Landfill Site Suitability Assessment Using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Butuan City, Philippines

Landfilling is one of the most effective and responsible ways to dispose of municipal solid waste(MSW).Identifying landfill sites,however,is a challenging and complex undertaking because it depends on social,environmental,technical,economic,and legal issues.This study aims to map the optimal sites that were environmentally suitable for locating a landfill site in Butuan City,Philippines.With reference to the policy requirements from DENR Section I,Landfill Site Identification Criteria and Screening Guidelines of National Solid Waste Management Commission,the integration of a Geographic Information System(GIS)model builder and Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP)has been used in this study to address the aforementioned challenges related to the landfill site suitability analysis.Based on the generated sanitary landfill suitability map,results showed that Barangay Tungao(1131.42967 ha)and Florida(518.48 ha)were able to meet and consider the three(3)main components,namely economic,environmental,and physical criteria,and are highly suit­able as landfill site locations in Butuan City.It is recommended that there will conduct a geotechnical evaluation,involv­ing rigorous geological and hydrogeological assessment employing a combination of site investigation and laboratory techniques.In addition,additional specific social,ecological,climatic,and economic factors need to be considered(i.e.including impact on humans,flora,fauna,soil,water,air,climate,and landscape).

Evaluating Watershed Vulnerability in Bernalillo County, New Mexico Using Expert Testimony, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, and GIS

Geographic Information System (GIS) software was used to create a watershed vulnerability model for Bernalillo County, New Mexico. Watershed vulnerability was investigated as a function of soil erosion and infiltration criteria: precipitation, land slope, soil erodibility (K-factor), vegetation cover (NDVI), land use, drainage density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and hydrologic soil group. Respective criteria weights were derived using a Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) supported by expert opinion. A survey of 10 experts, representing New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (NMT), the New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (NMBGMR), and the United States Geologic Survey (USGS), provided model input data for an integrated pair-wise comparison matrix for soil erosion and for infiltration. Individual criteria weights were determined by decomposing the respective fuzzy synthetic extent matrix using the centroid method. GIS layers were then combined based on criteria weights to produce maps of soil erosion potential and infiltration potential. A composite watershed vulnerability map was generated by equal weighting of each input map. Model results were categorized into five vulnerability categories: not vulnerable (N), slightly vulnerable (SV), moderately vulnerable (MV), highly vulnerable (HV), and extremely vulnerable (EV). The resulting FAHP/GIS model was used to generate a watershed vulnerability map of discrete areas in Bernalillo County, which may be vulnerable to stormwater run-off events and soil erosion. Such high volume run-off events can cause erosion damage to property and infrastructure. Alternatively, in areas near urban development, stormwater run-off may contribute non-point-source pollutant contamination of New Mexico’s surface water resources. The most problematic areas in Bernalillo County are present in the Eastern and Northwestern portions. However, less than 1% of the total area lies within the lowest and highest vulnerability categories with the majority centered around moderate vulnerability. The results of the model were compared with a previously published crisp AHP method. Both methods showed similar regional vulnerability trends. This MCDS/GIS approach is intended to provide support to local governments and decision makers in selection of suitable structural or nonstructural stormwater control measures.

Evaluation on Ecological Vulnerability of the Vegetation in the Subei Lake Watershed Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process

[ Objective] The research aimed to evaluate ecological vulnerability of the vegetation in the Subei Lake watershed based on analytic hierarchy process （AHP）. [ Method] From actual situation of the vegetation ecology in the Subei Lake watershed, by the established evaluation index system of vegetation ecology, based on AHP, indicator weight at each layer was determined. Comprehensive index method was used to calculate ecological fragility degree of the vegetation in each evaluation unit to evaluate ecological vulnerability of the vegetation. [ Result] Ecological vulnera- bility of the vegetation was divided into four levels, such as extremely fragile, highly fragile, moderately fragile and lowly fragile in the Subei Lake watershed. The extremely fragile area, where buried depth of the groundwater level was generally less than 1.0 meter, distributed in beach zones near the Subei Lake, and its relationship between vegetation and groundwater was close. The lowly fragile areas scattered in the ridge zone around the Subei Lake watershed, where buried depth of the groundwater level was 10.0 -40.0 meters, and their relationship between vegetation growth and groundwater depth was not obvious. Buried depth of groundwater had the most sensitive influence on vegetation ecology, and it was the key factor between utilization of groundwater resources and eco-environment protection in the study area. E Conclusion] The researches provided scientific evidence for regional eco-environment protection, rational development and utilization of water resources, and coordinated development of economy and society.

Susceptibility assessment of debris flows using the analytic hierarchy process method——A case study in Subao river valley, China

Many debris flows have occurred in the areas surrounding the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake. Susceptibility assessment of debris flows in this area is especially important for disaster prevention and mitigation. This paper studies one of the worst hit areas, the Subao river valley, and the susceptibility assessment of debris flows is performed based on field surveys and remote sensing interpretation. By investigating the formation conditions of debris flows in the valley, the following assessment factors are selected： mixture density of landslides and rock avalanches, distance to the seismogenic fault, stratum lithology, ground roughness, and hillside angle. The weights of the assessment factors are determined by the analytic hierarchy process （AHP） method. Each of the assessment factors is further divided into five grades. Then, the assessment model is built using the multifactor superposition method to assess the debris flow susceptibility. Based on the assessment results, the Subao river valley is divided into three areas： high susceptibility areas, medium susceptibility areas, and low susceptibility areas. The high susceptibility areas are concentrated in the middle of the valley, accounting for 17.6%of the valley area. The medium susceptibility areas are in the middle and lower reaches, most of which are located on both sides of the high susceptibility areas and account for 45.3% of the valley area. The remainders are clas-sified as low susceptibility areas. The results of the model are in accordance with the actual debris flow events that occurred after the earthquake in the valley, confirming that the proposed model is capable of assessing the debris flow susceptibility. The results can also provide guidance for reconstruction planning and debris flow prevention in the Subao river valley.

Groundwater Exploration Using Multi Criteria Decision Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Central Nigeria

There exists a growing demand for potable water resources to fill the abysmally insufficient water needs for domestic and industrial especially in the Basement Complex terrains of Nigeria. This situation is attributable to its complex hydrogeologic character. The present challenge has worsened due to the non-incorporation of integrated methods in groundwater exploration campaigns. To effectively combat the challenge of unacceptable failure rates in drilled water well development, there is a need for innovative scientific principles and quantitative assessment of groundwater resources to enhance sustainable and proper utilisation of these resources. Hence, it is the objective of this research to exploit the potential application of remote sensing, Geographic Information System (GIS), and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) techniques and freely open datasets in mapping groundwater potential zones. Seven thematic maps have been produced based on factors that are deemed to influence and deemed to have significant control on the occurrence and movement of groundwater. These factors are geology, lineament density, slope, drainage density, rainfall, land-use/land cover, and soil class. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to assign normalised weights to the thematic maps based on the various relative contributions to groundwater occurrence and movement. These thematic maps were then processed in a GIS environment using the Weighted Overlay tool which implements the MCDA. The resulting Groundwater Potential Zones (GPZ) of the area gave rise to Five classes viz: Very good, Good, Moderate, Poor and Very Poor representing 19%, 8%, 14%, 47% and 13% respectively. It is recommended that the GPZ map should be used as a reconnaissance tool for selecting prospective sites for detailed groundwater resource exploitation.

Selection of IT Sourcing Alternatives in Public Sector Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process

Recent research carried out in the public sector shows that outsourcing can indisputably bring many benefits to the organizations which master the art of devising, deploying and maintaining outsourcing relationships. However, for many organizations, these benefits remain elusive, while outsourcing projects are usually accompanied by unexpected and often negative effects. The paper focuses on in-depth analysis of the current situation concerning outsourcing of information technology projects （IT-projects） in Slovenian public sector. Presented research initially analyses substantive, procedural and other relevant aspects of outsourcing and provides a set of applicable decision making criteria. Stemming from the analysis results, this paper eventually presents the development of a multi criteria decision-support model based on Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） which could facilitate enhanced evaluation, selection and implementation of IT outsourcing projects in the public sector.

Establishment and Application of Assessment Indicator System of Agricultural Catastrophe Vulnerability

To give play to the role of agricultural catastrophe risk fund in spreading agricultural catastrophe risk,we select natural conditions,economic conditions,social conditions,as the external vulnerability assessment indicators;select commodity rate of agricultural products,substitutability of agricultural products,the extent of agricultural products being related to the national economy and the people's livelihood,as the internal vulnerability assessment indicators.We assign weight to indicators using Analytic Hierarchy Process,and establish assessment indicator system of agricultural catastrophe vulnerability,to analyze the compensation for losses of different agricultural products arising from agricultural catastrophe in different regions.And we take the case of rice in Sichuan Province,to demonstrate the role this indicator system.

Seismic Vulnerability of Building Construction Site

Building construction site plays an important role in the economic aspect of a region. So any disruption due to hazard event like earthquake can cause several direct and indirect damages. Direct damages can lead to the loss of equipments and qualified persons. Indirect damages can lead to inflation and loss of purchasing power. To deal with that situation, parameters that govern the vulnerability of building construction site have been identified. Using a MCDM （multiple criteria decision making） method, the priority order of these parameters has been set. Then a PVI （partial vulnerability index） and a GVI （global vulnerability index） are proposed. These indexes allow the classification of building construction sites according to their intrinsic vulnerability and seismic vulnerability respectively that is through the use of a given classification. Several Algerian building construction sites belonging to different seismic zones were considered in order to show the applicability of the method.

Evaluation of Environmental Quality for Abandoned Coal Mine Based on Environmental Vulnerability Index

With the increasingly prominent environmental problems of abandoned coal mines,this paper discussed the significance of environmental vulnerability assessment of abandoned coal mines.Environmental vulnerability assessment is essentially an assessment of environmental quality.At present,the research object of environmental impact assessment method and program of mine is mostly single factor.However,the impact of abandoned coal mine on the environment is multifaceted,which was summarized into nine prominent common problems.Based on these nine factors,the environmental vulnerability assessment model of abandoned coal mine based on multifactor evaluation was established by using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)method,the ranking criteria of nine factor indexes was proposed,the evaluation process was established,and the evaluation index system of environmental vulnerability of abandoned coal mines was established.The environmental vulnerability assessment method of abandoned coal mines has universal applicability,which can provide the basis for the government and enterprises to carry out treatment and planning of abandoned coal mine and promote the optimization of governance effect.

Hazard assessment of landslide disaster using information value method and analytical hierarchy process in highly tectonic Chamba region in bosom of Himalaya

The present study is focused on a comparative evaluation of landslide disaster using analytical hierarchy process and information value method for hazard assessment in highly tectonic Chamba region in bosom of Himalaya. During study, the information about the causative factors was generated and the landslide hazard zonation maps were delineated using Information Value Method(IV) and Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) using Arc GIS(ESRI). For this purpose, the study area was selected in a part of Ravi river catchment along one of the landslide prone Chamba to Bharmour road corridor of National Highway(NH^(-1)54 A) in Himachal Pradesh, India. A numeral landslide triggering geoenvironmental factors i.e. slope, aspect, relative relief, soil, curvature, land use and land cover(LULC), lithology, drainage density, and lineament density were selected for landslide hazard mapping based on landslide inventory. Landslide hazard zonation map was categorized namely "very high hazard, high hazard, medium hazard, low hazard, and very low hazard". The results from these two methods were validated using Area Under Curve(AUC) plots. It is found that hazard zonation map prepared using information value method and analytical hierarchy process methods possess the prediction rate of 78.87% and 75.42%, respectively. Hence, landslide hazardzonation map obtained using information value method is proposed to be more useful for the study area. These final hazard zonation maps can be used by various stakeholders like engineers and administrators for proper maintenance and smooth traffic flow between Chamba and Bharmour cities, which is the only route connecting these tourist places.

An approach to quality assessment for web service selection based on the analytic hierarchy process for cases of incomplete information

Since web services intended for the same application environment tend to be functionally homogeneous, researchers have turned to their non-functional aspects in order to constructively compare web services and choose an appropriate one. In general, quality of service is very important to users. Many schemes that consider quality assessment have been proposed for web service selection. With the increasing number of qualityrelated attributes, an effective quality assessment method needs satisfactory scalability. Schemes based on the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) meet this requirement. However, prevalent methods in this vein overlook the fact that the traditional AHP needs a complete judgment matrix. In practice, all the information needed to construct a judgment matrix is often unavailable for a variety of reasons, due to which certain judgments cannot be made. In this paper, for an incomplete judgment matrix, we propose an improved AHP approach to consistency verification and the subsequent ordering. Our method can deal with situations where information is insufficient,and inherits all the merits of the traditional AHP approach. A case study establishes the effectiveness of our proposed method.

Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process Model in the Prioritization of Information Assurance Defense In-Depth Measures?—A Quantitative Study

Organizational computing devices are increasingly becoming targets of cyber-attacks, and organizations have become dependent on the safety and security of their computer networks and their organizational computing devices. Business and government often use defense in-depth information assurance measures such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and password procedures across their enterprises to plan strategically and manage IT security risks. This quantitative study explores whether the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model can be effectively applied to the prioritization of information assurance defense in-depth measures. In response to these threats, the President, legislators, experts, and others have characterized cyber security as a pressing national security issue. The methods used in this study consisted of emailing study participants a survey requesting that they prioritize five defense in-depth information assurance measures, anti-virus, intrusion detection, password, smart-cards, and encryption, with a range of responses from 1 - 5 using a Likert scale to consider standard cost, effectiveness, and perceived ease of use in terms of protection of organizational computing devices. The measures were then weighted, based on ranking. A pair-wise comparison of each of the five measures is then made using AHP to determine whether the Likert scale and the AHP model could be effectively applied to the prioritization of information assurance measures to protect organizational computing devices. The findings of the research reject the H0 null hypothesis that AHP does not affect the relationship between the information technology analysts’ prioritization of five defense in-depth dependent variables and the independent variables of cost, ease of use, and effectiveness in protecting organizational devices against cyber-attacks.

GIS Based Landslide Susceptibility Mapping with Application of Analytical Hierarchy Process in District Ghizer, Gilgit Baltistan Pakistan

District Ghizer is a rugged mountainous territory which experiences several landslides each year. There are 16 major landslide areas and 53 villages that are at high risk to hazards. Keeping in view the severity of natural hazards, the present study was designed to generate landslide susceptibility map based on twelve causative factors viz., slope, aspect, elevation, drainage network, Stream Power Index (SPI), Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), lithological units, fault lines, rainfall, road network, land cover and soil texture. Soil texture was determined by particle size analysis and data for other factors were acquired from freely available sources. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to identify major landslide causative factors in the district Ghizer. Further, a temporal assessment from 1999 till 2015 was generated to assess the impact of land cover change on landslides. It indicated that the barren soil/ exposed rocks and glaciers have reduced while the vegetation and water classes have shown increment. The total area that lies in moderate to very high landslide susceptible zones was 74.38%, while slope is the main landslide causative factor in the district Ghizer. Validation of the susceptibility map showed 88.1% of the landslides in the study area had occurred in the moderate to very high susceptible zones.

An assessment of earthquake vulnerability by multi-criteria decision-making method

Background:Earthquake is one of the most destructive catastrophes in Bangladesh and the evaluation of vulnerability is a prerequisite for the earthquake risk estimation.As a result,determining vulnerability is essential for lowering the future fatalities.The fundamental challenge in estimating the seismic vulnerability is to have a systematic understanding of all potential earthquake related losses.With this objective,the current study deals with evaluating the seismic vulnerability of Sylhet district of Bangladesh.Method:A multi-criteria decision-making approach such as the analytical hierarchy process(AHP)has been used in this study to estimate the earthquake vulnerability.For the assessment of three scenarios namely social,structural,and physical distance vulnerabilities,several criteria have been chosen in order to fully identify the risk of earthquake.Findings:The study uncovers the vulnerable areas of Sylhet district.It is revealed that in terms of social vulnerability,9%area of Sylhet district is under very high,55%high,15%moderate,17%low,and 4%is under very low vulnerable zone.Structural vulnerability represents that 9%of the district area is under the very high vulnerability category,48%high,31%moderate,4%low,and 8%falls under the very low category zone,whereas physical distance vulnerability comes up with a result that 23%,38%,23%,7%,and 9%of the total area fall into very high,high,moderate,low,and very low categories,respectively.Interpretation:The current work on seismic vulnerability assessment might be useful in reducing the risk and minimizing the losses due to earthquake.

基于Wi-Fi子载波互信息的人体呼吸感知系统

不可预测环境变化使Wi-Fi信号存在较大的波动,很难对子载波中的静态分量和行为感知的动态分量进行量化,导致无法准确刻画出动态呼吸特征的波动形式。基于此,提出了一种基于子载波互信息的呼吸感知(SMIBP)系统。首先,提出了动态分量信息(DCI)的刻画形式,利用互信息理论提取子载波中代表呼吸的动态分量信息。然后,利用层次分析法组合各子载波以最大化呼吸信号的动态特征,得到重构的DCI感知基信号,最后联合小波变换和峰值检测法得到呼吸速率,揭示了代表人体呼吸动态分量的理论途径。仿真结果表明,所提系统能较好地刻画每个子载波中动态呼吸分量,且在不同场景下可显著提高Wi-Fi对于小尺度动作的感知精度与范围。

基于集对分析理论和数字化平台的山岭隧道塌方风险评价

为更准确、更科学地完成山岭隧道塌方风险评价,提出一种基于层次分析法(AHP)-熵值法(Entropy)集对分析理论的山岭隧道塌方风险评价方法。首先,选取地质因素、设计因素、施工因素、管理因素4项因素作为塌方风险评价指标体系的准则层,选取12项因素作为指标层,运用层次分析法和熵值法分别计算2级指标权重;然后,引入集对分析理论确定指标联系度,并结合置信度准则对塌方风险的等级进行判定;接着,利用Grasshopper以及Python软件,对集对分析理论进行可视化程序开发,并将其与隧道-地质BIM交互模型进行耦合,建立基于AHP-Entropy集对分析模型的隧道塌方风险数字化分析平台;最后,结合重庆某隧道实际工程,验证隧道塌方风险评价的高效化、可视化效果。研究表明:基于集对分析理论的山岭隧道塌方风险评价数字化分析平台运行时间约为2 s,与传统的隧道塌方风险评价方法相比可以大大提高风险评价效率,同时利用AHP-Entropy法确定评价指标权重,提高了评价结果的可靠性。

新集矿区深部1煤层底板奥灰岩溶突水危险性评价

奥灰岩溶裂隙含水层是影响华北型煤矿深部开采的重要水害,在水-岩相互作用下奥灰含水层易导致煤层底板突水。为进一步认识奥灰岩溶突水问题,文章以新集矿区深部1煤层开采为例,利用矿区近些年最新积累的奥灰钻孔资料,选取断层强度指数、断层交叉点与尖灭点、含水层水压、富水性、隔水层等效厚度、脆塑比7个因素作为奥灰岩溶突水的主控因素,并结合层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)确定各主控因素影响权重。运用地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)空间分析功能建立各主控因素专题图,通过对专题栅格图归一化处理,将各主控因素按照权重进行空间复合叠加,最终获得1煤层底板奥灰岩溶突水危险性评价分区结果。将评价结果与突水系数法计算结果对比分析可知,基于GIS的煤层底板突水危险性评价方法更符合矿区实际地质情况,可以为矿区深部煤层开采与水害防治工作提供参考依据。

天津红色文化遗产空间价值评估研究

红色文化遗产空间是近年来城市遗产研究中的一个重要方向,对于延续城市历史文脉、坚定文化自信具有深远意义。以天津为例,通过收集、整理天津市域范围内159处红色文化遗产空间的数字信息,运用层次分析法和GIS定量化地评估红色文化遗产空间的开发利用价值,并将评估结果进行可视化表达。研究表明天津市红色文化遗产空间具有类型多元和保护状况较好的特征,但未形成有序的空间序列,在群众认知中价值差异较大。研究成果可为天津市红色文化遗产空间未来的保护与利用提供科学依据。

城市环境信息公开服务均等化的测度研究

可持续推动生态文明建设,是中华民族永续发展的大计。为保障城市居民都能享有大致均等的信息公开服务,以环境知情权理论、信息不对称理论为依托,根据相关法律和通过大量阅读文献提取了影响城市信息公开均等化的因素,采用层次分析法进而构建城市环境信息公开服务均等化评价指标体系。最终结果证实,城市环境信息公开均等化准则层四维度的重要排序:环境信息公开水平>环境信息互动回应>环境监管信息>环境污染源自行检测。

基于FAHP的大学生网络信息安全素养评价体系研究

网络信息安全事关国家安全,大学生群体既是网络信息应用重要的参与主体,又是网络信息安全事故易感群体。提升大学生网络安全素养,对于大学生强化网络信息安全认知、提高网络信息安全防范应对能力、降低网络信息安全事故发生率具有重要支撑作用。基于大学生网络信息安全相关理论,建立了一个涵盖4个维度17个子指标因素的大学生网络信息安全素养评价指标体系,运用模糊层次分析法构建模糊判断矩阵,计算出各指标权重,构建了大学生网络信息安全素养评价模型。结果表明,密码信息保护意识、信息隐私保护知识、信息真伪鉴别能力、负面信息抵制态度为大学生网络信息安全素养的关键影响因素。在此基础上,从国家、社会、高校、个人等不同层面,提出了提升大学生网络安全素养的对策建议。