Application of Hazard Vulnerability Analysis Based on Kaiser Model in Neonatal Breast Milk Management

Objective:To analyze the existing risks in breast milk management at the neonatal department and provide corresponding countermeasures.Methods:22 risk events were identified in 7 risk links in the process of bottle-feeding of breast milk.Hazard Vulnerability Analysis based on the Kaiser model was applied to investigate and evaluate the risk events.Results:High-risk events include breast milk quality inspection,hand hygiene during collection,disinfection of collectors,cold chain management,hand hygiene during the reception,breast milk closed-loop management,and post-collection disposal.Root cause analysis of high-risk events was conducted and breast milk management strategies outside the hospital and within the neonatal department were proposed.Conclusion:Hazard Vulnerability Analysis based on the Kaiser model can identify and assess neonatal breast milk management risks effectively,which helps improve the management of neonatal breast milk.It is conducive to the safe development and promotion of bottle feeding of breast milk for neonates,ensuring the quality of medical services and the safety of children.

Flood prediction and assessment of vulnerability risk in the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea

The southern part of the Caspian Sea shoreline in Iran with a length of 813 km has different topographic conditions.Owing to sea fluctuation,these zones have various dimensions in different times.During the last years,the Caspian Sea experienced enormous destructive rises.The historical information and tidal gauge measurements showed different ranges of sea rise from
30 m to
22 m from the mean sea level.On the other hand,the probable flooding zone is related to slope gradient of coasts.To help the determination of the probable flooding area owing to sea level rises,the coastal zones can be modelled using geographic information system(GIS)environment as vulnerability risk rates.These rates would be useful for making decisions in coastal management programs.This study examined different scenarios of sea rise to determine hazard-flooding rates in the coastal cities of the Mazandaran province and classified them based on vulnerability risk rates.The 1:2000 scale topographic maps of the coastal zones were prepared to extract topographic information and construct the coastal digital elevation model.With the presumption of half-metre sea rise scenarios,the digital elevation models classified eight scenarios from
26 to
22 m.The flooding areas in each scenario computed for 11 cities respectively.The vulnerability risk rate in each rise scenario was computed by dividing the flooded area of each scenario to city area.The results showed that in the first four scenarios,from
26 to
24 m,the Behshahr,Joibar,Neka and Babolsar cites would be more vulnerable than other cites.Moreover,for the second four scenarios from
24 to
22 m sea level rise scenario,only the coastal area of Chalous city would be vulnerable.It was also observed that the coastal region of Behshahr would be critical in total scenarios.Further studies would be necessary to complete this assessment by considering social-economic and land use information to estimate the exact hazardous and vulnerable zones.

Amelioration and retrofitting of educational buildings

Following a seismic event that occurred years ago in Central Italy, the public opinion was growing and growing a concern on the adequacy of educational buildings all across Italy. This activated several political decisions and a consequent technical effort is in progress. Technically speaking one has to manage the classical problem of retrofitting existing buildings. However, the legal environment goes across national codes, targeted guidelines and the professional need of achieving pragmatic solutions based on ethical and social acceptation schemes.This paper introduces the topic in its worldwide exception and focuses then on some operative aspects in the Italian situation. It outlines the consolidated steps along this technical process and emphasizes the weak aspects one meets when going across the designers＇ reports.