者血清学与分子生物学特征分析

目的 了解西安地区无偿献血人群HBsAg ELISA检测结果与HBV DNA检测结果不一致的标本相关血清学标志物的分布情况。方法 收集2022年11月1日—2023年4月30日陕西省血液中心HBsAg ELISA+/HBV DNA NAT-(ELISA+/NAT-)标本共计71份,对其采用电化学发光法检测乙肝血清学标志物,同时复检巢式PCR扩增HBV S区和C区基因片段。结果 双ELISA+/NAT-标本(n=30)巢式PCR检测阳性率远高于单ELISA+/NAT-标本(n=41)(60%vs 24.40%,P<0.05)。前者献血者100%为初次献血者,血清抗-HBc阳性率100%,血清学模式以1、4、5此3项阳性(80%)为主;后者献血者中31.7%为重复献血者,血清抗-HBc阳性率仅为19.51%,血清学模式以单2项阳性(43.90%)和全阴(36.58%)为主。结论 单ELISA+结果存在较多假阳性,导致不必要的血液报废;而NAT-标本可能存在低水平的HBV DNA,产生漏检风险。建议针对单HBsAg ELISA+/NAT-献血者,采用多套系统多种方法追溯检测,提高献血者HBV筛查的准确度,减少不必要的血液浪费。

Incentivization and the moral problem of involuntary consent in medical research

The legal and moral permissibility of clinical research entails that researchers must secure the voluntary,informed consent of prospective research participants before enrolling them in studies.In seeking the consent of potential participants,researchers are also allowed to incentivise the recruitment process because many studies would fail to meet enrollment goals without a financial incentive for participation.Some philosophers and bioethicists contend that the use of incentives to secure consent from research subjects is problematic because it constitutes undue inducement and a coercive offer.Some proponents of this view are Ruth Macklin(1981,1989)and Joan McGregor(2005).Macklin claims that it is ethically inappropriate to pay research subjects.The payment is likely to coerce the research subject,thereby violating the ethical requirement on the voluntariness of research participation.Also,such offers can prompt subjects to lie,deceive or conceal information that,if known,would disqualify them as participants.For McGregor,incentives could be undue and coercive because they make offerees better off relative to their baseline as well as constrain them to accept the offer of incentives as the only eligible choice or option.I argue that coercive offers are distinct from undue inducement.Coercive offers are essentially morally objectionable because by making people accept an offer through threats for the sake of some interests or ends,the offeror vitiates the offeree’s capacity to make informed,voluntary,and rational decisions and choices.I further claim that the quantity of an incentive does not render an inducement undue.I contend that the only condition under which incentives are regarded as an undue inducement and as such vitiates an agent’s voluntary consent is if they are offered through deceptive or manipulative means.

献血者使用HIV抗病毒治疗药物对血液安全的影响

目的分析深圳市无偿献血者中使用抗病毒治疗(ART)药物对血液安全的潜在风险。方法应用液相色谱-质谱联用技术(HPLC-MS/MS),检测定期献血者(阴性对照组n=86)、抗-HIV阳性检出者(实验组n=98,检出于2019—2023年约44万献血者)血浆中ART药物,探明阴性对照组ART药物血浆基线浓度,分析使用ART药物对血液安全的影响。结果86例阴性对照组血浆标本未检测到基线浓度的ART药物;98例实验组1∶2人份混合血浆标本中,经拆分确证检出4例ART药物标本,ART药物检出率为4.08%。其中,3例检出ART药物替诺福韦、拉米夫定、依非韦伦,1例检出拉米夫定、洛匹那韦、利托那韦、齐多夫定。结论深圳地区抗-HIV阳性检出者中存在使用ART药物情况,需要进一步探究此类人群献血动机,识别高危人群,保障血液安全。

公立医院志愿服务项目化管理的实践与探索

志愿服务是社会文明进步的重要标志,公立医院开展志愿服务项目化运作,可以精准丰富服务内容,改善患者就医体验,充分发挥品牌社会效应,是医疗机构志愿服务制度化、规范化发展中一个重要的实施过程。文章分别从项目开发、实施、监控及评估四个方面着手,就如何构建公立医院志愿服务项目化管理模式进行系统阐述,并结合实际分析项目化建设的困境及应对,为公立医院志愿服务项目化管理与品牌建设提供借鉴和参考,助力公立医院高质量发展。

强制与自愿二元定位下《证券法》ESG信息披露制度的体系完善

如何提升ESG信息披露的数量与质量,是当下ESG信息披露制度完善的首要目标。现有研究主要基于ESG强制性信息披露可以弥补自愿性监管不足之逻辑,认为应加强ESG信息披露的强制性;却忽略了自愿性信息披露的价值,以及在为何加强、如加强强制性方面论证不足。首先,理论研究发现,自愿性信息披露具有强制性信息披露不可替代的优势,其灵活性更契合ESG信息披露的个性化特征,形成更有效的市场信息;另一方面,自愿性与强制性信息披露是不可割裂的,在制度功能、披露内容与制度构建上具有关联性、互补性。完善的ESG信息披露制度需要强制性与自愿性的二元结合。其次,ESG的功能定位直接影响监管模式的选择。监管部门如将ESG定位为促进公司长期价值的工具,即属于公司自治范畴,采用自愿立场;如将ESG定位为社会治理的手段,往往会提升ESG信息披露的强制性以达到社会治理的目标。据此,我国现阶段基于“双碳”治理的目标提升环境信息披露的强制性,保留其余信息披露的自愿性具有理论与实践正当性。再次,虽然二元监管模式定位合理,但是在具体制度建设中仍存在环境强制性信息披露监管不足、自愿性ESG信息披露激励不足的内生冲突。当前环境强制性信息披露仍然采用单一重要性原则,可能造成ESG信息披露供给不足以及难以应对“漂绿”现象;在法定环境信息披露事项上,也存在标准不一的问题。自愿性信息披露则存在激励不足的现象。上市公司可能因为ESG信息披露承担监管风险,但却无细则与免责事由指引如何避免。最后,在制度优化上,监管强化存在引进双重重要性原则以及增列强制性信息披露事由两条路径。但考虑到双重重要性原则所代表的社会公共利益与证券法投资者保护利益的根本性冲突,现阶段统一法定环境信息披露标准较为合适。另一方面,证券法可以增列与环境有关的公司治理结构披露事项,以与环境法信息公开相区别。激励强化存在引进预测性信息安全港以及细化指引两条路径。但考虑到国内并无预测性信息安全港的相关规则,立法成本过高,因此现阶段细化自愿性ESG信息披露较为适宜。

医学生志愿服务对医学教育的意义与思考

医学生作为志愿者参与志愿服务时,不仅能让其将自身所学的理论知识与实践相结合,提高其专业水平,而且可以培养其人文素养。医学生志愿服务是医学院校开展思想政治教育的有效载体,在树立医学生正确的世界观、人生观和价值观以及提升实践能力等方面发挥着重要作用,其所具有的职业特性和奉献精神传递着爱心和奉献,对促进社会进步也具有积极作用。文章以医学生志愿服务的起源为出发点,介绍了医学生志愿服务的发展过程及现状,阐述了其对本科医学教育的意义和重要性;总结概括了目前我国医学生志愿服务存在的4个方面的问题,并在此基础上探讨了新时期医学生志愿服务发展的方向与路径,为进一步优化志愿服务育人功能,增强思想政治教育的时代感染力提供了参考。

清末北京戏剧改良与义务戏

清末北京义务戏深受戏剧改良运动影响,其演进过程呈现出多种新元素,不仅促进戏剧改良,而且在一定程度上推动社会风俗改变。一方面,戏剧改良运动促进艺人与报人合作开演义务戏,推动义务戏在传统表演形式中增添许多近代元素,如戏剧内容革新、舞台元素多样化和女性群体加入。另一方面,义务戏受到近代启蒙思想影响,热心助赈的新艺人成为义演主体,成为启蒙与宣教活动的实践者。同时,义务戏也促进社会风俗改良,艺人社会形象得以重塑,其社会地位也有所提高。清末北京义务戏体现出传统与现代的交织,也是本土文化与外来文化碰撞的结果。

中国碳排放权交易市场发展现状与展望

碳排放权交易机制作为全球各国控制温室气体排放的重要手段之一,由于其良好的政策兼容性、金融衍生性,在全球发展势头强劲。从政策制度的完善、全国性及区域性碳市场交易现状、自愿减排市场现状三方面对中国碳市场发展现状进行分析,并综合考虑国际成熟碳市场发展经验、国家政策动向等因素,对中国碳市场未来发展趋势进行展望:中国碳市场扩容是必然趋势,电解铝、水泥和钢铁将依次纳入碳市场;配额总量将不断下降,拍卖比例预计将达到5%;预期碳价“十四五”升至80~100元/吨左右,“十五五”升至130~200元/吨;电力市场与碳市场协同统筹发展是必然选择;碳市场和碳税联合使用将是未来政府控排管理的主要方式。从宏观和微观两个层面提出适时稳步扩大碳市场覆盖范围、不断提高配额拍卖比例、系统构建企业内部碳核查与信息披露机制以强化碳管理效能与透明度等发展建议。

证券法信息披露规则的体系解释

证券法“一体两面”的信息披露规则体系,以重大信息披露规则为体,以虚假陈述和内幕信息为两个违法面相,三者的信息范围及重大性标准具有一致性。2020年新修订的《证券法》颁行,新增自愿信息披露规则,形成强制披露为主、自愿披露为辅的信披制度安排。与强制披露的信息重大性具有确定性不同的是,自愿披露的信息重大性具有不确定性、延伸性和附着性,该类信息未公开时不属于内幕信息,但一经公开,则应与强制披露遵从相同的行为规范。重大性标准是信息披露规则体系的基础,非重大信息不必披露,二元重大性标准具有内在一致性,比较而言,依法披露信息的立法应采用源于证券立法哲学的投资者决策标准,该标准适用过程中的主观性可通过列举价值判断型事项进行规则补强。

内部控制、自愿碳信息披露与财务绩效

针对内部控制、自愿碳信息披露与财务绩效的关系问题,采用实证研究的方法,以2017—2021年沪市A股重污染行业企业为样本,分析内部控制、自愿碳信息披露与财务绩效的关系。研究表明:高质量的内部控制与财务绩效显著正相关;内部控制与自愿碳信息披露显著正相关;高质量的内部控制可以通过自愿碳信息披露来提高财务绩效,自愿碳信息披露在内部控制与财务绩效的关系中发挥部分中介效应。研究结论为重污染行业企业加强内部控制,促进企业绿色低碳发展提供参考。

社区志愿服务共同生产:内涵逻辑及过程机理

在社区“志愿失灵”、居民“弱参与”以及志愿服务供给与实际动态需求错配等现实背景下,创新社区志愿服务提供模式成为学术界广泛关注的议题。从共同生产理论出发,在明确社区志愿服务共同生产内涵逻辑的基础上,进一步从服务发起、资源链接、主体交互、价值创造以及评价反馈等阶段揭示其过程机理。社区志愿服务蕴含丰富的共同生产特征,在组织志愿服务过程中,我们应转变观念,意识到开放的合作系统是社区志愿服务共同生产的行动框架;多主体协作生产是社区志愿服务共同生产的发展方向;服务导向是社区志愿服务共同生产的重要理念;志愿服务共同生产过程中的社区居民不仅是志愿服务的接受者和受益者,同时也是服务的参与者和共同生产者。

基于绿电和自愿减排量交易的园区低碳电力运营优化

为保证园区电力运营经济性,提高清洁电能的使用比例,文章提出了一种基于绿电和自愿减排量交易的园区低碳电力运营优化模型。该模型综合考虑了绿电和火电的购电成本、光伏发电成本及自愿减排量收益,以总运营成本最小为目标函数,结合随机概率约束,分中长期、日前和实时三阶段对绿电、火电电量以及光伏发电量进行优化。以南京市某企业园区的数据为基础,在自愿减排量价格合理的前提下,该优化模型可小幅降低园区总运营成本,并且显著提高了清洁电能的使用比例和园区应对扰动的能力。另外,就自愿减排量价格以及置信度取值对优化结果的影响进行了分析。

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供热行业是目前全球能源消耗量最高的行业,其能源消耗量约占能源消耗总量的50%,使用的一次能源排出的CO_(2)量占全球总CO_(2)排放量的40%。完成能源结构优化升级,鼓励全社会共同参与减排项目开发刻不容缓。国家核证自愿减排量(China Certified Emission Reduction, CCER)作为一项重要的市场减排机制,是自愿减排项目参与实现“双碳”目标的重要途径。对供热行业已开发的CCER方法学进行了分析,同时介绍了目前国内供热行业新技术发展现状,针对方法学中未涉及的开发内容提出了建议。对未来供热行业自愿减排交易市场发展重点进行了探讨和展望,以进一步完善供热行业的自愿减排机制。

GB/T 19411-202X《除湿机》修订内容解读

近年来,伴随着除湿机产品的市场需求量不断增加,除湿机行业整体呈现蓬勃发展的态势。在行业竞争激烈以及客户需求升级的背景下,家用除湿机产品在质量提升、技术创新、功能多元化等方面都呈现出良好的发展态势。围绕家用除湿机市场和用户需求的变化,急需标准来规范。本文就GB/T 19411—202X《除湿机》的修订内容进行详细解读,聚焦新版标准涉及家用除湿机产品的技术要求、测试方法、质量控制、安全性能、环保要求等方面的变化提升,以期对正确理解和执行该标准有所帮助。