Experimental and simulation study on shear stress-induced erythrocyte damage based on vortex oscillator

Background:Shear stress-induced erythrocyte damage,namely hemolysis,is an important problem in the development of blood-contacting medical devices such as mechanical circulatory support devices.Computational fluid dynamics simulation combined with hemolysis prediction models have been widely used to predict hemolysis.With the development of hemolysis prediction models,the new hemolysis prediction model requires more experimental data to verify.In addition,the difference of in vitro blood-shearing device also affect the accuracy of hemolysis prediction.Methods:To address these problems,a new in vitro blood-shearing device(vortex oscillator)was used to further verify the accuracy of the hemolysis prediction models,and to guide the optimal design of blood-contacting medical devices such as mechanical circulatory support devices.Firstly,the flow field information such as wall stress and velocity of the vortex oscillator under different speeds was analyzed.Secondly,different hemolysis prediction models were used to calculate hemolysis,and the predicted data was compared with the experimental data.Results and Conclusion:In this study,the flow field information inside the vortex oscillator at high rotational speeds was systematically investigated,and the prediction of hemolysis was carried out.The results showed that the predicted data of hemolysis was significantly different from the experimental data,which indicated that it was urgent to establish a standardized in vitro blood-shearing platform to provide a reference for accurate hemolysis prediction.

Doppler Radar Data Analysis of A Low-shear Vortex System in Northern Guizhou

With Zunyi CINRAD/CD Doppler radar data and other data,a hail wind and heavy rainfall in short time occurred on July 10,2008 in northern Guizhou Province was analyzed in this study.The results showed that the system was affected by the southward of cold air pressure in a low-shear vortex zone.Echo monomer initially developed and arranged along the shear line,and there was hail weather in echo location with intense development.Before the hail shooting,the strongest echo value was 60-65 dBz.When the hail shooting,the low-elevation echo intensity sharply increased to 55-60 dBz with echo height of 11-15 km and VIL values>35 kg/m2,and its echo distribution showed band characteristics of vortex.When the vortex center moved to the original echo,echo intensity increased,resulting in a profound and lasting convergence of cyclones,and hail or strong wind occurred on the ground.Hail and strong short-term precipitation in towns of northern Renhuai might be related to the left inverted U-terrain.Echoes from Yongxing and Yuquan in Meitan,Xuekong and Xitou in Renhuai were the supercell echoes,and other regional hail shooting echoes were strong multi-monomer echoes.

The Instability of the Vortex Sheet along the Shear Line

The traditional Kelvin-Helmholtz notion of studying the shear instability is not suitable for the case associated with shear line with the strong wind shear in the vortex sheet. Since then, the shear instability becomes theinstability of the vortex sheet. If the velocity is induced by the vortex sheet, the inequalities (1? R r + Ri d)> 0 and U(v,t)> U(A(t)) become the criterion of the vortex sheet instability. This criterion indicates that 1) the disposition of environment field restrains the disturbance developing along the shear line. 2) There exist multi—scale interactions in the unstable process of the shear line. The calculation of the necessary condition for the instability is also presented in this paper. Key words Shear line - Induced velocity - Instability of the vortex sheet This work was supported by the project on the study of the formative mechanism and predictive theory of the significant climate and weather disaster in China under Grant G 1998040907 and by the key project on the Dynamic Study of Severe Mesoscale Covective Systems sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.49735180.

A Comparison of Polar Vortex Response to Pacific and Indian Ocean Warming

During recent decades, the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean has become increasingly warmer. Meanwhile, both the northern and southern hemispheric polar vortices （NPV and SPV） have exhibited a deepening trend in boreal winter. Although previous studies have revealed that the tropical Indian Ocean warming （IOW） favors an intensifying NPV and a weakening SPV, how the tropical Pacific Ocean warming （POW） influences the NPV and SPV remains unclear. In this study, a comparative analysis has been conducted through ensemble atmospheric general circulation model （AGCM） experiments. The results show that, for the Northern Hemisphere, the two warmings exerted opposite impacts in boreal winter, in that the IOW intensified the NPV while the POW weakened the NPV. For the Southern Hemisphere, both the IOW and POW warmed the southern polar atmosphere and weakened the SPV. A diagnostic analysis based on the vorticity budget revealed that such an interhemispheric difference in influences from the IOW and POW in boreal winter was associated with different roles of transient eddy momentum flux convergence between the hemispheres. Furthermore, this difference may have been linked to different strengths of stationary wave activity between the hemispheres in boreal winter.

Polar Vortex Response to Pacific Ocean Warming and Its Additive Nonlinearity with the Indian Ocean

A previous modeling study about Pacific Ocean warming derived polar vortex response signals, by subtracting those in the Indian Ocean warming experiments from those in the Indo-Pacific. This approach questions the resemblance of such an indirectly derived response to one directly forced by Pacific Ocean warming. This is relevant to the additive nonlinearity of atmospheric responses to separated Indian and Pacific Ocean forcing. In the present study, an additional set of ensemble experiments are performed by prescribing isolated SST forcing in the tropical Pacific Ocean to address this issue. The results suggest a qualitative resemblance between responses in the derived and additional experiments. Thus, previous findings about the impact of Indian and Pacific Ocean wanning are robust. This study has important implications for future climate change projections, considering the non-unanimous warming rates in tropical oceans in the 21st century. Nevertheless, a comparison of present direct-forced experiments with previous indirect-forced experiments suggests a significant additive nonlinearity between the Indian and Pacific Ocean warmings. Further diagnosis suggests that the nonlinearity may originate from the thermodynamic processes over the tropics.

Numerical Simulation of the Vortex-Induced Vibration of A Curved Flexible Riser in Shear Flow

A series of fully three-dimensional(3 D) numerical simulations of flow past a free-to-oscillate curved flexible riser in shear flow were conducted at Reynolds number of 185–1015. The numerical results obtained by the two-way fluid–structure interaction(FSI) simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results reported in the earlier study. It is further found that the frequency transition is out of phase not only in the inline(IL) and crossflow(CF) directions but also along the span direction. The mode competition leads to the non-zero nodes of the rootmean-square(RMS) amplitude and the relatively chaotic trajectories. The fluid–structure interaction is to some extent reflected by the transverse velocity of the ambient fluid, which reaches the maximum value when the riser reaches the equilibrium position. Moreover, the local maximum transverse velocities occur at the peak CF amplitudes, and the values are relatively large when the vibration is in the resonance regions. The 3 D vortex columns are shed nearly parallel to the axis of the curved flexible riser. As the local Reynolds number increases from 0 at the bottom of the riser to the maximum value at the top, the wake undergoes a transition from a two-dimensional structure to a 3 D one. More irregular small-scale vortices appeared at the wake region of the riser, undergoing large amplitude responses.

Vortex-Induced Vibrations of A Long Flexible Cylinder in Linear and Exponential Shear Flows

A numerical study based on a wake oscillator model was conducted to determine the response performance of vortex-induced vibration(VIV) on a long flexible cylinder with pinned-pinned boundary conditions subjected to linear and exponential shear flows. The coupling equations of a structural vibration model and wake oscillator model were solved using a standard central finite difference method of the second order. The VIV response characteristics including the structural displacement, structural frequency, structural wavenumber, standing wave behavior,travelling wave behavior, structural velocity, lift force coefficient and transferred energy from the fluid to the structure with different flow profiles were compared. The numerical results show that the VIV displacement is a combination of standing waves and travelling waves. For linear shear flow, standing waves and travelling waves dominate the VIV response within the low-velocity and high-velocity zones, respectively. The negative values of the transferred energy only occur within the low-velocity zone. However, for exponential shear flow, travelling waves dominate the VIV response and the negative energy occurs along the entire length of the cylinder.

Lift Enhancement and Oscillatory Suppression of Vortex-induced Vibration in Shear Flow by Loentz Force

The flow of the weak electrolyte solution can be controlled by Lorentz force achieved with the suitable magnetic and electric fields, and it has the advantages of vortex street suppression, drag reduction, lift enhancement and oscillatory suppression for the flow over a bluff body. The electro-magnetic control of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a circular cylinder in the shear flow was investigated numerically in the exponential-polar coordinates attached on the moving cylinder for Re=150. With the effect of background vorticity, the vortex street of VIV cylinder was composed of two parallel rows with an opposite sign of the vortices which inclines toward the lower side and the strength of upper vortex is larger than that of lower vortex. The lift force vibrated periodically with the effect of vortex shedding and the mean value was negative due to the background vorticity. The Lorentz force for controlling the VIV cylinder was classified into the field Lorentz force and the wall Lorentz force. The field Lorentz force suppresses the lift oscillation, and in turn, suppresses the VIV, whereas the wall Lorentz force increases the lift.

不同生理条件下主动脉双叶机械心脏瓣膜血流动力学分析

采用计算流体动力学方法对不同生理条件下主动脉位置双叶机械心脏瓣膜下游的速度分布、涡演化、粘性剪切应力、雷诺剪切应力进行研究。收缩期峰值时,运动状态下血液射流较其他两种生理状态下更为强烈,最大血液流速为2.1 m/s。对于涡演化的分析表明3种生理状态下剪切层是比较明显的流动特征,在收缩期峰值时,血液与主动脉窦作用较为强烈。对于粘性剪切应力,当瓣叶完全打开时,瓣叶在瓣膜区阻碍了血液流过瓣膜,血流与瓣叶之间的相互作用导致了较高的剪切应力,3种生理状态下,观察到的最大粘性剪应力小于8 N/m^(2)。3种生理状态下观察到最大的雷诺剪切应力为700 N/m^(2)。本研究有助于为临床手术瓣膜选择以及术后康复提供理论依据。

2021年11月7—9日辽宁省极端雨雪天气分析

选用常规气象观测资料、人工加密观测资料和NCEP/NCAR格点资料,对2021年11月7—9日辽宁省极端雨雪天气进行诊断分析。结果表明:东北冷涡和地面气旋为此次极端雨雪天气的主要影响系统,对流层中低层辐合、高层辐散以及强的冷暖气流交汇,是产生极端雨雪天气的主要原因;高低空急流耦合和高空辐散抽吸作用,配合东北冷涡动力抬升作用,暖湿低空急流沿冷垫爬升,进一步加强了上升运动。暖湿急流为此次极端雨雪天气提供了充沛的水汽条件,暖湿急流的增强对应水汽辐合作用增强,配合低层冷垫和东北冷涡的动力抬升作用,对降雪有明显增幅作用;地面辐合线沿地形分布,触发了此次极端强降雪天气。地形阻挡导致地面冷空气堆积形成冷垫,是极端降雪天气发生的重要原因。温度层结差异是鞍山、岫岩雨雪相态差异的主要原因。具有冻结层特征的低层冷垫,为鞍山极端暴雪提供了有利的温度层结条件;融化层厚度和地面温度是岫岩出现冻雨的关键因素。

一次江淮气旋引起的区域大暴雨可预报性分析及模式检验

利用常规观测资料和逐6 h的ERA5空间分辨率为0.25°×0.25°的再分析资料及数值产品,采用天气学分析和物理量诊断等方法,对河南2020年6月一次江淮气旋区域大暴雨的可预报性进行分析.结果表明:(1)强降水主要出现在850 hPa低涡前部西南急流出口区顶部和切变线两侧50~100 km的重叠区域内、地面气旋辐合线附近及左侧冷暖空气交汇处,以冷区降水为主.(2)水汽和动力条件均具有极端性,PWAT、Q850、Qu850、垂直上升运动速度值均超过了河南各类型100 mm以上强降水统计阈值.(3)850 hPa低涡的移动方向和地面3 h负变压中心移动方向对地面气旋的移动有引导作用,负变压中心较气旋中心出现时间早12 h左右.(4)数值模式EC在24~240 h内、CMA-GFS在24~168 h内晴雨准确率和小雨量级TS评分>0.8,暴雨及以下量级的降水TS评分24~72 h内CMA-GFS优于EC,96 h后CMA-GFS低于EC.(5)EC和CMA-GFS强降水落区较实况偏北0.7~0.8个纬度.

Rheological properties of warm mix asphalt binder by DSR test at medium temperature

The rheological properties including the complex modulus G＊ and the phase angle δof matrix and warm mix asphalt （WMA）binders were measured by using the dynamic shear rheometer （DSR ） test at the medium temperature ranging from 16 to 40 ℃,and the relationships between the fatigue factor G＊ sinδand the matrix binder property,WMA additive and test temperature were established.It is found that G＊ decreases with the increasing temperature while δincreases inversely,and G＊ of the asphalt binder with high WMA additive dosage is large,and δis small.G＊sinδexponentially decreases with the increasing temperature and linearly increases with the increase in additive dosage,and the amplitudes of variation are large at low temperatures and high additive dosages.The effect of WMA additive on the rheological property is more remarkable for the matrix asphalt binder with low G＊.Besides,aging has a great effect on the property of matrix asphalt binder,and a slight effect on the interaction between asphalt and additive.The high additive dosage can increase the fatigue cracking potential of the asphalt binder.

双向剪切流作用下柔性立管平均阻力特性研究

中国南海存在由内孤立波诱发形成的特殊双向剪切流场.开展了双向剪切流场下的涡激振动状态柔性立管的阻力特性实验研究,基于模态分析法以及张力梁弯曲理论处理实验测量应变时历得到了立管模型的平均阻力,分析了双向剪切流下的柔性立管初始位移、平均阻力以及平均阻力系数特性,确证了双向剪切流具有与线性剪切流相当的阻力系数放大效果.同时发现了双向剪切流下柔性立管独特的中部剪力极值特性,提出剪力系数并拟合得到了双向剪切流下柔性立管中部剪力极值经验公式,该公式将为南海立管设计提供强度校核外载荷输入.

高原低涡切变影响云南强降水分布及水汽特征

利用实况资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对2008~2012年夏季东南移出高原且影响云南的高原低涡切变过程进行统计和对比分析。结果表明:高原低涡切变影响云南产生强降水主要分为后部冷空气较强型、高原低涡切变补充型以及东南移减弱型,影响云南产生强降水最多的是低涡切变东南移减弱型。强降水的主要区域是滇中及其以北地区,是高原低涡切变影响云南的典型区,这些区域的降雨主要发生在夜间。后部冷空气较强型的影响范围最大,能造成全省性强降水过程,但发生频率低。低涡切变东南移减弱型和高原低涡切变不断补充型,在滇缅之间均有高压(脊)维持。降水范围、水汽输送与副热带高压的位置、低涡切变经向度和发生时间有关。影响云南的高原低涡切变过程有明显的水汽净收入,主要是南北向的水汽收入,东西向的水汽收入远小于南北向。通过拉格朗日轨迹模式HYSPLIT对水汽路径的模拟表明,孟加拉湾是云南重要的水汽源地。当高原低涡切变影响云南中北部时,有来自高原的水汽输送,高原的水汽一部分是来自阿拉伯海,一部分来自孟加拉湾。气流在到达降水区域之前受下垫面影响,经历了多次的降水和蒸发过程。

东北暖季冷涡降水日变化的聚类分析

使用2017~2022年5~9月逐小时三源融合实况格点降水(CMPAS)资料,采用K-均值聚类算法对东北暖季冷涡降水日变化分类,分析其特征及空间分布,结果显示:1)东北暖季冷涡降水多年平均降水量空间分布从西北到东南增加,降水频次的空间分布与其相似,降水强度大值区集中在辽东半岛附近。2)东北地区冷涡背景下降水量、降水频次和降水强度暖季平均日变化均呈双峰型,降水量的下午主峰值主要源于降水频次,而夜间次峰值与降水频次和降水强度均关系密切。3)聚类后冷涡降水量、降水频次的日变化表现为单峰型和双峰型特征,且单峰型格点占比较大,降水强度的日变化表现为单峰型。依据峰值出现时间及日变化形态间差异,降水量、频次与强度均可划分为4类不同的日变化类型。4)各类日变化空间占比统计结果显示,冷涡降水量、降水频次日变化存在下午峰值的格点均占比最大,夜间峰值次之,两者聚类后区域特征明显,与地形关系密切且分布相对规整;冷涡降水强度日变化下午单峰型格点占比最大,聚类后空间分布较为零散。

基于TR-PIV的俯仰翼型流动结构实验

翼型俯仰过程中流动结构演化复杂,呈现为多种类型涡之间的相互作用。基于时变粒子图像测速技术(Time Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry,TR-PIV),对雷诺数Re=3.0×10^(5),减缩频率k=0.03条件下,俯仰翼型近壁面流动结构的时空演化进行定量研究。分析结果表明:在上仰和下俯阶段的相同攻角下,下俯阶段的分离点位置更靠近前缘,剪切层不稳定性强于上仰阶段,这种差异与前缘壁面法向速度相对于来流的速度有关;下俯阶段,流场中观察到了沿着吸力面向后缘发展的逆时针旋转二次涡,二次涡促进了顺时针旋转的展向涡脱落,并与展向涡融合,使流场发生剧烈变化;上仰阶段,观察到前缘涡(Leading-edge Vortex,LEV)和剪切层涡(Shear Layer Vortex,SLV)2种不同类型的涡结构,两者在空间位置、结构形态、输运速度等方面存在差异,但也存在联系,剪切层涡促进了前缘涡的发展,前缘涡之间的相互融合形成了大尺度的动态失速涡(Dynamic Stall Vortex,DSV),动态失速涡的发展也受剪切层涡的影响。

热带气旋发展增强过程中龙卷尺度涡旋活动特征

观测发现热带气旋(TC)边界层中存在龙卷尺度涡旋(TSV),其引起的相关阵风对近地面具有强烈影响.利用WRF-ARW模型,通过对飓风Earl(2010)进行高分辨率的数值试验模拟,分析了TC边界层龙卷尺度涡旋的时空分布特征以及发生发展的可能原因.Earl发展增强过程中,TSV数量随着Earl强度的增强而增加,尤其在最强期间表现最为活跃,一方面TC的增强提供了更强的背景场使得TSV更易生成,另一方面更强的背景场使得长生命期的TSV增加,每一时刻同时存在的TSV也就更多.TSV生成区域随Earl的发展从垂直风切左侧逐渐集中至逆风切左侧,且始终位于RMW内侧近地层次级环流上升支和最大垂直涡度位置附近,这里通常满足垂直切变和水平切变不稳定的必要条件,TSV涡度收支分析的结果表明,对TSV生成发展起主要贡献的是与水平风水平切变相关的拉伸项以及与垂直切变相关的扭转项,这意味着TSV的生成与发展可能与垂直切变不稳定和水平切变不稳定有关.

基本流纬向切变下的稳定辐射斜压位涡

在大尺度垂直剪切中,嵌入一类新的、稳定传播的斜压涡旋,它辐射的Rossby波没有衰减.通过考虑Beta平面上的两层模型为基础,利用纬向二次剪切流与稳定辐射斜压流体之间的色散关系变化,进行数值模拟,得出了二次剪切流对稳定辐射斜压位涡(potential vorticity, PV)不稳定性的影响;同时涡旋产生的Rossby波,引起经向涡旋的传播及其他相干的热流;对于亚热带海洋向西流,随纬度变化,通过三角函数近似解,给出相应Bessel函数数值解,得到二次剪切流使得上层PV梯度的减少,持续延长了涡旋的寿命.

横纵振荡对风电桩基局部冲刷的影响机理

海上风电桩基的振荡对其局部冲刷的影响不容忽视。该文采用VOF(volume of fluid)两相流模型,对横纵振荡的风电桩基进行数值模拟。分析不同频率、振幅下的桩前和桩侧对称面在周期内流场分布、马蹄涡系变化和床面剪切应力,探究振荡桩基对局部冲刷的影响机理。研究结果表明:在振荡周期内,纵向振荡桩基桩前对称面内产生回流,在T/2时刻马蹄涡达到最大且床面剪切应力最大,不改变桩侧对称面内水流流动;横向振荡桩基会延展桩侧马蹄涡系,在T/2时刻马蹄涡最大但床面剪切应力最小,T时刻最大,不改变桩前对称面内水流流动。横向、纵向振荡会增大桩前和桩侧的床面剪切应力,加剧局部冲刷,当A=5 mm、f=2 Hz时,纵向振荡桩前对称面剪切应力较静止约增大0.75%,桩侧对称面约增大7%;横向振荡桩前对称面约增大2.5%;桩侧对称面约增大10%。

Ti-6Al-4V合金温变形性能研究

目的为了解决螺纹滚压加工缺陷问题,对Ti-6Al-4V合金进行温热环境变形研究,以期获得合适的温加工温度。方法通过Gleeble-3500型热模拟试验机进行了温拉伸和温剪切试验,应变速率为0.05~1 s^(−1),变形温度为100~600℃。分析了变形温度和应变速率对拉伸性能、剪切性能和延伸率的影响。研究了不同变形温度下Ti-6Al-4V合金微观组织演变情况。结果拉伸试样的流变应力随变形温度的升高而不断下降,且更快达到峰值应力。随应变速率的增加,流变应力上升。在温拉伸过程中,晶粒会发生转向以及拉长,且有再结晶现象出现。在300℃变形时组织中α相变形程度较为均匀。随变形温度的升高,合金组织中α相晶粒尺寸降低,晶粒的拉长变形程度增大。延伸率随着变形温度的升高整体呈现上升趋势,在300℃左右时存在一个区域塑性区。应变速率越高,试样的延伸率越低。试样的剪切强度随变形温度的升高而下降。剪切强度随应变速率的升高而逐渐提高。结论在300℃时组织中α相变形程度均匀,且塑性略高,为了避免较高变形温度时剪切强度过低材料出现粘连的情况,选择该温度为温滚压加工合适温度。